CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – The Sentence

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – The Sentence

Definition of Sentence
A group of words that is arranged in a proper order and gives a complete meaning is called a sentence.
e.g.

1.  Delhi is the capital of India.
2.  Manohar is the captain of team.

Subject
A subject is a noun or pronoun that either does the work or about whom/which something is stated.
e.g.

1.  Ram is reading a book. (Subject)
   Here, Ram is the doer of the action as he is busy in reading his book. So, Ram is the subject.
2.  Peacock is a beautiful bird. (Subject)
   Here, something has been said about the beauty of the peacock. So, peacock is the subject.

Object
An object is a word which receives the effect of action done by the subject,
e.g.

1.  Leader has distributed blankets. (Object)
2.  Maya writes a poem. (Object)

Here, leader and Maya are the subjects who perfom the action of distributing and writing respectively. The nouns ‘blankets’ and ‘poem’ receive the effect of the action done by the subject.

Complement
Complement is a word or a group of words that adds more meaning to the subject or to the object.
e.g.

1.  John is playing football in the ground. (Complement)
2.  Vijay is going to library for books. (Complement)

The word or group of words indicated as complement adds up to the meaning of the subject or object. Earlier, we have studied what is a sentence. Now we shall learn about the parts of sentence and the types of sentence.

Types of Sentences
The following types of sentences are given below
Assertive or Declarative Sentences
Assertive sentences are the statements that give information about something or some action.
They are positive as well as negative.

Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentences are those sentences that make a question sense.
e.g.

1.  Do you read your book?
2.  What is your native language?

Note: An interrogative sentence always ends with a mark of interrogation (?). This is the way to identify the interrogative sentences.

Types of Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentences are of two types

1.  Yes/No Interrogatives These are closed ended interrogatives where the answers are in the form of yes or no.
   e.g.  (a) Have you got some time?
   Yes, I have.
   No, I have not.
   (b) Did you have your lunch?
   Yes, I had.
   No, I did not.
2.  ‘Wh’ Interrogatives These are the types of interrogatives that use ‘wh’ words with them. Wh, words are what, why, where, when, how.
   e.g. (a) Why are you crying?
   (b) When do we play?
   

Imperative Sentences
Imperative sentences are the sentences that express order command, instructions, advice and request.
They begin with a ‘verb’, e.g.

1.  Bring the paper.
2.  Stand in the queue.
3.  Take left for church.
4.  Practice Maths regularly.
5.  Help the needy and poor.

Exclamatory Sentences
Sentences that are used to show internal emotions or abstract feelings are exclamatory sentences,
e.g.

1.  Shit! I have done the wrong.
2.  Alas! She lost her mother.
3.  Bravo! The man showed courage.
4.  Hurrah! We conquered.

Note: Exclamatory sentences can be easily understood with the help of Words of exclamation.
(Words that show sudden or abstract feelings). Sign of exclamation (I).

Optative Sentences
Sentences that show wish, desire or entreaty are called optative sentences.
e.g.

1.  May God bless you.
2.  I wish I were a bird.
3.  May you achieve great success in your life.
4.  I wish we had studied earlier.

Interchange of Sentence

Interchange of Positive into Negative Sentence
When a positive sentence is to -be changed into negative then we should use ‘not’ between helping verb and the main verb of the sentence.
e.g.

1.  She was writing poems. (Positive)
   She was not writing poems. (Negative)
2.  I was playing cricket. (Positive)
   I was not playing cricket. (Negative)

Note: In simple present and simple past tenses there may be no helping verb and if it is the case then we use do/does/did as the helping verb in forming a negative statement.

Rule 1
If a sentence contains an amount or magnitude  or number of something then negative adding ‘no’. is made by
e.g.

1.  She has a car. (Positive)
   She has no car. (Negative)
2.  Puneet had some sugar. (Positive)
   Puneet had no sugar. (Negative)

Rule 2
When indefinite pronouns like somebody, someone, anybody or anyone are used then to make a negative sentence nobody or none is used.
e.g.

1.  Somebody has called you. (Positive)
   Nobody has called you. (Negative)
2.  Anybody can read a book. (Positive)
   Nobody can read a book. (Negative)

Rule 3
A positive sentence can be changed into negative by using another word which is the
antonym in the negative sentence.
e.g.

1.  Rahim is a good boy. (Positive)
   Rahim is a bad boy. (Negative)
2.  1 am fit for this job. (Positive)
   1 am unfit for this job. (Negative)

Rule 4
Positive sentence can be changed into negative by using ‘neither-nor’ also.
e.g.

1.  He is a poet and teacher. (Positive)
   He is neither a poet nor a teacher. (Negative)
2.  Mr John is the chairman and the secretary. (Positive)
   Mr John is neither the chairman nor the secretary. (Negative)

Interchange of Positive into Interrogative Sentence

Rule 1
A positive sentence can be changed into interrogative sentence by putting the helping verb before subject.
e.g.

1.  Children are playing. (Positive)
   Are children playing? (Interrogative)
2.  She had finished the work. (Positive)
   Had she finished the work? (Interrogative)

Rule 2
A positive sentence can be changed into an interrogative sentence by using ‘Wh’ words.
e.g.

1.  The baby is crying. (Positive)
   Why is the baby crying? (Interrogative)
2.  Farmers plough the field. (Positive)
   When do farmers plough the field? (Interrogative)

Parts of Sentence

Subject

•  Doer of action.
•  About whom/which something is said.
  

Predicate
The part of sentence that has a verb and that states something about the subject.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
Identify subject, helping verb and verb in the following sentences.

1.  The Ganga is providing water for agriculture.
2.  Workmen work in their fields.
3.  Teacher teaches the pupils.
4.  They have completed the work.
5.  Was Seema busy with her friend?

Solution:

1. Subject – The Ganga
   Helping verb – is
   Verb – providing
2. Subject – Workmen
   Helping verb – X
   Verb – work
3. Subject – Teacher
   Helping verb – X
   Verb – teaches
4. Subject – They
   Helping verb – have
   Verb – completed
5.  Subject – Seema
   Helping verb – was
   Verb – X

Question 2:
Identify the object and complement in the following sentences. If there is no object or no complement then indicate the same.

1.  The dog is barking in the field.
2.  The peon rings the bell always.
3.  A tiger is a dangerous animal.
4.  River gives life to the people.
5.  It is raining in Delhi.

Solution:

1. Object – X
   Complement – in the field
2. Object – the bell
   Complement – always
3. Object – X
   Complement – dangerous animal
4. Object – life, people
   Complement – X
5. Object – X
   Complement – In Delhi

Question 3:

Solution:
(i) (c)             (ii) (a)             (iii) (e)              (iv) (b)                (v) (d)

Question 4:
Choose the correct option from the given questions.
A postman delivers the letter to people.

1.  Which is the subject of the sentence?
   (a) Letter              (b) People
   (c) A postman     (d) Delivers
2.  Which is the object of the sentence?
   (a) A postman     (b) The letter
   (c) People             (d) Delivers
3.  Which is the verb of the sentence?
   (a) Delivers         (b) A postman
   (c) People            (d) The letter
4.  Which is the complement of the sentence?
   (a) People           (b) Postman
   (c) Letter            (d) None of these
5.  Subject of the sentence is
   (a) doer of the action
   (b) about whom/which something is said
   (c) cannot be decided
   (d) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’

Solution:

1. (c)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (a)
5. (a)

Question 5:
In the following sentences identify the subject and the predicate.

1.  The car broke down in the middle.
2.  A clever boy dodged the man there.
3.  One who thinks good does good always.
4.  The dull shopkeeper made no sale today.
5.  Eager people get success in Science.

Solution:

1. Subject – The car
   Predicate – broke down in the middle.
2. Subject – A clever boy
   Predicate – dodged the man there.
3. Subject – One who thinks good does
   Predicate – good always.
4. Subject – The dull shopkeeper made
   Predicate – no sale today.
5. Subject – Eager people get success in
   Predicate – science.

Question 6:
Identify the kind of the sentences given below. Write in your notebook.

1.  May our team; win the match.
2.  She could not appear for the party.
3.  How did you manage the affair?
4.  One could be fined Rs. 200 for this.
5.  Wow! what a blissful sight it is.

Solution:

1. Optative
2. Negative
3. Interrogative
4. Positive
5. Exclamatory

Question 7:
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given in the box.

1. Father asked the children ………. books do they want to purchase?
2. ………. does this bus leave for Agra?
3.  ………. has happened to you?
4.  ………… is the chief secretary of UNO?
5.  ………. are you going so early in the morning?

Solution:

1.  which
2.  When
3.  What
4.  Who
5.  Where

Question 8:
In the sentehces below identify the type of sentences.

1.  Ouch! my finger gets a cut.
2.  Nothing is possible without money.
3.  Why was a large dam built there?
4.  The tiger moved with rage in the jungle.
5.  My mother wants me to do the study.

Solution:

1.  Exclamatory Sentence
2.  Negative Sentence
3.  Interrogative Sentence
4.  Positive Sentence
5.  Optative Sentence

Question 9:
Change these positive sentences into negative sentences.

1.  India is a populous country.
2.  The weather is very fine today.
3.  Indian economy is increasing these days.
4.  Bank provides the loan to its Customers.
5.  The cow is a very useful quadruped.

Solution:

1.  India is not a populous country.
2.  The weather is not very fine today.
3.  Indian economy is not increasing these days.
4.  Bank does not provide loan to its customers.
5.  The cow is not a very useful quadruped.

Question 10:
Change these positive sentences into the interrogative sentences.

1.  Metro is a convenient mode of transport.
2.  People love to reside in cities.
3.  One should work hard to get success.
4.  The snake charmer plays his flute well.
5.  Leaders are unpredictable people.

Solution:

1.  Is metro a convenient mode of transport?
2.  Do people love to reside in cities?
3.  Should one work hard to get success?
4.  Does the snake charmer play his flute well?
5.  Are leaders unpredictable people?

Question 11:
In the sentences given below, there are four options to each. Identify the sentence and choose the correct options.

1. None came to the rescue.
   (a) Positive sentence
   (b) Negative sentence
   (c) Imperative sentence
   (d) Optative sentence
2. She always misguides others.
   (a) Positive sentence
   (b) Negative sentence
   (c) Imperative sentence
   (d) Optative sentence
3. Grandma loves to buy the Ramayana.
   (a) Positive sentence
   (b) Negative sentence
   (c) Interrogative sentence
   (d) Optative sentence
4. Why there a decline in the rainfall?
   (a) Positive sentence
   (b) Negative sentence
   (c) Interrogative sentence
   (d) Optative sentence
5. What a pleasant surprise your arrival is!
   (a) Interrogative sentence
   (b) Imperative sentence
   (c) Optative sentence
   (d) Exclamatory sentence

Solution:

1. (b)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (c)
5. (d)