Category: CBSE

CBSE Class 9 English Grammar – Tenses

Tenses Class 9 CBSE 

1. Time and Tense
Time is universally divided into past, present, and future. Tense is a form of the verb that expresses time. For example, “she goes’ is the present tense and ‘she went’ is the past tense of the verb ‘to go’. Thus the verb changes its form to show whether an action takes place in the present or it took place in the past.

2. Tenses
There are two tenses in English—the simple present and the simple past.
Note. Remember that there is no future tense in English to express future time. We use the modal auxiliaries shall and will in the present simple tense, etc, to express future time.

You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc. https://www.cbselabs.com/cbse-class-9-english-grammar-tenses/

Tense Class 9 CBSE 

More Resources for CBSE Class 9

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Maths
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 English
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Sanskrit
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 IT
• RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions

3. Aspect
There are two aspects in English—the progressive (continuous) and the perfect. The progressive aspect shows that an action is still in progress, while the perfect aspect shows that the work is complete.

4. The following table shows the different forms of the verb:

5. Forms of the Present Simple Tense:

• Thus we have seen that the simple present tense is formed by using the plain infinitive. But -s or -es are added to the bare infinitive (i.e. infinitive without ‘to’) for the third person singular (He, She) and singular noun (Nitu).
• We form the negative sentences by using doesn’t or don’t before the main verb.
• The interrogative sentences are formed by using do or does before the subject.
• The negative interrogative sentences are formed by using do or does before the subject and not after the subject.
  But the short forms don’t and doesn’t come before the subject.
  

6. Uses of the Present Simple Tense:
The simple present tense is used
(i) to express universal truths, facts, customs:

• The sun sets in the west.
• The earth revolves round the sun.
• Water freezes at 0°
• The Hindus cremate their dead.

(ii) to express habitual action:

• I go to temple daily.
• My father goes for a walk in the evening.
• He gets up at 4 a.m daily.
• She walk to the office every day

(iii) to  express a permanent state:

• My house faces west.
• Delhi stands on the bank of the yamuna,
• NH-1 (National Highway) leads to Amritsar.
• The house has four rooms.

(iv) in exclamatory sentences:

• Look out!
• Here comes the bus!
• There goes the train!

(v) in subordinate clauses beginning with ‘if’ and when’:

• If you request him, he will help you.
• If he works hard, he will pass.
• When you go there, try to meet him.

(vi) in imperative sentences:

• Let us go out for a walk.
• Obey your elders.
• Shut the door.
• Please, give me a glass of water.

(vii) to indicate a planned future action or series of action when they  refer to a journey.

• He comes here tomorrow.
• This aeroplane files for London next week.
• Our examination commences on next Monday.
• We leave Delhi at 9 a.m. and reach.

(viii) for narrative events in a dramatic way:

• The sound of firing is heard.
• Lights are switched on.
• The hero is seen lying dead on the stage.

(ix) in running commentaries on sports events:

• Mohit passes the ball to Rohit.
• Rohit hits the ball straight into the goal.

(x)  to introduce quotations:

• Our teacher says, “Slow and steady wins the race.”
• My father says, ” Hard work is the key to success.”

Note: We generally use the following adverbs or adverbial phrases in the present tense:
always, often, daily, generally, usually, everyday, every week, frequently, etc.

Tenses For Class 9 CBSE 

7. Present Progressive Tense
Form:
(i) The present progressive tense is formed by adding present participle (verb + ing) to the present forms of the auxiliary, be: am/is/are + present participle:

• She is singing.
• I am working.
• They are sleeping.

(ii) The negative is formed by putting not after the auxiliary:

• She is not singing, (isn’t)
• I am not working, (ain’t)
• They are not sleeping, (aren’t)

(iii) The interrogative is formed by placing the auxiliaries before the subject:

• Is she singing?
• Am I working?
• Are they sleeping?

(iv) The negative interrogative is formed by placing the auxiliary verbs before the subject and by placing not after the subject:

• Is she not singing? (Isn’t she … ?)
• Am I not working? (Ain’t I… ?)
• Are they not sleeping? (Aren’t they … ?)

Note: The negative interrogative form of ‘/ am’ is Am I not? But the contracted form is: Ain’t I?
Uses of the Present Progressive Tense:
(i) The present progressive tense is used for an action that is in progress at the time of speaking:

• He is reading a newspaper.
• The children are playing football.
• The girl is singing a song.  I am doing my work.

(ii) The present progressive tense is used for an action that is in progress and will continue in future. It may not be going on at the time of speaking:

• He is learning English.
• My neighbour is writing a novel.

(iii) It is used to describe an action that is planned to take place in the near future:

• I am meeting him tomorrow.
• He is going to England next week.
• They are not coming here on Monday.

(iv) The present progressive tense is used to express disapproval of a persistent habit or something done again and again. We generally use adverbs such as always, constantly, repeatedly, etc:

• She is continually watching movies on T.V.
• He is always doing one mischief or the other.
• He is repeatedly making the same mistakes.
• They are constantly changing their statements.

Note: Verbs of perception and some other verbs are not generally used in the present progressive tense, for example see, smell, hear, taste, know, understand, hate, like, want, wish, etc.

Class 9 Tenses CBSE 

8. Present Perfect Tense
Form:
(i) The present perfect tense has the form ‘have/has +past participle’, be verb + ed/en. Has is used with the third person singular and singular nouns and have is used with plural forms and I, we, you, they.

• She has written this essay.
• I have completed my work.
• They have helped me.

(ii) The negative sentences have the form ‘‘have/has + not’ or haven’t, hasn’t in contracted form.

• We haven’t made any mistake.
• He hasn’t played with us.

(iii) The interrogative sentences have the form ‘have/has + subject’.

• Have you packed your all books?

(iv) negative interrogative sentences are formed by putting have/has before the subject and not after it or haven’t, hasn’t before the subject.

• Have you not finished your homework so far?

Uses of Present Perfect
The present perfect tense is used
(i) to express an action that has been recently completed:

• He has just left the place.
• Our team has won the match.
• She has finished her work.

(ii) for past actions whose time is not given:

• He has been to Agra.
• Has she cooked the lunch?
• I have met him before.

(iii) with adverbs like already, often, recently, yet,

• I have already read this novel.
• He has recently met the Prime Minister.
• She has not replied to my letter yet.

(iv) for an action which began in the past and is still continuing:

• They have lived in this city for a long time. He has been ill since Tuesday.
• I have always helped him.

Tenses For Class 9 Pdf CBSE 

9. Present Perfect Progressive Tense
Form:
(i) The present perfect progressive tense has the form ‘have/has+present participle’ (verb+ing):

• The farmers have been ploughing their fields since morning.
• The children have been playing for the last two hours.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing ‘not ’ after ‘have/has ’ and before ‘been’:

• He has not been doing his work.
• I have not been going there.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by putting have/has before the subject.

• Has he been doing his work?
• Have you been going there?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences have the form : ‘have/has + subject + not’ or ‘haven ’t/hasn ’t+subject’:

• Hasn’t he been doing his work?
• Have you not been going there?

Uses of the Present Perfect Progressive Tense:
The present perfect progressive tense is used
(i) to express an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing:

• It has been raining since morning.
• The farmers have been ploughing their fields since 8 o’clock.
• He has been working for the last two hours.
• She has been teaching for ten years.

(ii) to express an action which has already been finished:

• He has been watering the plants (but is not doing so now).
• She has been working all the day.
• I have been working in the field.

Tenses Class 9th CBSE

10. Simple Past Tense
Form:
(i) The simple past tense is formed by using the past tense form of the verb:

• She sang.
• The children played.
• I wrote a letter.

(ii) The negative sentences have the form ‘did not/didn’t + the main verb ’:

• She did not sing.
• The children didn’t play.
• I did not write a letter.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘did’ before the subject and the base form of the verb after the subject:

• Did she sing?
• Did the children play?
• Did I write a letter?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘did’ before the subject and not’ before the verb:

• Did she not sing? or Didn’t she sing?
• Didn’t the children play?

Uses of the Simple Past:
The simple past tense is used
(i) to indicate an action that was completed in the past. Generally the adverbials of the past time are used:

• I went to Delhi yesterday.
• He wrote a letter to her last week.
• She met us two days ago.

(ii) sometimes without adverbials of time:

• My father congratulated me on my brilliant success.
• Our team won the match.

(iii) for an activity done in the past:

• Satish studied for three hours.
• I swam for half an hour.
• We talked for five minutes.

(iv) to express a habitual or regular action in the past:

• My father always got up at 4 a.m.
• She visited the temple every day.
• He worked in his garden every Sunday.

(v) in conditional clauses:

• If you went there, you should meet him.
• If she worked hard, she would pass.
• If he accepted my advice, he would overcome his difficulty.

(vi) in the indirect form of speech:

• He said, “I work for eight hours every day.”
• He said that he worked for eight hours every day.
• My teacher said, “I pray to God for your success.”
• My teacher said that he prayed to God for our success.

Tense For Class 9 CBSE

11. The Past Progressive Tense
Form:
(i) The past progressive tense has the form ‘was/were + present participle” (verb + ing):

• He was writing a letter.
• The children were playing.
• The girls were singing.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing not between was/were and the present participle:

• He was not writing a letter.
• The children were not playing.
• The girls were not singing.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing was/were before the subject:

• Was he writing a letter?
• Were the children playing?
• Were the girls singing?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by putting was/were before the subject and not before the present participle. In contracted forms, we write wasn’t/weren’t.

• Was he not writing a letter?                                    Were the children not playing?
  Or                                                                                         Or
  Wasn’t he writing a letter?                                      Weren’t the children playing?
  Were the girls not singing?                  Or               Weren’t the girls singing?

Uses of the Past Progressive Tense:
The past progressive tense is used
(i) to express a state or an action that was continuing at a certain point of time in the past. It had begun before that point and was probably continuing after it. We use adverbials of time.

• She was cooking at 8 a.m.
• I was going to college in the morning.
• Was the farmer returning from his fields in the evening?

(ii) to express an action that was in progress in the past:

• He was sleeping.
• She was singing.
• I Was reading a newspaper.

(iii) to express an action in progress at some point of time in the past when another event took place:

• She was watching T.V. when he came.
• He was reading a novel when the door bell rang.
• I was sleeping when my father came from his office.

(iv) to describe two or more actions continuing at the same time:

• While I was bathing, my sister was washing clothes.
• While he was doing homework, his brother was listening to songs.

(v) to indicate a frequently repeated action or persistent habit in the past:

• He was constantly complaining about something or the other.
• She was always finding fault with my work.
• Sohan was always smoking whether at home or in office.

Tenses Exercise For Class 9 CBSE

12. Past Perfect Tense
Form:
(i) The past perfect tense has the form ‘ had+past participle ’.

• He had taken his lunch.
• I had read this book before.
• She had never been to Agra.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing ‘not’ after ‘had’. The contracted form is ‘hadn’t:

• He had not taken his lunch.
• I hadn’t read this book before.
• She had not been to Agra.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by using had before the subject:

• Had he taken his lunch?
• Had I read this book before?
• Had you ever been to Agra?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘hacT before the subject and ‘not’ before the past participle:

• Had he not taken his lunch?
• Had you not read this book before?
• Had you never been to Agra?

Uses of Past Perfect Tense:
The past perfect tense is used:
(i) for an action that had been completed before another action began in the past:

• I had done my work before he came.
• The guests had already left when she reached there.

(ii) to describe an action taking place before a particular time in the past:

• By 2 p.m. all the students had left the school.
• By 6 a.m. he had left for Delhi.

(iii) to describe an action in the past which became the cause of another action:

• The child was crying because the father had beaten him.
• Sonu was weeping because he had lost his bag.

(iv) to describe an action in the past using the time adverbials such as already, since, before, etc:

• He had already left for Ludhiana.
• She had not come here since 1960.
• They had not met each other before.

(v) to express an unfulfilled wish:

• If you had worked hard, you would have passed.
• If they had left early, they would have caught the train.

Class 9 Tense CBSE

13. Past Perfect Progressive Tense
Form:
(i) The past perfect progressive tense has the form “had + been + present participle ’:

• They had been waiting here since morning.
• She had been dancing for half an hour.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by using ‘not’ between ‘had’ and ‘been’ (had not been):

• They had not been doing any work.
• She had not been dancing.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by using ‘had’ before the subject:

• Had they been doing any work?
• Had she been dancing for half an hour?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘had’ before the subject and ‘not ’before ‘been ’:

• Had they not been waiting for us?
• Had she not been dancing for half an hour?

Uses of Past Perfect Progressive Tense:
The past perfect progressive tense is used
(i) to describe an action in the past that had begun and had been going on for sometime before another action took place in the past:

• She had been dancing for half an hour when we reached there.
• The match had been going on for several hours.

(ii) to express a repeated action in the past:

• She had always been asking us for help.
• They had been trying to meet the Prime Minister.

(iii) to describe an action which began before the time of speaking in the past. The action either stopped before that time or continued upto it:

• The farmer had been ploughing since morning.
• The children had been playing for the last one hour.

Tenses Class 9 Notes CBSE

14. Future Time Reference
Future time in English can be expressed in the following ways:
(i) Simple Present Tense
(ii) Present Progressive Tense
(iii) to be/be to
(iv) be about to
(v) be going to.

(i) The simple present tense can be used to express a series of planned actions in the future, specially a journey.

• The meeting starts at 10 a.m.
• He goes to Delhi tomorrow.

(ii) The present progressive tense is used when the planned action for the future is definite.

• They are leaving for Japan next week.
• We are visiting the Taj on Monday.

(iii) To be/be to: ‘To be/be to’ is used to express a necessity or duty or something planned for the future:

• We are to be in the school at 8 a.m.
• I am to attend the meeting at 10 a.m.

(iv) Be about to: ‘Be about to’ may be used to express events or actions which are likely to happen in a very short time.

• The train is about to leave.
• The headmaster is about to come.
• The bell is about to ring.

(v) Be going to: ‘Be going to’ is used to refer to express events or actions that happen in the future as a result of present intention or situation:

• She is not going to give us money.
• Prices are going to rise.
• Do you think it is going to rain?

Note: We generally use the modals ‘shall’ and ‘will’ to express future time.
Form:
(i) The future time is expressed by using ‘shall’ or ‘will’ with the base form of the verb:

• I shall go there tomorrow.
• They will come here in the evening.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing ‘not’ after ‘shall’ or ‘will’’.

• I shall not go there tomorrow.
• They will not come here in the evening.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by putting ‘shall’ or ‘will’ before the subject:

• Shall I go there?
• Will he come here?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences have the form: ‘shall/will + subject + not ’:

• Shall I not go there?
• Will he not come here?

Uses of the Simple Future:
(i) Shall is used with the second and third persons to express determination, promise, intention, etc.

• I shall not apologise, whatever may happen.
• You shall get a reward if you win the race.
• He shall be fined if he does not attend classes.

(ii) Shall is used with the first person to express an offer or suggestion:

• Shall I open the door?
• Which dress shall I wear?

(iii) Will is used with the first person to express willingness, determination, etc:

• I will do it myself.
• I will help you.
• We will never commit such a mistake again.

(iv) The simple future is used to express the speaker’s opinion, for something to be done in the future. We use such verbs believe, know, suppose, think, We also use such adverbs as perhaps, possibly, surely, etc:

• We think he will reach there in time.
• They suppose that he will never help them.

(v) The simple future is used to express habitual action:

• They will abuse you again and again.
• He will go to church daily.

(vi) The simple future is used for an action that is yet to take place:

• I shall help him.
• He will come here tomorrow.

Class 9th Tenses CBSE

15. Future Progressive
Form:
(i)  The future progressive has the form shall/will + be + present participle:

• I shall be doing this work tomorrow.
• He will be going to Delhi tomorrow.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing not after shall/will:

• I shall not be doing this work tomorrow.
• He will not be going to Delhi tomorrow.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing shall/will before the subject:

• Shall I be doing this work tomorrow?
• Will he not be going to Delhi tomorrow?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by putting shall/will before the subject and not before be:

• I Shall I not be doing this work tomorrow?
• Will he not be going to Delhi tomorrow?

Tenses For Class 9th CBSE

16. Future Perfect
Form:
(i) The future perfect has the form: ‘Shall/will + have + past participle ’.

• We shall have reached there.
• He will have done this work.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by putting ‘not’ between ‘shall/will’ and ‘have’:

• We shall not have reached there.
• He will not have done this work.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘shall/will’ before the ‘subject’:

• Shall we have reached there?
• Will he have done this work?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by putting ‘shall/will ’before the ‘subject’ and ‘not’ after it:

• Shall we not have reached there?
• Will he not have done this work?

Uses of Future Perfect:
(i) The future perfect expresses an action that is expected to be completed by a certain time in the future:

• They will have reached the station in half an hour.
• He will have finished his homework by this time.

(ii) The future perfect is used to express the speaker’s belief that something has taken place:

• He will have known the Sharmas.
• She will have read “The Tempest.”

Tense Exercise For Class 9 CBSE

17. Future Perfect Progressive
Form:
(i) The future perfect progressive has the form: shall/will + have + been + present participle:

• She will have been cooking now.
• I shall have been preparing for my examination.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by putting ‘not ’ between ‘shall/will’ and ‘have ’:

• She will not have been cooking now.
• I shall not have been preparing for my examination.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘shall/will’ before the ‘subject’:

• Shall I have been preparing for my examination?
• Will she have been cooking now?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘shall/will ’before the subject and ‘not’ after it.

• Will she not have been cooking now?
• Shall I not have been preparing for my examination?

Uses of Future Perfect Progressive:
The future perfect progressive expresses an action as being in progress over a period of time that will end at some point in the future.

• By next June, I shall have been completing my studies.

Exercise (Solved)

Class 9 English Grammar Tenses CBSE

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

1. The police…………………… four thieves last night, (catch)
2. I was………………………….. food when he came in. (cook)
3. It……………………… since 9 o’clock, (rain)
4. I certainly………………….. my colleague if I had been there, (help)
5. Stars………………….. in the sky at night, (twinkle)
6. All the students………………. the classwork when the teacher came in. (do)
7. Mahesh ……………………. tomorrow from Patna, (come)
8. The patient……………… before the doctor came, (die)
9. I saw that the policemen………………… the thieves, (chase)
10. He is a very rude person, I……………………………….. him. (not help)

Answer:

1. caught
2. cooking
3. has been raining
4. would have helped
5. twinkle
6. were doing
7. will come
8. had died
9. were chasing
10. won’t help

Gooseberries Summary

CBSE Class 9 English Grammar – Determiners

Formulae Handbook for Class 9 Maths and ScienceEducational Loans in India

Determiners Class 9 CBSE

1. Determiner:
‘Determiner’ is a word used before a noun to indicate which things or people we are talking about. The words ‘a’, ‘the‘, ‘my’, ‘this’, ‘some’, ‘many’, etc. are called determiners:

• He is a good boy.
• The boy you met is my friend.
• This novel is very interesting.
• I have some information about the accident.
• There were many people at the station.

All the italicised words are determiners and they limit the meaning of the nouns that follow them.

Determiners For Class 9 CBSE

2. Kinds of Determiners:

Determiners Exercise For Class 9 CBSE

More Resources for CBSE Class 9

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Maths
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 English
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Sanskrit
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 IT
• RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions

Class 9 Determiners CBSE

3. Pre-determiners:
Pre-determiners are the words which occur before a determiner to limit the meaning of a noun:

• All the boys joined the race.
• You will get all the information.
• He drank half of the milk.
• She stayed there all of the time.
• Both the boys were present.
• I paid double the sum for this bed.
• He gets twice the pay that I get.
• It was quite a shock.
• He has rather a pleasant personality.
• He has such a beautiful wife.
• What a mess you have made!

You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc. https://www.cbselabs.com/cbse-class-9-english-grammar-determiners/

Determiners Class 9th CBSE

4. Articles:
The article system in English consists of the definite article ‘the’ and the indefinite article ‘a’ or ‘an’. We can think of nouns in a specific or general way. When we refer to particular people or things or something that has already been mentioned or can be understood, we use the definite article ‘the’. When we refer to singular nouns for the first time, or refer to things in a general way, we use the indefinite article ‘a’ or ‘an’.
➢ The Definite Article ‘The’:
1. We can use the definite article before any common noun:

• He threw the ball into the river.
• The boys were not in the class.

2. We use the definite article to refer to specific persons or things:

• I want to meet the principal in the school.
• The tourists crossed the river in a boat.

3. The definite article is used to refer to the things that are only one in the world:

• The moon and stars were shining in the sky.
• The sun sets in the west.
• The earth revolves round the sun.

4. We use the definite article with the words such as school, university, prison, when we are referring to a particular building:

• They will visit the school on Monday.
• I met him in the university.

5. The definite article may be used with the countable nouns that are used in the singular to refer to things more general:

• If you break the law, you will be punished.
• He played the violin for half an hour.

6. The definite article is used to refer to the parts of the body:

• Smoking is harmful for the lungs.
• He caught him by the neck.
• There was an injury in the right eye.

7. The definite article is used with time expressions:

• I met her in the evening.
• She came here in the morning.

8. We use the definite article before something that has already been mentioned.

• I met a man at the station.
• The man belonged to Tamil Nadu.

9. The definite article is used before a noun that is followed by a relative clause or a prepositional phrase:

• The man I met at the station belonged to Haryana.
• He put the sweater on the table.

10. The definite article is used to refer to familiar things we use regularly:

• She looked at the ceiling.
• Suddenly the lights went out.

11. The definite article is used before dates or periods of time:

• We met on the 15th of October.
• It is a popular music of the 1940s.

12. The definite article is generally used before a noun which is followed by ‘of ‘:

• This led to the destruction of the whole village.
• The burning of houses rendered people homeless.

13. The definite article is used before the names of seas, rivers, deserts, mountains,

• The ship crossed the Pacific Ocean.
• Delhi stands on the banks of the Yamuna.
• The Sahara is a famous desert.
• They came across the Himalayas.

14. The definite article is used before the names of large public buildings:

• They visited the Taj Mahal.
• They went to the Town Hall.

15. The definite article is used before the superlative adjectives:

• He is the best boy in the class.
• She is the most beautiful girl in the school.

16. The definite article is used before adjectives such as rich, poor, deaf, dumb, blind, to use them as nouns:

• The rich and the poor went to the fair.
• We should help the blind.

17. We use the definite article before the nationals of a country or continent:

• The Indians are very religious.
• Some of the Europeans live here.

18. We use the definite article before the names of trains and ships:

• The Rajdhani Express is a very fast train.
• The Queen Elizabeth is a famous ship.

➢ The Indefinite Articles-‘ a’ , ‘ an ’:
The indefinite articles (‘a’, ‘an’) are used when we talk about people in a general or indefinite way.
1. The article ‘a’ is used before the words which begin with consonant sounds and ‘an’ is used before the words beginning with vowel sounds. However, some words start with a vowel letter but begin with a consonant sound. So we use the article ‘a’ before these words:

• He is a European.
• This is a unique idea.
• Theirs is a one-parent family.
• He is teaching at a university.

2. We use an before words which begin with a vowel sound:

• The girl bought an orange.
• He is an Indian.
• He had an umbrella in his hand.

3. Some words begin with a silent So we use an before them:

• He is an honest man.
• He is an heir to the throne.
• I met him an hour ago.

4. We use ‘a’ or ‘an’ before singular countable nouns:

• Kolkata is a big city.
• The dog is an animal.

5. We use ‘a’ or ‘on’ before the names of occupations and professions:

• His father is an engineer.
• He is a pilot.

6. When we use ‘a’ before ‘little‘ and few‘, there is a change in the meaning of these words. ‘A few’ is used with plural countable nouns, and ‘a little‘ with uncountable nouns. ‘Few‘ means not many, while ‘a few‘ means a small number. ‘Little’ means not much, while ‘a little‘ means some:

• Few people visit this temple now.
• I know a few students of this school.
• There is little water in the bucket.
• There is a little milk in the bottle.

7. We use ‘a’, ‘an’ before an adjective in a noun phrase:

• She is a good girl.
• She told me an interesting story.

8. We use ‘an’ with abbreviations beginning with the following letters: A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X (They should have vowel sounds).
For example:

• His father is an M.P.
• He is an N.R.I.
• She got an X-Ray done.

9. We use the indefinite article before certain nouns considered as a single unit:

• She bought a knife and fork.
• The old lady had a cup and saucer in her hand.

Determiners Class 9 Notes CBSE

5. Demonstratives: This, These, That, Those
The demonstrative determiners are used to talk about persons or things that have already been mentioned.
This and These refer to the things that are near and can be seen. ‘That‘ and ‘Those‘ are used to refer to the things that are at a distance but can be seen.

• We lived in this house for four years.
• She bought these books.
• Those boys are very mischievous.
• I like this school.
• I met her this week.

This’ and ‘that’ are used for singular nouns and ‘these’ and ‘those’ for plural nouns.

• Can you lift that box?
• Would you like to buy those books?
• These boys have done their work.
• I have already met that man.

6. Possessives: My, our, your, his, her, its, their. The possessives are used to show possession.

• He is my uncle.
• Our neighbour is a rich man.
• Your daughter is beautiful.
• What is her age?
• What is his name?
• Do you know its value?
• Their house is very big.

Determiners Class 9 Exercise CBSE

7. Ordinals: first, second, next, last, etc.

• The ordinals show what position something has in a series:
• He is the first boy who has joined this school.
• I shall meet him the next week.
• He is the last man to help you.

8. Cardinals: one, two, three, hundred, etc.
Cardinals are ordinary numbers like one, two, three, etc. They show how many of something there are:

• There were only ten boys in the class.
• She lived for eighty years.
• He has two daughters.
• I met three young men at the station.
• He balanced himself on one foot.

Determiners Class 9 Exercises CBSE

9. Quantifiers: much, some, several, a lot of, both, all, etc.
The quantifiers refer to the quantity of things or amount of something.

• There were some people at the airport.
• They had enough guests already.
• Plenty of people would like to have your job.
• All children enjoyed the show.
• They didn’t make much progress.
• There was little water in the jug.
• There is no milk in the bottle.
• It has not made any difference to me.
• There is enough powder in the can.
• He drank a lot of water.
• I have forgotten some of the details.

Determiner Class 9 CBSE

10. Distributives: each, every, either, neither.
Distributive determiners refer to each single member of a group.
1. Each is used when we talk about the members of a group individually and every when we make a general statement. Both are followed by a singular countable noun:

• He met each guest.
• The minister visited every flood-affected area.
• I agree with every word he says.
• Each request will be considered.

Either is used to talk about two things, but usually indicates that only one of the two is involved.

• Either of the two girls should come here.

2. Neither is the negative of either:

• Neither member came to attend the meeting.

3. Either can also mean

• People stood in either side (both sides) of the road.
• Neither is followed by a singular noun.

4. Neither boy said anything.

• Neither answer is correct.

Determiners Class 9 Pdf CBSE

11. Interrogatives: what, which, whose, etc.
The interrogative determiners are used for asking questions:

• What subjects are you studying?
• Which colour do you like the most?
• Whose house is this?

Exercise (Solved)

Determiners Grammar Class 9 CBSE

Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners.

1. books are missing from the library. (Any, Some)
2. She has not solved…………….. sums, (many, any)
3. This book is mine but…………….. is yours, (that, any)
4. ……… boys have done their work. (That, These)
5. He didn’t make……….. progress, (much, many)
6. He has forgotten…………………… of the details, (some, many)
7. The District Magistrate visited…………………. flood affected area, (every, either)
8. ………….. villa is this? (Whose, What)
9. He is the…………… boy who has joined this gym. (first, whose)
10. I met her…………… week, (this, those)

Answer:

1. Some.
2. many.
3. that.
4. These.
5. much.
6. some.
7. every.
8. Whose.
9. first.
10. this.

His First Flight Summary

CBSE Class 9 English Grammar – Modals

Formulae Handbook for Class 9 Maths and ScienceEducational Loans in India

Modals Class 9 CBSE

Modal auxiliaries are verbs such as can, must, could, would, etc. which are used with main verbs to express such ideas as possibility, permission, necessity, obligation, etc.

1. Must and have to:

• Must is used for all persons in the present and future tenses.
• The negative is must not (mustn’t).
• The interrogative form is must I?
• Must has no infinitive and no past tense. It is followed by the infinitive without ‘to’.

You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc. https://www.cbselabs.com/cbse-class-9-english-grammar-modals/

(i) Must is used to express obligation:

• You must obey your parents.
• You must go to school in time.

You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc.

(ii) It is used to express compulsion, i.e. ordering someone to do something because it is necessary or important to do so:

• You must answer all questions.
• You must return by the evening.

(iii) It is used for saying that something is probably true because nothing else seems possible:

• You must be tired after your long journey (inference).
• There must be some mistakes.

(iv) The negative form of must (must not) is used for prohibition:

• You must not come here.
• You must not use the office phone for private calls.

(v) It is used to give emphatic advice:

• She must consult a doctor at once.
• You must work hard if you want to get good marks.

Modals Exercise For Class 9 CBSE

More Resources for CBSE Class 9

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Maths
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 English
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Sanskrit
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 IT
• RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions

Must and Have to/Had to:
Have to, like must, expresses obligation in the present while had to does so in the past. Must expresses an obligation imposed by the speaker. Have to/Had to expresses external obligations—an obligation by some authority or circumstances.

• I must reach there in time (the speaker himself feels so).
• You must reach in time (ordered to do so by some external authority).

Had to is used when describing something belonging to the past.

• He had to go early to catch the train.

These two verbs have the following forms:

Have to and had to have alternative negative and interrogative forms:

For example:
Have you to obey his orders? or
Do you have to obey his orders?                           Had you to work on Sundays?
or
Did you have to work on Sundays?                      Do you have to mind your watch every day?
Did you have to pay customs duty on your watch?

Modals Exercises For Class 9 CBSE

2. Have to/Had to:
(i) Have to expresses obligation and necessity in the present. Had to does so in the past:

• She has to look after her mother.
• He had to finish his work before 5 p.m.

(ii) Have to and had to are used for giving advice:

• First you have to mix the water and the sugar.
• She had to take those pills to get better.

(iii) Have to and had to are used to draw a logical conclusion:

• There has to be some reason for his mischief.
• This has to be a part of the whole plan.

(iv) Have to is used for supposition or to describe something based on possible ideas or situations:

• You will have to work very hard to stand first.
• If she has to choose, she won’t marry him.

(v) Have to is used to indicate that something is very important or necessary:

• We have to be more careful in future.
• They will have to clear all their debts before December.

Modals For Class 9 CBSE

3. Should:
(i) Should is the past tense of shall. In indirect form of speech ‘shall’ changes into should.

• I said, “I shall go to school tomorrow.”
• I said that I should go to school the next day.

(ii) Should is used to express obligation, duty, etc.

• You should look after your old parents.
• You should pay all your taxes.

(iii) Should is used to give advice or suggestion:

• You should consult a doctor.
• She should do yoga exercises daily.
• He should learn English if he wants to get a good job.

(iv) Should is used to express purpose:

• Mohan walked fast so that he should catch the train.
• Satish worked hard so that he should stand first in the class.

(v) Should is used to state imaginary results:

• He should get angry if he had come to know about it.

(vi) Should is used to express polite requests:

• I should be thankful if you give me some money.

Class 9 Modals CBSE

4. Need:
As a modal verb, need is usually followed by an infinitive without ‘to’:

• This is the only thing you need do.

The modal verb need is mainly used in questions and negatives, which are formed without ‘do’: Need I go now? You need not go.
The negative need not is often shortened to needn’t in conversation and informal writing.
Need does not change its form, so the third person singular of the present tense does not end in ‘-s’: He need not go there.
The modal verb need has no past tense. But it can be used in the pattern followed by a past participle:
Need not have/needn’t have

• You needn’t have waited for me.

The negative and interrogative forms of the past tense are:
Did not (didn’t) need and did I need?
In the present and future tenses, the negative and interrogative can be formed in either of the two ways:

(i)  The negative need not expresses absence of obligation:

• They need not send the letter now.
• You need not go. (i.e., It is not necessary for you to go).
• He need not come now.

(ii) Need is used to express obligation or necessity:

• Need I attend the class today?
• Need he solve all the sums?

(iii) Need not + perfect infinitive is used to express an unnecessary action which was performed:

• You needn’t have gone to see the doctor. He was on leave today.
• You needn’t have carried an umbrella as it was not raining.

Modals Class 9 Pdf CBSE

5. Ought
Ought is usually followed by ‘to’ and an infinitive:

• You ought to tell the truth.

It does not change its form so that the third person singular form does not end in ‘-s’:

• She ought to work a little harder.

It can be used as a present, past, or future tense.
The negative is ought not (oughtn’t) and the interrogative is ought I?, Ought you?, Ought he?, etc:

• Ought I do it at once?
• He ought not disobey his teachers.

(i) Ought to is used for expressing what is the right or sensible thing to do, or the right way to behave:

• You ought to get up earlier.
• We ought to exercise daily.
• Teachers ought not smoke before students.

(ii) Ought to is used when we believe strongly or expect that something will happen:

• The Indian team ought to win.
• Satish ought to pass.
• The meeting ought to have finished by 2 o’clock.

(iii) Ought to see/hear/meet, etc. is used for emphasising how good, impressive or unusual something or someone is:

• You ought to see their new house.
• You ought to meet his elder brother.

(iv) Ought to have is used when we realize that we did not do the right thing in the past:

• You ought to have listened to my advice.
• She ought to have taken the money.

Ought, must, have to, and should
Note: Ought is used to express the subject’s obligation or duty. But it indicates neither the speaker’s authority as with must, nor an outside authority as with have to. The speaker is only reminding the subject of his duty. Besides this, he is giving advice or indicating a correct or sensible action.

Ought can be used in exactly the same way as should:

• You ought to/should obey your parents.

Have to and must:

• You have to be regular. (These are the rules.)
• You must obey your teachers. (The speaker insists on it.)
• You have to take this medicine. (The doctor insists on it.)
• You must take this medicine. (The speaker insists on it or It is the speaker’s emphatic advice.)
• You mustn’t drink this, it is poison, (prohibition)
• You oughtn’t smoke so much. (It is not right or sensible.)

Exercise (Solved)

Modals Class 9 Exercise CBSE

Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals:

1. We…………………. obey our teachers, (have to, must)
2. She…………………….. pass this time, (ought to, has to)
3. He……………….. not buy a car. (has to, needs)
4. He works hard lest he…………………. fail, (should, must)
5. Do you……………… cook your own meal? (should, have to)
6. The villagers……………………. use kerosene lamps a few years ago. (must, had to)
7. The old lady……………. take a bath every day before taking meals, (ought to, should)
8. She…………………. finish this work before I go. (has to, must)
9. Ramesh said that they…………… report for duty on Monday, (should, ought to)
10. We…………………….. prepare our lessons well before examination, (ought to, must)

Answer:

1. must.
2. ought to.
3. needs.
4. should.
5. have to.
6. had to.
7. should.
8. must.
9. should.
10. ought to.

The Wreck of the Titanic Summary

CBSE Class 9 English Grammar – Active And Passive Voice

Formulae Handbook for Class 9 Maths and ScienceEducational Loans in India

Active And Passive Voice Class 9 CBSE

1. Voice:
Voice is that form of the transitive verb that shows whether the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action or has the action done to it. For example:
‘Mohan played football.’—This sentence is said to be in the active voice. Here, Mohan is the subject and he is the doer of the action, i.e. ‘played football’. The action of the subject is transferred to the object ‘football’, because Mohan has done something to the ‘football’. The passive voice of this sentence is:

• Football was played by Mohan.

Here the subject is ‘football’ which was ‘object’ in the active sentence. So here something is done to the subject ‘football’, i.e. it suffers the action done by something or someone.

You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc. https://www.cbselabs.com/cbse-class-9-english-grammar-active-passive-voice/

Voice Change Exercise For Class 9 CBSE

More Resources for CBSE Class 9

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Maths
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 English
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Sanskrit
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 IT
• RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions

Active Passive Voice Class 9 CBSE

2. Rules for the Change of Voice:

1. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the verb in the passive voice. The preposition ‘by’ is put
   before it.
2. The main verb of the active sentence changes into the past participle.
3. The form of the verb to be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) is placed before the main verb according to the tense.
   The auxiliary verb is changed according to the new subject in number and person.

Voice Class 9 CBSE

3. Changes in Pronouns:

4. Change in tenses from Active voice to Passive voice:

Voice Change Class 9 CBSE

5. Change of  Voice in the Simple Present:


6. Past Simple Tense

7. Simple Future

Passive Voice Class 9 CBSE

8. Present Progressive

9. Past Progressive

Active Passive Class 9 CBSE

10. Present Perfect Tense

11. Past Perfect Tense

12. Future Perfect Tense

Voice Change Questions For Class 9 CBSE

13. Imperative Sentences
Imperative sentences express command/order, request, suggestion, etc. While changing imperative sentences into the passive voice, we use verbs like advise, request, order, etc.

14. Interrogative Sentence

Class 9 Active And Passive Voice CBSE

15. Modal Auxiliarices
The form of the passive sentences will be: modal + be + past participle:

16. Prepositional Verbs

17. Quasi-Passive

Voice Change For Class 9 CBSE

18. Miscellaneous Examples

Exercise (Solved)

Active And Passive Voice For Class 9 CBSE

Change the following sentences into passive voice.
(i) He has missed the train.
Answer:
The train has been missed by him.

(ii) Do they speak French?
Answer:
Is French spoken by them?

(iii) Was he reading a book?
Answer:
Was a book being read by him?

(iv) Compose this letter.
Answer:
Let this letter be composed.

(v) Where did you buy this pen from?
Answer:
From where was this pen bought by you?

(vi) Who wrote this speech?
Answer:
By whom was this speech written?

(vii) One should respect one’s elders.
Answer:
Elders should be respected.

(viii) I did not praise anybody.
Answer:
Nobody was praised by me.

(ix) He hurt his leg in an accident.
Answer:
His leg was hurt in an accident.

(x) Someone was knocking at the door.
Answer:
The door was being knocked by someone.

The Serang of Ranaganji Summary

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