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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 4 A Shady Plot are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 4 A Shady Plotr.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 4 A Shady Plot

TextBook Questions

Question 1.
Given below is a list of words related to ghosts and ghost stories with their jumbled up meanings against them. Match the words/expressions with their correct meanings :

A.	Apparition	(i) a feeling of anticipation of or anxiety over a future event
B.	Poltergeist	(ii) a reanimated corpse that is believed to rise from the grave at night to suck the blood of sleeping people
C.	Clairvoyance	(iii) a conjurer who expels evil spirits by conjuration
D.	Crystal Ball	(iv) a spelling-board device intended to communicate with and through the spirit world, obtaining answers to questions.
E.	Eerie	(v) beyond the range of normal experience or scientific explanation
F.	Medium	(vi) any of a set of 22 playing cards bearing allegorical representations, used for fortune telling
G.	Transmigration	(vii) a supernatural appearance of a person or thing, a ghost, spectre or phantom          –
H.	Psychic	(viii) so mysterious, strange, or unexpected as to send a chill up the spine
i.	Ouija Board	(ix) the supposed power to see objects or events that cannot be perceived by the senses
J.	Exorcist	(x) a person through whom the spirits of the dead are alleged to be able to contact the living
K.	Premonition	(xi) a globe of quartz crystal in which images, believed to portend the future, are supposedly visible to fortune tellers
L.	Paranormal	(xii) to pass into another body after death: going from one state of existence or place to another
M.	Tarot Card	(xiii) capable of extraordinary mental processes, such as extrasensory perception and mental telepathy
N.	Vampire	(xiv) German word, meaning ‘‘noisy ghost”-a troublesome spirit that announces its presence with unexplainable sounds and the creation of disorder

Answer:
A. (vii)
B. (xiv)
C. (ix)
D. (xi)
E. (viii)
F. (x )
G. (xii)
H. (xii)
I. (iv)
J. (iii)
K. (i)
L. (v)
M. (vi)
N. (ii)

Question 2.
The title of the story is A Shady Plot. The dictionary defines the words as: shady adjective
(а) Full of shade; shaded.
(b) Casting shade: a shady grove.
(c) Quiet, dark, or concealed; hidden.
(d) Of dubious character or of questionable honesty
Answer:
(c) Quiet, dark, or concealed; hidden.

plot noun
(a)

• a small piece of ground, generally used for a specific purpose: a garden plot.
• a measured area of land.

(b) a ground plan, as for a building; a diagram.
(c) storyline-the plan, scheme, or main story of a literary or dramatic work, as a play, novel, or short story.
(d) a secret plan to accomplish a hostile or illegal purpose; a scheme.

Based on the definitions above can you predict what the story will be about? Make a brief note of your prediction in your notebook.
Answer:
(c) storyline-the plan, scheme, or main story of a literary or dramatic work, as a play, novel, or short story.

Question 3.
Based on your reading of the story above, answer the following questions by ticking the correct options.
(a) The narrator earns his living by ……
(i) writing ghost stories
(ii) working as a reader for a magazine
(iii) working as a stenographer
(iv) working as an accountant in a lumber company
Answer:
(i) writing ghost stories

(b) The writer was overconfident about his ability to write ghost stories because ……
(i) whenever magazines wanted a ghost story, they got in touch with him
(ii) he was always able to write a ghost story whenever he had to write one
(iii) the readers appreciated his ghost stories
(iv) he knew the ghost lady would help him write a good ghost story
Answer:
(iii) the readers appreciated his ghost stories

(c) The sight of the ghost materialising in his room filled the narrator with ……
(i) fear
(ii) excitement
(iii) joy
(iv) anticipation
Answer:
(i) fear

(d) The ghost wanted John to
(i) stop his wife from using the Ouija board
(ii) stop using the Ouija board himself
(iii) stop his guests from using the Ouija board
(iv) stop people from using the Ouija board
Answer:
(iv) stop people from using the Ouija board

(e) John wants the ghost to disappear before his wife enters the room and waves his arms at the ghost with something of the motion of a beginner when learning to swim. His movement shows his ………
(i) fear
(ii) amusement
(iii) desperation
(iv) anxiety
Answer:
(iii) desperation

(f) When the narrator says his wife is never so pretty as when she’s doing something she knows he disapproves of, his tone is ……….
(i) amused
(ii) ironic
(iii) angry
(iv) irritated
Answer:
(iv) irritated

(g) The ghost says “It’s all your fault”. ‘It’ here refers to ………
(i) the narrator’s wife’s anger
(ii) the ghost’s anger
(iii) the narrator’s wife leaving him
(iv) the ghost materialising in sections
Answer:
(iii) the narrator’s wife leaving him

(h) Gladolia wishes to leave the narrator’s house as ……….
(i) she does not like the Ouija boards
(ii) she is afraid of the ghost
(iii) she is afraid of magic and hoodoo
(iv) she likes Ouija boards and hoodoo
Answer:
(iii) she is afraid of magic and hoodoo

Question 4.
Answer the following questions briefly :
(a) What genre of stories does Jenkins want the narrator to write? Why?
Answer:
Jenkins wants the narrator to write stories on the supernatural this time. He wants the narrator to do so because that is what the public wants. His stories are interesting and mysterious and his ghosts are propositions.

(b) Does the narrator like writing ghost stories? Support your answer with evidence from the story.
Answer:
The narrator likes writing ghosts stories because a ghost story has been his first fiction. It has changed the narrator with the idea. The idea comes to the narrator out of nowhere when Jenkins wants the narrator to write, the story comes by itself and the narrator is always be able to dig one story.

(c) What makes Helen, the ghost, and her other co-ghosts organize The Writer’s Inspiration Bureau?
Answer:
Helen and her other co-ghosts organise the Writers Inspiration Bureau for which they scout around until they find a writer without idea and with a mind soft enough to accept impression. The case is brought to the attention of the main office and one of them is assigned to it.

(d) Why had Helen, the ghost been helping the narrator write ghost stories? Why was she going on strike? What condition did she place for providing continued help?
Answer:
Helen the ghost had been helping the narrator to write ghost stories because he had always needed ideas and Helen gave them. She was now going on a strike because they were called too often and the people were using Ouija boards as the medium. Helen wanted John to get _t all his friends to stop using the board then only would they start helping them.

(e) How does the ghost undermine the narrator’s faith in his ability to write ghost stories?
Answer:
The ghost thinks that the narrator can not write ghost stories but the ghosts give him the idea. Helen tells him that many a time it is she who has leant on his shoulder when he is thinking hard for an idea.

(f) Why does John want the ghost to disappear before his wife appears on the scene? What impression of his wife’s character do you form from his words?
Answer:
He asks the ghost to leave before his wife comes there, because he doesn’t want her to know his secret, moreover she would be afraid. These words show that his wife is suspicious and jealous.

(g) Why does the narrator hesitate to be a partner to Laura Hinkle during the Ouija Board Party?
Answer:
The narrator hesitates to be a partner to Laura Hinkle during the Ouija Board Party, because the ghost has asked him not to use it, then only she would help the narrator with ideas for ghost stories and Laura Hinkle is also very flirtatious.

(h) What message does the ghost convey to the group that had assembled in the narrator’s house? What is their reaction to the message?
Answer:
The ghost spelt T-R-A-I-T-O-R and then it said H-E-L-E-N. It wants to convey that someone had been trying to communicate with John through Mrs.Hunt’s and Mrs. Sprinkle’s Ouija. Everybody’s gaze turned towards the narrator and he came under the suspicion.

(i) Do you agree with the narrator calling the assembly of women “manipulators” ? Give reasons.
Answer:
The narrator rightly calls the assembly of women manipulators. Lavinia “manipulated” by buying Ouija board but says that it is for John’s research. Laura Hinkle manipulates John by trying to be flirtatious in order to learn working on the Ouija board.

(j) Why is John’s wife angry? What does she decide to do?
Answer:
John’s wife is angry because as John’s hand moves faster and faster on the board, his companion starts to spell out traitor and then it spells. Helen. Miss Hinkle asks Lavinia whether she knows anyone by the name of “Helen”. Miss Hinkle tells her that someone by the name of Helen has been trying to communicate with John. Lavinia gets angry at this and becomes suspicious of John. She decides to leave John and goes back to her grandmother.

(k) Why does John wish he were dead?
Answer:
From different parts of the room other manipulators begin to report. Each of those five Ouija boards is calling John’s name. Lavinia is looking at him through narrowed lids as though he is some peculiar insect. The murmur of conversation rises louder and louder. Miss Hinkle says that John looks sly, he goes straight upstairs and dozes off. In the morning there is no sign of his wife. He has hardly seated himself at the desk as he finds a white slip of paper saying that Lavinia is going back to her grandmother and her lawyer will communicate with John. John reading it cried “I wish I was dead” because he feels sad that his wife is leaving him.

(l) When confronted by Lavinia about his flirtations over the Ouija Board, John insists that ‘the affair was quite above-board, I assure you, my love’. Bring out the pun in John’s statement.
Answer:
Lavinia is getting suspicious⁴ of John with the Ouija board as his Angers seem to stick to that dreadful board. It spells Helen that makes Lavinia suspicious. She says they do not know anyone by the name of Helen. She thinks there is somebody hiding there. Lavinia tells John there is not a bit use trying to deceive her, he is trying to conceal something. It is bad enough to have him flirt over Ouija board with that hussy to which John replies that the affair is quite above board which means that John has nothing to do with Miss Hinkle.

(m) John’s apprehensions about his wife’s reaction to her encounter with the ghost are unfounded. Justify.
Answer:
John thinks if Lavinia sees the ghost, she would react sharply but she doesn’t. A broad satisfied smile spreads over her face “I thought you were Helen of Troy, she murmurs”. The ghost said, “I use to be Helen of Troy, New York and now I’ll be moving along.” Lavinia falls at this.

Question 5.
Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) After her reconciliation with her husband, John Hallock, Lavinia writes a letter to her friend expressing how her relationship with him had almost been on the verge of breaking and what saved it. Write her letter.
Answer:
Dear friend,

I had bought Ouija board and arranged for an Ouija Board Party. My friends sat in couples with a board. There was a squeak of legs heard all around. I paired John with Laura Hinkle who had a flirtatious way. She tried to move her hand over the board and soon it spelt Helen. Then all the five boards echoed the same name. I got annoyed at this and suspected John for I did not know anyone by this name. I planned to leave him and go back to my grandmother. Our marriage was about to break but Helen’s ghost appeared before me and John that made me know the truth. It was all due to the Ouija board. It saved my break with John.

Yours Lavinia

(b) John Hallock reflects upon his experience with Helen’s ghost and in retrospect he finds it quite amusing. All the same he is relieved that he is no longer plagued by it. r Ironically, the self same ghost inspires his creativity and he writes a diary entry reflecting upon the comical aspect of his experience. Write his diary entry.
Answer:
Tuesday 15th may, –
20XX, 10.30 p.m.
Dear Diary
I was thinking of writing a ghost story when suddenly I saw an apparition taking shape in front of me. It named itself as Helen. The ghost told me that these ghosts helped people like us with ideas to write their stories. I imagined it to be something very funny that the ghost and his co-mates were coming up. But it suddenly appeared before me and Lavinia and it had also appeared by the Ouija boards surprising all the women. But the most interesting part that I realised was that the same ghosts inspired my creativity to write a ghost story.

Question 6.
The narrator and his wife reveal something about their character in their words and actions. We also learn about them from what other people say. Can you pick out the words that describe them from the box given below? Also, pick out lines and Instances



Answer:

John Hallock	4. I sat down to write a ghost story.	4. creative
	5. His magazine was only one to print my stuff.	5. protective
Lavinia Hallock	1. Such as my wife’s shopping	1. loves novelty and thrills
	2. Cure her of her tendency to take everv new fad	2. spendthrift
	3. John, whv are vou sitting in the dark?	3. suspicious
	4. Looking as if I were some peculiar insect	4. Jealous

Question 7.
Gladolia, the narrator’s cook, is an African. The language she speaks is different from that of the others. This is known as Dialect. A diqlect consists of words or phrases that reflect the regional variety of a language. An author often uses a regional dialect to make the dialogue more authentic. Initially a dialogue may seem a little difficult to understand. However, as you continue reading, the language will become more comprehensible Working in groups, write what Gladolia’s words mean as shown.

COLUMN A	COLUMN B
A. Misto Hallock	(i) Mister Hallock
B. de Missus	(ii) ………………………………………..
C. sho t’inks you’s lost!	(ii) ………………………………………..
D. she done ‘phone you dis mawnin’	(iv)…………………………………….
E. fo’ de lawd’s sake	(v)……………………………………….
F. not to stop to argify now	(vi)………………………………………
G. I’s gwine t’ quit.	(vii)……………………………………..
H. i don’t like no hoodoos.	(viii)…………………………………….
i. I’se done let’ dis piace	(ix) ……………………………………
J. i is	(x)………………………………………

Answer:

COLUMN A	COLUMN R
A. Misto Hallock	(i) Mister Hallock
B. de Missus	(ii) The Mrs.
C. sho t’inks you’s lost!	(iii) She thinks vou are lost.
D. she done ‘phone you dis mawnin’	(iv) She did not phone vou this morning
E. fo’ de lawd’s sake	(v) For the Lord’s sake
E not to stop to argify now	(vi) Stop to argue
G. Is gwine t’ quit.	(vii) I am also going to quit
H. I don’t like no hoodoos.	(viii) I don’t like
I. I’se done leP dis place	(ix) I will leave this place
J. I is	(x) I am

Question 9.
Read and understand the following ghost phrases and expressions :
(a) To give up the ghost — to die or to stop trying
(b) A ghost of a chance — a poor chance, not likely to happen
(c) The ghost at the feast — something or someone that spoils your enjoyment by reminding you of something unpleasant
(d) Ghost town — a town where most people have left-abandoned and deserted
(e) Ghost-write — to write for someone else
(f) Lay the ghost of something/somebody (to rest) — to finally stop being worried or upset by something or someone that has worried or upset you for a long time
(g) Ghost image — secondary image, esp. one appearing on a television screen as a white shadow, caused by poor or double reception or by a defect in the receiver
(h) the ghost of a smile — faint trace of a smile
(i) As white as a ghost — very pale or white in the face

Now complete the following story by using the appropriate phrases in the blanks given below :

I was alone in a place that bore a deserted look like that of a (a) _____ I increased the pace of my footsteps as I walked through the dark forest. I felt someone walking behind me. I turned immediately and spotted the contour of a figure in the form of a (b) _____ It smiled at me wickedly. I started shaking with fear and perspiring profusely when I felt its skeletal hand upon my neck. I woke up with a start, relieved that it was only a nightmare.

This was not the first time I had had one. It had all started when I had watched the horrendous horror film with an eerie ghost character that had a scary ghost of a smile on its face. It had been almost a month. The strange thing was that I saw a similar face at the station the next morning. That was uncanny.

I was to attend a dinner at my friend’s at Northanger Abbey that night. I had decided to narrate my experience to the group that would assemble there although I knew there was (c) _____ that they would be convinced.

After everyone had finished pouring their drinks to themselves, I cleared my throat and started narrating my spooky experience. However, every one of the group started accusing me of being (d) _____ and held me responsible for spoiling the spirit of revelry. I gave up the ghost and sat quietly waiting for the party to be over. Back at home, the fears returned. I knew I had to talk about my experience to somebody to feel better. I have now decided to (e) _____ and publish my experience under a pseudonym. Only then can I (f) _____

Answer:
(a) ghost town
(b) ghost image
(c) a ghost of a chance
(d) the ghost at the feast
(e) ghost-write
(f) lay the ghost of something

Speaking

Question 10.
Ghosts and haunting have fascinated the public for centuries. Although many doubt the existence of ghosts or other paranormal entities, many people dedicate their lives to searching and recording paranormal activity. Ghost tours, support groups, and research societies, to name just a few, permeate our society and seek to answer questions about paranormal activity.

Interview your friends, relatives and people in your neighbourhood about whether they believe in the existence of ghosts. Ask them to tell you of any specific experiences they might have had in this context. In your groups identify the most fascinating anecdote you gathered on the basis of your interactions. Narrate it to the class.
Answer:
Ghosts, paranormal entities all these sound spooky and give me goosebumps. I interviewed some of imy friends and came to know about their most eerie experiences. However, some of the stories were really scary and I want to share one such story with you. It so happened that one of the my friends was visiting his grandparents’ place by train. It was night-time and there was no one in the compartment except my friend. He took out his sleeping bag and making himself comfortable started reading a book. While reading, he fell asleep. He woke up suddenly on hearing a knock at the door of his compartment that was bolted from inside, the train had halted at a platform. He got down from his berth and opened the door. But there was nobody outside. After bolting the door, he turned and again came a knock, this time louder than before. Suddenly, he recoiled in horror as he saw a small, white icy cold hand coming out of the closed door of the compartment. A strange scraping sound could also be hared that frightened him out of his wits. He shrieked loudly and was about to faint when the train began to move and he came back to his senses. When the T.T. arrived he shared this strange experience with him and was shocked to hear that many people had claimed to have seen the hand. For the rest of the journey, my friend just sat and prayed to God and felt relieved only when he reached his grandparents’ home safely. I also shuddered to hear his account.

Writing

Question 11.
Do you think a story has an atmosphere ? Complete the following blanks to make up your ghost story by choosing the correct options.

A Ghost Story

She opened the (a)…………………………. (secret door/ spaceship’s hatch/door of the cottage/ cemetery gate/ door of the castle/ cockpit) (b)…………………………………. (brashly/ loudly/ silently/ stupidly/ fearfully/ joyously). Standing in front of her was a (c)………………….. (terrifying/ handsome/smelly/ anonymous tiny/ huge/ bossy) …………………. (policeman/ spy/ apparition/ witch/ prince/ wizard) with a …………………. (wand/ rose/rod/ knife/ scythe/coded message) in his/ her (its) …………………. (ghoulish/ bony/ beautiful/ fair/ manly/gloved/ magical) hand.
Answer:
(a) cemetery gate
(b) fearfully
(c) terrifying
(d) apparition
(e) scythe
(f) bony

Now that you have shared a ghost story / anecdote as well as completed a guided story in the class, create your own Ghost story on the basis of the starters given below:
(a) Stephen knew he would never sleep. The noises, those horrid sounds, would keep him awake…
Answer:
Stephen had to shift to a villa btplt in a lonely part of the countryside with his parents. His father worked as a forest ranger in one of the parts of India. There were stories about the place that an apparition haunted the area. The people of the village also believed in this witchcraft. The atmosphere, Stephen found around the place, was uncanny and mysterious. His parents did not believe in all these things. In the evenings they used to hear horrifying sounds and cries from the village. They were told that it was the witch doctor who performed all sorts of things to keep away evil spirits at night.

One night it was cold and wet. The weather seemed to be unpleasant and Stephen found it difficult to sleep. Suddenly in the middle of the night he “woke up by a scratching sound on his windowpane. He looked through the darkness and saw something with a strange shape trying • to open the window, not able to visualise properly he groped for the torch and rushed to his parents room. But they could not find anything. Only the shrill cries of the witch doctor could be heard. Stephen became seriously ill. His father had to shift to the city. But the mystery was still there. People said that on a full moonlit night the village was haunted by a strange figure

(b) Tap, tap, tap. Was it the branches of the nearby tree, or fingernails against the window ?
Answer:
Self attempt

(c) People often say, ‘There’s no such thing as ghosts…
Answer:
Self attempt

You are familiar with the key elements of a short story viz setting, plot, conflict, character and point of view. Given below are specifics to be kept in mind while writing a Ghost story. Also make use of the vocabulary that you have learnt from the story A Shady Plot.

• Colours, sounds, feeling words
• Strong definite characters
• Creating suspense
• Setting the scene and the atmosphere
• Describing the weather
• Clear opening line
• Personal feelings
• Clear ending
• Describing the sounds
• Adding a dramatic element
• Mystery

Answer:
Self attempt

Speaking

Question 12.
While conventional Ghost stories are scary and gruesome, several modern versions are humorous. The Canterville Ghost, by Oscar Wilde, is one of the best ghost stories written in the vein of laughing satire. The story that you just read is another example in case. Humour arises out of the narrator’s ability to laugh at himself, clever use of language as well as comic situations. Discuss within your groups what makes the Shady Plot humorous. Share your views during a whole class discussion.
Answer:
People often say, ‘There’s no such thing as ghosts.’ But ask me and I’ll tell you one such spine- chilling account that will force you to believe in the paranormal visions. My best friend told me this grotesque tale of an old man who could be seen laughing and dancing on full-moon nights in his village. Once he was alone at home as his parents had gone to attend the wedding of a distant relative. It was the month of July and the rain was coming down in sheets. The dogs were howling outside in the streets. He felt shivers of fear down his spine and gathering courage, came out of his room to check if all the doors bolted properly. He heard somebody whispering outside the window and as he peeped out of the misty pane, he saw a spectre laughing wickedly. The sound was shrill and weird and in the darkness, he witnessed the abnormal looking old man dancing weirdly. The wind was howling loudly adding to the atmosphere, an eerie feeling. He let out a loud scream and ran back to his room. Just then, he heard a knock at the door. He crept in the corner but the knocks just didn’t stop. He gathered courage and slowly moved towards the main door. His fears vanished when he heard his parents calling his name. They were relieved to see him safe and assured him that there was nobody outside.

Generally, ghost stories have a kind of spookiness around them. The whole atmosphere is eerie and the ghosts are supposed to frighten people. But ‘The Shady Plot’ is illustrated differently. The setting is the house of the author. The ghosts were similar to human beings. When the author saw something strange taking shape, he was not at all scared rather seemed to doubt his senses into believing that she was a ghost not a real girl. To add to the humour the girl talked about going on strike with other ghosts with whom she had organized ‘The Writer’s Inspiration Bureau. Unlike ghosts she seemed too pathetic when she requested the author to ask his friends and acquaintances stop using the Ouija board. Even funniest was the incident when his wife suspected him of having an iffair with a ghost ‘Helqp’.

Question 13.
Listen to the extract from The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wilde and complete the following tasks as directed.
Answer the following questions :

(a) The Ghost loved the stormy weather because ….. (Complete the statement by ticking the correct option)
(i) he liked the rain
(ii) he liked the strong wind that shook and rattled all the windows and doors in the old house
(iii) his plan would fail otherwise
(iv) such weather was ideal for frightening the people in the house.

(b) The Ghost was particularly angry with Washington and wished to frighten him because ….. (Complete the statement)

(c) The Ghost did not wish to frighten Virginia because ….. (Complete the statement)

(d) The Ghost was most angry with ….. (Complete the statement by ticking the correct option)
(i) Mr and Mrs Otis
(ii) Virginia
(iii) Washington
(iv) The Twins

(e) Write two striking qualities of the Ghost as are revealed in this extract.
(i) ………………………….
Answer:
(a) (iv)such weather was ideal for frightening the people in the house

(b) (i) It was Washington who kept on removing the famous canterville blood stain by using his pinkerten Paragon detergent.
(ii)She has never insulted him and was pretty and gentle.

(c) (iv) The Twins

(d) (i)Scheming : He carefully planned to avenge.
(ii)Determined: He was determined to teach the kids a lesson.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 4 A Shady Plot help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 4 A Shady Plot, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

The Last Leaf Summary

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 3 The Letter are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 3 The Letter.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 3 The Letter

TexBook Questions

Question 1.
Look at the picture of the old man given below :

Working with your partner, note down the feelings of the old man.
Answer:
The old man seems to wait passionately for someone near to his heart.

• His eyes are untiringly looking for somebody.
• He is looking ad and lonely.
• He was looking worried about the well-being of the person he is waiting for.
• His positive reflects his helplessness as well as grief buried deep in his heart

Question 2.
Can you think of reasons for these feelings? Discuss with your partner and note down possible reasons.
Answer:
There can be many reasons behind this gloomy aspect:

• Pain of separation from family.
• Realisation of past mistakes.
• Grief over losing someone dear.
• Loveliness and lack of sympathy.
• Rash and careless attitude resulting in seclusion.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions by ticking the correct options :
(a) Ali’s walking to the Post Office daily even in biting cold weather shows his
(i) courage
(ii) optimism
(iii) foolishness
(iv) strength of will
Answer:
(ii) optimism

(b) The Post Office is referred to as Ali’s “place of pilgrimage” as he
(i) visited it daily
(ii) came there to pray for a letter from his daughter
(iii) went there with faith and hope
(iv) believed God would bless him if he went there
Answer:
(iii) went there with faith and hope

(c) The Post Master’s rudeness to Ali reveals his
(i) lack of empathy
(ii) preoccupation with his work
(iii) preconceived notions
(iv) sensitivity
Answer:
(iii) preconceived notions

(d) Ali did not come to the Post Office for several days as
(i) he had given up hope
(ii) he was upset by the Post Master’s rebuke
(iii) he was unwell and not able to walk to the Post Office
(iv) he was busy hunting
Answer:
(iii) he was unwell and not able to walk to the Post Office

(e) “Tortured by doubt and remorse, he sat down in the glow of the charcoal sigri to wait. ” The Post Master was waiting for
(i) a letter from Miriam
(ii) a letter from his own daughter
(iii) a letter from Ali
(iv) Ali to deliver Miriam’s letter to him.
Answer:
(iv) Ali to deliver Miriam’s letter to him.

Question 4.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) Who was Ali ? Where did he go daily?
Answer:
Ali was an old coachman. He went to the Post Office daily with a hope to get the letter of his daughter Miriam who went away from her father after her marriage.

(b) “Ali displays qualities of love and patience.” Give evidence from the story to support the statement.
Answer:
Undoubtedly, Ali displays wonderful qualities of love and patience. The title of the story itself speaks volumes of his boundless love for his daughter Miriam and his great patience which he shows for obtaining her letter. As the day dawns, he takes his way to the Post Office and sits on the bench in the corner and waits for hours together for the dark to call out his name for getting the letter of his daughter. It has been his daily routine. That fateful day has never appeared when he can receive a letter from Miriam. But this situational truth has neither diminished his love for his daughter nor his patience which he shows in waiting for the letter.

(c) How do you know Ali was a familiar figure at the post office?
Answer:
Ali was familiar figure at the Post Office as all the staff members of the Post Office knew him by face because he came daily to the Post Office. Everybody right from the postmaster to the peon knew and recognized Ali by face. Usually they made fun of him while talking about his abnormal behaviour. They even called him a madman who came daily to the Post Office though he never got a letter.

(d) Why did Ali give up hunting?
Answer:
Ali gave up his passion for hunting simply because he grew old and weak physically in his later days. Though he lost his youthful stamina and energy, yet the instincts of hunting were still present in him. Truthfully, the main and the most important reason for his leaving hunting was his separation from his daughter after her marriage. His loneliness made him realise that real pleasure lies in lovihg dear ones and living with them. Therefore, he stopped killing birds and animals because it causes separation.

(e) What impression do you form of the postmaster after reading the story, ‘The Letter’?
Answer:
As a coin has two sides, the postmaster also appears to have two aspects of his character. In the first half of the story, he seems very hard-hearted and unsympathetic. Even the writers comparison of his face with dull pumpkin reveals the insensitivity of his character but as the story proceeds further and he is put in the same tight corner in which poor old Ali is already husding, a sudden change appears in him. When he gets no information from his ill daughter, he gets maddened with grief and he realizes old All’s agony and craziness to come daily to the Post Office to get his daughters letter. Now his fatherly sentiments rise up to understand the love-lorn soul of Ali. His attitude becomes very sympathetic and kind to Ali.

(f) The postmaster says to Ali, “What a pest you are, brother !” Do you agree with the statement ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
To the postmaster, All appears to be a pest. It is, perhaps, because he comes daily to the Post Office with a hope to get a letter of his daughter. Just as a pest is a constant source of disturbance and torture to human beings in the same way, daily presence of Ali weighs quite heavy on the minds of the postmaster and his subordinates. Otherwise old Ali is neither very aggressive in his actions nor very malignant in his behaviour that he should be called a pest. Later on the hearts of all of them melt in to pity for Ali.

(g) “Ali came out very slowly, turning after every few steps to gaze at the post office. His eyes were filled with tears of helplessness, for his patience was exhausted, even though he still had faith.” Why were Ali’s eyes filled with tears of helplessness ? What had exhausted his patience but not his faith?
Answer:
Ali was not keeping well for many days. His constant sickness deprived him of all his physical strength and stamina. He was also losing hold on his patience on account of his physical ailment and weakness. He knew that it was impossible for him now to make a daily visit to Post Office for getting the letter of his daughter. He also realized that his days were numbered, therefore his eyes were filled with tears. Though his physical infirmities and the shadow of approaching death exhausted his patience, yet they could not crush down his spirits and firm faith that one day his daughters letter would certainly come to him. His faith won because a letter came for him in the end.

(h) “Tortured by doubt and remorse, he sat down in the glow of the charcoal sigri to wait.” Who is tortured by doubt and remorse? Why? What is he waiting for?
Answer:
The heart of the postmaster was almost laden with deep grief and agony. An element of doubt, whether in the early hours of the morning, he saw old Ali or his ghost, also crept up in his mind. He was swaying in s&ite of great confusion mentally and he was deeply agonized at heart on account of his daughter’s illness. He is waiting for both-an information from his daughter to pacify his grief and also for old Ali to reappear to dispel his feeling of doubt which darkened his senses.

Question 5.
The writer carefully builds up an atmosphere of loneliness and grief in the story. Working in groups, pick out words/ phrases from the story that build up the atmosphere. Copy the following table in your notebook and complete it.

Loneliness	Grief
● An old man was walking through the  town, now and again drawing his tattered clothes tighter to shield his body from the cold and biting wind ● his lonely way	● the whole town was wrapped in deathly silence.

Answer:
Loneliness
(a) An old man was walking through the town, now and again drawing his tattered clothes tighter to shield his body from the cold and biting wind.
(b) His lonely way.
(c) Now he understood the meaning of love and separation. He could no longer enjoy the pleasure of hunting and laughing at the bewildered terror of the young Partridges bereft of their parents.
(d) A pitiable figure a century behind his time.
(e) From some houses came the sound of grinding mills and sweet voices of women singing at their work and the sounds helped him along his lonely way.
(f) Although the hunters instinct was in his very blood and bones, such loneliness had come into his life since the day Miriam had gone away.

Grief
(a) The whole town was wrapped in deathly silence.
(b) ………….and for the last five years he had no news of his daughter for whose sake alone he dragged along a cheerless existence.
(c) He reflected deeply and came to the conclusion that the whole universe is built up through love and that the grief of separation is inescapable. And seeing this, he sat down under a tree and wept bitterly.

Question 6.
Complete the table by explaining the following phrases/sentences in your own words :

Phrases/Sentences	Meanings
1. happy memories light up a life that is nearing its close
2. the sounds helped him along his lonely way
3. the cold used sleep to extend its sway over all things even as a      false friend lulls his chosen victim with caressing smiles
4. when the evening of his life was drawing in, he left his old ways  and suddenly took a new turn
5. the whole universe is built up through love and that the grief of  separation is inescapable
6. the post-master, a man with a face as sad and as inexpressive as a Pumpkin, would be seen sitting on his chair inside
7. And so the clerk, like a worshipper of Vishnu, repeated his  customary thousand names.
8. The haughty temper of the official had quite left him in his sorrow  and anxiety, and had laid bare his human heart.

Answer:

1. When the life of a human being is drawing near its end, happy and pleasant memories of one’s earlier life help one in removing the dark shadow of approaching death.
2. In the early hours of dawn when Ali was going to the Post Office, there was no living creature present around him. But he heard the singing of the women who were up early and the grinding noise of hand-mills, barking of dogs, the sound of foot-steps of a work-man.
   All these sound gave him solace and comforted him that he was not all alone.All these sound gave him solace and comforted him that he was not all alone.
3. Just as an unfaithful friend hides his evil designs under a cover of affectionate smiles when he tries to play a dirty and fraudulent game with his friend, in the same way cold weather makes people sleep longer in their comfortable beds forgetting the biting cold and wind.
4. Evening indicates the closing of the day. Many of the activities, din and noise of day-time comes to an end at evening. Ali was growing old. His end was approaching. Therefore, he gave up his sportive passions like hunting and brought a sedateness and steadiness in his life which suited his old age. Now going to the Post Office and waiting for his daughter’s letter became his daily practice. This change came to him at the evening of his life.
5. Ali realized in his later years that it is perseverance, love and compassion that matter not destroying and teasing others. The existence of the entire universe is based on love. It is the element of love which has created the world. Just as the joys of love are essential for the creation of the world, in the same way, pain and grief, caused by separation of dear ones are unavoidable. These are two eternal truths of human life.
6. The writer compares the face of the postmaster with a pumpkin. Just as a pumpkin is hardly attractive and appealing to the eyes, in the same way the face of the postmaster did not reveal any kind of joyful feeling. Only sadness was visible on his face which made the expression of his face quite hard and stony, capable of expressing no emotion.
7. At the time of distribution of letters, the clerk calls out the names of the people whose letters he comes across. This daily practice of the clerk is compared with the mode of worship adopted by a worshipper of Vishnu. The writer means to say that worshipper of Vishnu calls out various names of Vishnu while he offers prayers to his sacred deity.
8. The postmaster, who was the incharge of the Post Office, was very haughty and rude in the beginnning. Later on, when his daughter fell ill and he received no information from his sick daughter, his heart was afflicted with deep grief and agony. Now his fatherly instinct compelled him to express his painful feeling and he realized miserable condition of old Ali.

Listening Task

Question 7.
Now you are going to listen to an article about the break-up of the Joint Family system in India.
As you listen to the passage complete the boxes given below.

Answer:
Causes of neglect of the elderly:

(i) Diminishing concept of joint family
(ii) Pressure of modern life
(iii) Poor financial condition and job prospects
(iv) Individualistic aspirations of the younger generation

Writing Task

Question 8.
Tortured by doubt and remorse, the postmaster sits in the glow of a charcoal sigri that night, waiting for news of his daughter. As he sits, he writes his diary.

As the postmaster, write a diary entry in about 150 words outlining your feelings about the day’s events.
Answer:
Tuesday, 15th May 20XX
10:30 p.m.

Today I am filled with shame and guilt for my rude behaviour towards Ali, a poor father. Ali used to come to the Post Office daily to enquire about a letter from his daughter. Everybody laughed at him and made fun of him. I was no exception. I also insulted him and called him a pest. Today, when my own daughter is not well and I am waiting for some news from my daughter, I realise the pain, agony and suffering of Ali. I understand his fatherly concern for his daughter. I am filled with remorse and repentance for fny inhuman behaviour towards Ali. In the mail, while searching for my daughters letter, I found Miriams letter. Poor Ali had been waiting for this letter for so long. I have taken that letter and I wish to give.that letter to Ali with my own hands as soon as he reaches the Post Office. I would repent for my misbehaviour by asking forgiveness from Ali. Ali s heart and soul lie bare before me.

Speaking Task

Question 9.
(a) The postmaster believes that he saw Ali. What do you think ? Discuss with your partner and present your views in front of the class.
(b) The postmaster was anxiously waiting for his ailing daughter’s news. On not getting any news he visits his daughter’s town. Now construct a dialogue between the postmaster and his daughter and enact it.
Answer:
(a)  The story was really interesting as well as touching. It has taught us a very wonderful lesson i.e. to value the sentiments of others and feel love and show patience for one another. The postmaster realized his mistake, but too late. He found himself in the same situation as Ali’s and his fatherly sentiments rose up to understand Ali’s state of mind. On getting Ali’s letter, he realized the truth of Ali’s anxiety and agony and wanted to hand over the letter to him. I think his belief that he saw Ali, stemmed from his conscience that was eager to break out the news of getting Ali’s letter to him. In my opinion, that was a hallucination.

(b) The postmaster knocks at the door. His daughter opens the door and is surprised to see her father. Tears of joy came into her eyes.
Daughter: Oh! Father. How happy I am to see you here. Come Inside.
Postmaster:     (Hugs his daughter) How are you, my child? I was very worried about you. You didn’t even write a letter to tell me about your well-being.
Daughter:  Father, I am very sorry. I can understand your feelings. But I didn’t want to disturb you further by telling you about my illness.
Postmaster:     (In a complaining tone) Atleast, you could have written a letter just to say that you are well.
Daughter: I wanted to come and spend a few days with you.
Postmaster:     (with joy) Really! Then what are you waiting for? Pack your things and I’ll ask your in-laws to send you with me. I am sure they will not object.
Daughter:  Of course not. I am going to get something to eat for you; then I’ll get ready to go home.
(Responses may vary)

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 3 The Letter help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 3 The Letter, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Mending Wall Summary

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger

TexBook Questions

Question 1.
Why do people hunt? Complete the web chart giving various reasons for the same :

Answer:

Question 2.
Read these lines and guess the answers to the questions given below :
It was Mrs. Packletide’s pleasure and intention that she should shoot a tiger … The compelling motive … was the fact that Loona Bimberton had recently … personally procured tiger-skin and a heavy harvest of Press photographs could successfully counter that sort of thing.

(a) Why did Mrs. Packletide want to kill a tiger?
Answer:
Mrs. Packletide wanted to kill a tiger for pleasure and to compete with her friend Loona Bimberton who had procured a tiger-skin and gained great popularity.

(b) What does it tell you about her?
Answer:
She wanted to shoot a tiger as she was jealous of her friend and wanted to gain popularity.

(c) What is the tone of the storywriter?
Answer:
The tone of the story writer is humorous.

(d) Do you think she was successful in her mission?
Answer:
Yes she was successful in her mission.

(e) What do you think the story is all about?
Answer:
The story is about hunting a tiger for pleasure and popularity.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in your own words :

(a) Why did Mrs. Packletide wish to kill a tiger?
Answer:
Mrs. Packletide wished to kill a tiger because her friend had procured a tiger-skin so she was jealous and wanted popularity for herself.

(b) What made her decide to give a party in Loona Bimberton’s honour? What did she intend to give Loona on her birthday?
Answer:
She decided to give a party in Loona Bimberton’s honour for she wanted to show her a tiger skin rug and feel proud. She intended to give a tiger-claw brooch to Loona on her birthday.

(c) How was the tiger shooting arranged ? What kind of a tiger was chosen for the purpose?
Answer:
Mrs. Packletide offered a thousand rupees to the villagers to help to shoot a tiger. A platform was constructed in a comfortable and convenient place in a tree where Mrs. Packletide sat with her rifle and her paid companion Miss Mebbin. An old and feeble tiger was chosen for the purpose.

(d) In what way did the villagers help Mrs. Packletide shoot the tiger?
Answer:
The villagers arranged for an old tiger, children were told to head the tiger back in the local jungle, cheaper kind of goats were-left to keep him satisfied. Mothers were made to keep their babies quiet so as not to disturb the animal.

(e) Who was Miss Mebbin ? Was she really devoted to Mrs. Packletide ? How did she behave during the tiger shooting?
Answer:
Miss Mebbin was Mrs. Packletide’s paid companion. No she was not really devoted to Mrs. Packletide. She made fun of the shooting and said that it would be useless to pay for the tiger if he didn’t touch the goat.

(f) Mrs. Packletide was a good shot. Discuss.
Answer:
Mrs. Packletide shot at the tiger. The tawny beast sprang to one side and rolled over dead. Miss Mebbin drew attention that the goat had been killed by the bullet, while there was no trace of a bullet wound on the tiger’s body. The wrong animal had been killed and the tiger died due to heart failure caused by the sudden sound of the rifle.

(g) What comment did Miss Mebbin make after Mrs. Packletide had fired the shot ? Why did Miss Mebbin make this comment ? How did Mrs. Packletide react to this comment?
Answer:
Miss Mebbin said “How amused everyone would be if they knew what really happened”. She made this comment to make fun of Mrs. Packletides shooting. Mrs. Packletide said that no one will believe it. As soon as the tiger died, the villagers came shouting excitedly for they were happy to get their money.

(h) How did the villagers react to the tiger’s death?
Answer:
The villagers shouted happily. How the tiger was killed did not matter to them. They were only excited to get ? 1000.

(i) Do you think Mrs. Packletide was able to achieve her heart’s desire ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Mrs. Packletide was able to achieve her hearts desire. She got popularity. Her pictured fame reached from the pages of Texas Weekly Snapshot to the illustrated Monday supplement of the Novoe Vremya.

(j) How did Miss Mebbin manage to get her week-end cottage 1 Why did she plant so many tiger lilies in her garden?
Answer:
Miss Mebbin tried to blackmail Mrs. Packletide by not letting out the secret if she would get a week-end cottage instead. She planted many tiger-lilies in her garden to remind Mrs. Packletide about the big game shooting.

(k) “The incidental expenses are so heavy”, she confides to inquiring friends. Who is the speaker ? What is she referring to here?
Answer:
The speaker is Mrs. Packletide. She is referring to the game of hunting.

Question 4.
Discuss the following questions in detail and write the answers in your notebooks :

(a) Do you think the tiger shooting organized by the villagers was a serious affair ? Give f reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The tiger shooting organised by the villagers was a serious affair because Mrs. Packletide had offered a thousand rupees for the opportunity of shooting a tiger without taking much risk. A neighbouring village was chosen for the game killing. The idea of earning a thousand rupees had egged on the villagers. They had posted their children at the borders of the local jungle to head the tiger back to the village so that it may not go to some fresh hunting grounds.

Mrs. Packletide was compelled to do this as the idea of her friend Loona Bimberton boasting of her personally procuring a tiger-skin and popularity of the press photographs could not be digested. Mrs. Packletides movements and motives were largely governed by the dislike of ‘ Loona Bimberton.

Cheaper kind of goats were left about in a great number to keep the tiger satisfied. All precautions were taken so as not to drive the tiger away. A platform was constructed in a conveniently placed tree. Mis. Packletide even paid her companion Miss Mebbin to accompany her to the shoot. For the villagers it seemed to be a serious affair for as soon as the rifle flashed and the beast rolled over dead, a crowd of excited natives came to the place shouting happily and carried the news to the village. They were anxious for their thousand rupees. Mrs. Packletide faced the cameras with a light and a happy heart.

(b) Do you think the writer is trying to make fun of the main characters in the story i.e. Mrs. Packletide, Miss Mebbin and Loona Bimberton ? Pick out instances from the story that point to this fact.
Answer:
This story is full of humour. The writer has tried to make fun of the society through the characters of the three women in the story. The competitive and jealous nature of Mrs. Packletide motivated her to game killing because her friend Loona Bimberton had procured a tiger-skin and procured press photographs. Mrs. Packletide had even offered a thousand rupees for this game without taking any risk and faced the cameras happily showing that she had killed that beast but the fact was the tiger had died of heart failure due to the loud sound of the rifle.          ‘

Miss Mebbin was hired by Mrs. Packletide to accompany her to the game, she had a protective attitude towards money and was greedy. She even made fun of Mrs. Packletide by saying “If it is an old tiger you ought to get it cheaper”. Louisa Mebbin had blackmailed Mrs. Packletide into buying her a pretty cottage for not letting out the secret that the wrong animal had been killed. The writer makes fun of Mebbin that she had named her cottage as “Les Fauves”.

Loona Bimberton has been presented as a shrewd person with a spiteful nature. She had boasted about the tiger-skin but had refused to look at the illustrated paper for weeks for it contained the pictures of Mrs. Packletide with her hunted tiger. Her emotions seemed to be repressed as she wrote the letter of thanks for the gift of a tiger claw-brooch. The writer has tried to make fun of three women who tried in their own way to get popularity.

(c) A person who is vain is full of self importance and can only think of himself / herself and can go to great lengths to prove his / her superiority. Do you think Mrs. Packletide is vain ? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer:
Mrs. Packletide is a vain. It was not because of her pleasure that she should shoot a tiger nor the lust came upon her. But her friend Loona Bimberton boasted about getting a tiger skin and facing the cameras had made Mrs. Packletide envious of her friend. The urge to face the camera herself forced her to offer a thousand rupees for the chance of shooting a tiger without much effort. She was competitive in nature which made her arrange for the shoot. She had already arranged a lunch in honour of Loona Bimberton and even planned to give her a tiger claw-brooch. She wanted to show her superiority by herself shooting a tiger so that she should also face the camera. She tried to go to any lengths to prove this. She arranged for a paid companion to accompany her for the shooting. All possible efforts were made to make it a success. Even though the wrong animal was killed she faced the camera boldly with the dead tiger to prove her courage.

(d) Sometimes writers highlight certain negative aspects in society or human beings by making fun of it. This is called satire. In your groups discuss whether you would classify this story as a satire. Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer:
The writer has used satire in the story. He has made fun of the characters in the story to bring out the satire. Mrs. Packletide is a shrewd and competitive person, she becomes jealous of her friend when she comes to know that Loona Bimberton has got a tiger-skin and faced the press and procured photographs. She too out of her pride arranges to shoot a tiger. She goes to the length of offering money to the villagers. An old tiger is lured by cheaper goats.

The writer uses satire to make fun of the society that would do anything in order to become famous as portrayed by Mrs. Packletide. The other side of the greedy society is reflected by Miss Mebbin. She is a greedy lady who blackmails Mrs. Packletide to buy her a cottage so that she would not give away the secret of the wrong animal being killed. The villagers represent another group of the society who are also greedy for money. For them money mattered more than the animal that was shot, whether it was the goat or a tiger.

(e) How does the writer create humour in this story ?
Answer:
The story is full of humour. Mrs. Packletide arranges for the shooting. The funniest part is that a weak tiger is arranged and cheaper goats are left to lure him. Mrs. Packletide is not a good shooter but a platform is constructed in a tree and she sits there with a rifle a thumb- nail pack of patience cards. The funniest part is as soon as the tiger caught sight of the goat it lay flat on the earth, seemingly less from a desire to take advantage of and attack its prey.

The rifle is shot with a loud bang and the great beast springs to one side and then rolls over dead. Miss Mebbin makes fun of Mrs. Packletide by bringing out the fact that the wrong animal had been killed. The bullet had hit the goat but the tiger had a heart failure because of the loud noise of the rifle. The villagers shouted happily for they were only anxious for their thousand rupees and gladly connived at the fiction that she had shot the tiger. Mrs. Packletide faced the cameras happily and her pictured feme reached the pages of Texas Weekly Snapshot.

Question 5.
Choose extracts from the story that illustrate the character of the people listed in the table given below. There are some words given to help you. You may add words of your own. One has been done as an example :

vain jealous competitive shrewd manipulative stingy materialistic spiteful

Answer:
Mrs. Packletide
(i) Competitive
(ii) Shrewd
(iii) Proud

Louisa Mebbin 
(i) Materialistic
(ii) Greedy
(iii) Humorous
(iv) Satirical

Loona Bimberton    
(i) Spiteful
(ii) Jealous

Question 6.
There are many amusing lines in the story. Here are a few of them. Rewrite each one in ordinary prose so that the meaning is retained. One has been done for you as an example:
(a) It was Mrs. Packletide’s pleasure and intention that she should shoot a tiger.
Mrs. Packletide wanted to shoot a tiger
(b) Mrs. Packletide had already arranged in her mind the lunch she would give at her house in Curzon Street, ostensibly in Loona Bimberton’s honour, with a tiger-skin rug occupying most of the foreground and all of the conversation.
(c) Mothers carrying their babies home through the jungle after the day’s work in the fields hushed their singing lest they might curtail the restful sleep of the venerable herd-robber.
(d) Louisa Mebbin adopted a protective elder-sister attitude towards money in general, irrespective of nationality or denomination.
(e) Evidently the wrong animal had been hit, and the beast of prey had succumbed to heart-failure, caused by the sudden report of the rifle, accelerated by senile decay.
(f) As for Loona Bimberton, she refused to look at an illustrated paper for weeks, and her letter of thanks for the gift of a tiger-claw brooch was a model of repressed emotions.
Answer:
(b) Mrs. Packletide had planned to give a lunch at her house in Curzon Street in honour of Loona Bimberton showing everyone the tigers skin rug hat she had.
(c) In order not to disturb the tiger, mothers tried to keep their babies quiet.
(d) Louisa Mebbin cared a lot for money irrespective of anything.
(e) Mrs. Packletide hit the wrong animal and the tiger died of heart failure because of the loud noise of the rifle.
(f) Loona Bimberton was jealous to see Mrs. Packletide with the dead tiger. She unwillingly wrote a letter of thanks to her for the gift of a tiger-claw brooch.

Question 7.
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines normally-contradictory terms. The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective-noun combination of two words like—failed success.

Writers often use an oxymoron to call attention to an apparent contradiction. For example, Wilfred Owen’s poem The Send-off refers to soldiers leaving for the front line, who “lined the train with faces grimly gay.” The oxymoron ‘grimly gay’ highlights the contradiction between how the soldiers feel and how they act: though they put on a brave face and act cheerful, they feel grim. Some examples of oxymorons are—dark sunshine, cold sun, living dead, dark light, almost exactly etc.

The story ‘Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger’ has a number of oxymorons. Can you identify them and write them down in your notebooks?
Answer:
Oxymorons : morbid dread, sympathetic hands, laud report, glad news, pardonably annoyed, disagreeably pleasant, gladly connived.

Writing Task

Question 8.
(a) Years later Mrs. Packletide writes her autobiography. As Mrs. Packletide, write about the tiger episode with the help of the clues given below.

Answer:
My friend Loona procured a tiger skin and so she got all the honour at the press. I was jealous of her and thought of getting a tiger skin myself. I asked the villagers to make all the arrangements for killing a tiger and agreed to pay them one thousand rupees. I forced my friend Mebbin to accompany me for the hunt. We both sat on a platform placed in a tree. I pointed my gun at the goat tied under the opposite tree. As soon as the tiger approached clumsily, I shot at him. It sprang on one side and fell down dead. The villagers shouted with joy. But Mebbin told me that instead of eating the goat, the tiger had died due to the loud sound of the bullet. I had missed the aim, Mebbin was cunning to blackmail me in buying her a summer cottage that she so much desired for not letting out the secret of the hunt. I was able to get the tiger skin but had to pay a huge price to outdo a rival.

(b) In groups of four construct the dialogues and enact the following situations from the story :

1. Mrs. Packletide and the headman of the village/other villagers discussing the details of the tiger shooting.
2. Miss Mebbin blackmailing Mrs. Packletide into gifting her a cottage.
3. Loona Bimberton and a lady-friend discussing Mrs. Packletide’s hunting success.

Answer:

1. Mrs. Packletide : “I wish to shoot a tiger and I am sure this area is the most suitable place.” The village headman: “We can help you in the hunting, but it is not an easy job.” Mrs. Packletide “I will pay for the tiger”.
   A villager: “we agree, but you will have to pay us one thousand rupees. We will surely arrange for a tiger and make all other arrangements.”
   Mrs. Packletide: “I am ready to pay the amount.”
2. Miss Mebbin: “If you want me not to let out the secret, that the wrong animal was killed, then you have to buy me a summer cottage, which I so much desire.”
   Mrs. Packletide: “I’ am sure you would not let me down. I will pay for the cottage.”
3. Loona Bimberton : “I cannot believe that Mrs. Packletide killed a tiger.” I don’t want to see the weekly.
   A lady friend: “But I’m sure she did shoot.”

Listening Task

Question 9.
Listen to the passage on lion hunting and answer the questions given below :

1. The Maasai tribe in Africa hunt lions because
(i)  they live near the forests of Africa
(ii) they view it as a sign of bravery and personal achievement
(iii) they are a hunting tribe
(iv)they adorn their bodies with body parts of the lion.
Answer:
(ii) they view it as a sign of bravery and personal achievement

2. Solo hunting has been banned because
(i) it is dangerous
(ii) of the declining lion population
(iii) too many hunters have been killed
(iv) it creates pride in the minds of the successful hunters.
Answer:
(ii) of the declining lion population

3. The hunting of lionesses is discouraged because
(i) they bear the cubs
(ii) they run much faster
(iii) they are more fierce
(iv) they cannot be spotted easily.
Answer:
(i) they bear the cubs

4. The Maasai warriors chase a lion with rattle bells to
(i) awaken it
(ii) make it run faster
(iii) make it angry
(iv) frighten it.
Answer:
(iv) frighten it.

5. The Maasai use three parts of the lion. They are
(i) the mane, tail and claws
(ii) the mane, nails and claws
(iii) the mane, tail and nails
(iv) the whiskers, tail and claws.
Answer:
(i) the mane, tail and claws

6. The tail is given to
(i) the strongest warrior
(ii) the fastest warrior
(iii) the youngest warrior
(iv) the bravest warrior.
Answer:
(i) the strongest warrior

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

The Pie and the Tart Summary

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 1 Two Gentlemen of Verona are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 1 Two Gentlemen of Verona.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 1 Two Gentlemen of Verona

TextBook Question

Question 1.
What are the qualities of a “gentleman”? Work with your partner and complete the following web-chart by listing the qualities of a gentleman.

Answer:
Following are the qualities found in a gentleman :

• courteous
• polite
• considerate
• honest
• sincere
• caring and loving

A gentleman, indeed, has consideration for others and their feelings. He never hurts anybody deliberately. He is honest in his dealings with others and behaves well in trying circumstances.

Question 2.
Based on your discussion above, what do you think the story is about?
Answer:
The story is about human love, mutual understanding and sincerity. It teaches us that we should be courteous and considerate towards others. We should care for others and work not only for ourselves but also for the happiness of others. We should be honest and hard working.

Question 3.
Based on your reading of the story answer the following questions by ticking the correct options.

1. The driver did not approve of the narrator buying fruit from the two boys because
(a) the boys were untidy and poorly dressed
(b) the strawberries were not fresh
(c) they were asking for a heavy price
(d) the driver did not approve of small boys who worked
Answer:
(a) the boys were untidy and poorly dressed

2. The narrator was most impressed by the boys’
(a) desire to earn money
(b) willingness to work
(c) ability to perform many tasks
(d) sense of fun
Answer:
(c) ability to perform many tasks

3. Nicola was not pleased when Jacopo asked the narrator to drive them to Poleta as he
(a) did not want a stranger to become involved with their plans
(b) preferred going to Poleta by train so that he could enjoy the scenery
(c) did not want to ask anyone for favours
(d) did not want to take help from someone he did not know well
Answer:
(a) did not want a stranger to become involved with their plans

4. The narrator did not go inside Lucia’s room as
(a) he did not want to intrude into their privacy
(b) he thought that the boys would object
(c) Lucia would not welcome a stranger
(d) the boys would feel he was spying on them
Answer:
(a) he did not want to intrude into their privacy

5. The boys were the first to join the resistance movement against the Germans because
(a) the Germans had hurt their sister
(b) the Germans ruled the city
(c) the Germans had ruined their family
(d) the Germans had destroyed their home
Answer:
(c) the Germans had ruined their family

6. The author did not speak to the boys on their return journey because
(a) he thought the boys would prefer to keep their secret
(b) he thought the boys were ashamed of their sister’s condition
(c) he thought they wouldn’t tell him the truth
(d) he thought the boys might ask him for money for their sister
Answer:
(a) he thought the boys would prefer to keep their secret.

Question 4.
What do you understand by the following statements?
(a) “We do many things, sir,” Nicola answered seriously. He glanced at us hopefully.
Answer:
When the narrator let out his misconceived notion about Nicola and Jacopo that selling and picking of fruits was their only source of income, Nicola tried to correct him. He told him, that they did many things like taking the visitors to the places of interest in Verona like Juliet s Tomb. A hope of getting more business from the writer revived in his heart and his eyes gleamed hopefully. The narrator noticed this fact fully well.

(b) He coloured deeply under his sunburn, then grew pale.
Answer:
The narrator asked Nicola that they worked very hard and earned enough money but neither they spent it on clothes nor on good food then what actually they did with their money. On hearing the words of the narrator, Nicola blushed red with anxiety and confusion and his brownish sun-burnt complexion made it quite apparent to the eyes of the narrator and then suddenly his face became pale as he feared that now their secret that they saved. money for the medical treatment of their sister who was suffering from tuberculosis of the spine, was at the verge of being leaked out.

(c) He smiled uncomfortably. “Just plans, sir,” he answered in a low voice.
Answer:
The narrator asked Nicola whether they were saving money for migrating to America to have a better life. On hearing this, Nicola told him that they had som e other plans. When the narrator wanted to know specifically that what plans they had, Nicola tried to evade him simply by saying ‘just plans’ because he did not want to tell narrator that they save money for getting their sister cured off tuberculosis of the spine in the ho spital at Poleta.

(d) Yet in both these boyish faces there was a seriousness which was far beyond their years.
Answer:
The narrator was deeply impressed by the childish and artl ess expression of the faces of Nicola and Jacopo. They appeared to him to be very innocetc and simple. But he also noticed a seriousness on their feces which could never be found on the faces of the children of their age. The narrator means that in their looks and age, they were innocent children but in their thinking and actions they appeared to be quite mature. The seriousness which maturity brings on the faces of responsible elderly persons was present on faces of these two small boys aged thirteen and twelve.

Question 5.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(а) Why didn’t Luigi, the driver, approve of the two boys?
Answer:
Luigi, the driver, did not approve of the two boys because they had shabby appearance.

(b) Why were the narrator and his companion impressed by the two boys?
Answer:
Their innocent and courteous behaviour impressed the narrator and his companion.

(c) Why was the author surprised to see Nicola and Jacopo working as shoeshine boys?
Answer:
The author was surprised to see Nicola and Jacopo working as shoeshine boys because he thought that they earned their living by fruit-picking.

(d) How were the boys useful to the author?
Answer:
The boys arranged American cigarette packs and tickets of opera for the writer. They could also tell the names of good restaurants.

(e) Why were the boys in the deserted square at night? What character traits do they exhibit?
Answer:
The boys were present in the deserted square at night because they were waiting for the last bus from Padua to sell newspapers to the passengers who dismounted the bus. This incident throws light on their characters. The boys were very hard-working and always willing to find and do work for earning money.

(f) The narrator asks the boys, “Must you work so hard? You both look rather tired.” The boys reply, “We are not complaining, sir. ” What do you learn about the boys from their reply?
Answer:
The reply of the boys shows their spirit of self-resignation and willingness to work hard. It shows that they were not working under compulsion but of their sweet will. It appears as if they had set an aim before them and the achievement of that goal was their sole concern.

(g) When the narrator asks the boys about their plans, they are evasive. Why don’t they disclose their problems?
Answer:
The boys, specially Nicola, happens to be very evasive when the narrator asks them about their plans. It is simply because they do not want to share their secret plans with strangers. It is quite likely that their sense of self-respect prevents them from becoming an object of pity.

Question 6.
Discuss the following questions and write the answers in your notebook.
(a) Appearances are deceptive. Discuss with reference to the two boys.
Answer:
This statement is true to a large extent in the case of the boys. The boys appeared to be quite dirty and clumsy in their shabby and ill-fitted clothes. But their poor appearances hid personalities which were very rich in human values and gentlemanly qualities. As the story proceeds further, their qualities are revealed to us one by one. Their shabby appearances also deceived Luigi, the driver of the narrator, at first. All the incidents and events which are described by the writer quite clearly remove the layers of deception. We come to know about their hard-working nature. Day and night they liked to work for earning money not because they were greedy and mercenaries but because they needed enough money for the medical treatment of their sister, Lucia who was suffering from tuberculosis of the spine. Clean and tidy hospital, the small cubicle of Lucia with a vase of flowers, dish of fruits and a pile of books, reveal the loving care with which they looked after their sister. They spent only a meagre sum of money on black bread and figs which they ate only to keep themselves alive. The major portion of their earning was spent on the medical treatment of their sister. They may be shabby and dirty in appearance but their actions and intentions were not dirty. Rather they appeared to be shining gems of humanity.

They symbolise human love, spirit of sacrifice, complete dedication to ones cause, mutual trust and a great sense of honesty and sincerity, very rare to be found at a time when the war had dried up all fountains of human values and completely destroyed moralistic oudook.

(b) Do you think the boys looked after Lucia willingly ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Undoubtedly the boys, Nicola and Jacopo, looked after Lucia willingly. We see them working very hard day and night. They were always willing to work. Whatever job came their way, they picked it up without hesitation. They sold strawberries, they shined shoes, they hawked newspapers, they acted as guides and they earned sufficient money. But we never see them spending that money on their personal pleasures. They spent only a meagre sum on black bread and figs. Even the writer made a guess that they must be saving money for migrating to America to have a better life. But no, later on, we come to know that they spent a major portion of their money on medical treatment of their sister, Lucia who was suffering from tuberculosis of the spine. The entire picture of the hospital and the information given by the nurse reveal the truth that they looked after their sister willingly. They paid hospital dues regularly without being a defaulter. They visited their sister at Poleta every Sunday. They covered the distance of 30 kilometres from Verona to Poleta on hired bicycles. They did not do all this under any compulsion or obligation. They loved their sister and cared for her. This emotional bond of love and mutual trust furnished them with a spirit of sacrifice and dedication to their noble cause. Thus, they looked after Lucia willingly.

(c) How does the story ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’promise hope for society ?
Answer:
The story Two Gentlemen of Verona has been written in the background of post-war time. Second world war was over. The Germans destroyed towns and cities along with a general massacre. The furies of war dried up all springs of human love, kindness and faith. But in . this story, we find that flame of human love and sacrifice is kept burning by two boys whose lives were darkened by the blackout of war. They lost their father, their house and their happiness. But it is evident that war tortured them not only physically but their interior, ’ their heart and spirit ^lso did not remain untouched by evils of war.

Furies of war make men selfish, cruel, inconsiderate and inhuman. But here we see the two boys working hard to earn money, not for themselves but for their sick sister. They sacrificed their personal comforts. They wore old clothes and ate black bread and figs just to keep them alive and fit for more hard work. Their sole concern was to earn as much money as they could. They willingly and readily picked up every job which came their way. They did it, not out of greed but to save their only sister, Lucia from the jaws of fatal tuberculosis. They spent a major portion of their money to pay off hospital dues and to keep their sister well fed and well clad.

Undoubtedly, the character of Nicola and Jacopo set an example of noble humanity before the materialistic world of today. The story promises hope for the modern society.

Question 7.
Look at the italic words in the following examples.
(a) We bought their biggest basket, then set off toward town.
(b) One night we came upon them in the windy and deserted square.
(c) He bit his lip, then in a rather put out tone he said, ‘Very well.’
(d) I shook my head and turned away.
Here are a few more. Match the phrases to their meanings.

Phrases	Meanings
set up	to start on a journey
break down	to tolerate a situation or a person
set off	to lose control of your feelings and start crying
put up with	to enter
put off	to be faced with or opposed by
put on	to start/establish a company
come in	to refuse/reject
come across	to postpone
come up against	to try to get help/advice/sympathy from someone
turn down	to wear
turn in	to meet or find by chance
turn to	to inform on or deliver up

Now use the phrases given above to complete the following sentences.

1. The landlord was suspicious of the two men staying in his flat so he called the police and …………. them ………….
2. Early in the morning we packed our bags and …………. for a hike over the mountain.
3. Janvi …………. some photographs of her grandfather in the old trunk.
4. My father …………. his own business 10 years ago.
5. The Bank …………. Paul’s request for a loan.
6. The Corporation’s decision to reduce the leave of the employees …………. a lot of opposition.

Answer:

Phrases	Meanings
set up	to start/establish a company
break down	to lose control of your feelings and start crying
set off	to start on a journey
put up with	to tolerate a situation or a person
put off	to postpone
put on	to wear
come in	to enter
come across	to meet or find by chance
come up against	to be faced with or opposed by
turn down	to refuse/reject
turn in	to inform on or deliver up
turn to	to try to get help/advice sympathy from someone

1. turned, in
2. set off
3. came across
4. set up
5. turned down
6. came across

Question 8.
Two Gentlemen of Verona is written in the first person. A story written in the first person is a first-hand account of events told or narrated through the eyes of a single character, typically the main character. Stories written in the first person are easily identified by the use of the pronoun T rather than ‘he or she’.

The reader will see phrases such as “I said, I thought,” rather than “he said, she thought.” Everything is experienced through the eyes of a single character, and all thoughts and observations are limited to that one person. There can be no outside observer. If the narrator does not see or experience an event at first hand, it cannot be a part of the story. All scenes in the story are filtered through this person’s unique perception.

The third-person is a narrative mode in which both the reader and the author observe the situation either through the senses and thoughts of more than one character, or through an overarching godlike perspective that sees and knows everything that happens and everything the characters are thinking. In this mode of narration, the narrator can tell the reader things that the main character does not know, or things that none of the characters know.

Rewrite any part of the story you like in the third person.
Answer:
The following afternoon they drove to the tiny village set high upon the hillside. He imagined that their destination would be some humble dwelling. But, directed by Jacopo, they drew up at a large red-roofed villa, surrounded by a high stone wall. He could scarcely believe his eyes and before he could recover breath, his two passengers had leaped from the car.

Question 9.
The narrator realises why Nicola and Jacopo work so hard. Yet he does not go r in to meet their sister nor does he speak to them about what he learns from the nurse. Working in groups, discuss the following aspects of the story and share your views with the class.
(a) The love and devotion, and the family values Nicola and Jacopo display.
Answer:
Nicola and Jacopo embody brotherly love, devotion and family values. They are two small boys whose actions represent those human emotions which are rare to be found in the children of their age group. They worked hard day and night for earning money. They readily took up any job which could bring money for them in a fair way. They did not spend their hard-earned money on them. Rather they saved it for the medical treatment of their sister, Lucia who was suffering from tuberculosis of the spine.

(b) Their pride in themselves and their family.
Answer:
Nicola and Jacopo fell on evil days due to war. In such conditions the boys of their age are very likely to become pickpockets, cheats, drug addicts and burglars but Nicola and Jacopo were never seen doing any unfair and fraudulent job. They worked hard for money and earned it with their labour and industry. Nor did they ever beg. It was simply because they were proud of their cultured family which lived with dignity and honour before war Their father was a famous singer of his times. The war deprived them of all comforts and pleasures but they still retained the happy memories of those golden days. They did not tell about the disease of their sister to the writer, though the writer was so kind because they did not want any one to show pity to them. They had a great sense of self-respect and pride.

(c) The trust they place in the narrator.
Answer:
The narrator developed a soft corner in his heart for Nicola and Jacopo gradually as he met them every now and then, doing one job or the other. Their behaviour also impressed the writer. The boys also developed a fancy for him. But we find that Nicola did not trust him as much as Jacopo did. When the writer offered to do something for them, Nicola made a silent refusal by shaking his head. But Jacopo, the younger boy, at once requested him to give a lift to them in his car to Poleta, 30 kilometres from Verona, where they went every Sunday on hired bicycles. Nicola looked angrily at his brother and told the writer that they would not like to trouble him. He did not want that they should go to Poleta because his sister, Lucia, was recovering there from tuberculosis.

He did not want the writer to know about this because neither he wanted to have any financial help from any one nor to become an object of pity.

(d) The reason the narrator does not disclose to them that he knows their secret.
Answer:
The writer is an intelligent man. He has come to know by a discussion about the plans earlier with Nicola that the boys did not want to share their secret plans with him. His visit to Poleta, where Lucia, their sister, was hospitalised, made their secret plans very clear for which they were saving their hard-earned money. He knows fully well that their feelings will be deeply hurt if he discloses to them that he knows their secret.

Writing Task

Question 10.
As the narrator, write an article on the lesson of love, faith and trust that you have learnt from the two young boys of Verona.
Answer:
The story of Nicola and Jacopo teaches us a moralistic lesson of love, faith and trust. These qualities are imparted to human beings by God, the Almighty. We can call them Godly qualities without which our coexistence with others will become impossible. We should not be selfish and inconsiderate towards others. W<j should not hurt the feelings of others. We should have faith in others. Suppose, if I don’t care for my parents, brothers, sisters, friends and neighbours, then who will care for me and the process will go on and one day this world will become a jungle where only wild animals live who just pounce upon others and tear them apart to satisfy their hunger. We should love others, care for others and must have mutual understanding and trust. We are the best creation of God. We are different from animals. Only the human qualities of love, faith and trust distinguish us from wild beasts.

Question 11.
After her brothers’ visit, Lucia writes a page in her diary about her past life and her present situation. As Lucia write the diary entry in about 150 words.
Answer:
15-3-20XX
Monday, 10 p.m.
Poleta
It is the happiest day for me because it reminds me of both, my creator and my caring brothers. God above and my brothers below are my only source of hope and happiness.

As usual my brothers visited me. They brought flowers, fruits and good novels for me. We reminisced our golden days when we lived with our parents in a beautiful house. Then the hateful Germans attacked our town and destroyed our house and killed our father who was a sweet voiced singer. When he performed in the opera house, the entire hall resounded with the joyful clapping of the people. Unluckily I developed tuberculosis of the spine.

My brothers worked hard and admitted me here. I’m happy as my doctors and nurse tell me that soon I will be able to stand and walk. When I become a singer, I will put my brothers in a good school. They will not work as hard as they do now for my sake. They will study and I will cook delicious food for them. I will try to give them a lot of happiness. They are everything for me. May God bless them.

Listening Task

Question 12.
Listen to an excerpt from the diary of a 13 year old girl Zlata Fillipovic who writes of the horrors of war in Sarajevo in her book Zlata’s Diary.
Based on your listening of the passage, complete the following statements.

1. The first sign of approaching war was ………….
2. The family went into the cellar when ………….
3. The ‘awful cellar’ was the only place that could save their lives because ………….
4. Zlata’s friend, Nina died when ………….
5. Zlata and her father were worried about her mother’s safety because ………….

Answer:

1. that people were leaving Sarajeno and crowding the airport, train and bus stations. .
2. the shooting started.
3. their bedrooms faced the hills that was too dangerous a situation and the cellar was the safest place
4. a shell fell in the park and a piece of sharpnel lodged in her brain.
5. two shells exploded in the street and one in the market where her mother had gone and she had still not come home. They feared if she was alive.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 1 Two Gentlemen of Verona help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 1 Two Gentlemen of Verona, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Three Days to See Summary

Refer to the 12th Class Hindi Book Antra Questions and Answers CBSE Class 12 Hindi Elective Rachana प्रिंट माध्यम, संपादकीय, रिपोर्ट, आलेख पर आधारित अति लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न to develop Hindi language and skills among the students.

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Elective Rachana प्रिंट माध्यम, संपादकीय, रिपोर्ट, आलेख पर आधारित अति लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-दो पंक्तियों में दीजिए –

प्रश्न 1.
मुद्रण माध्यम के अंतर्गत कौन-कौन से माध्यम आते हैं ?
उत्तर :
मुद्रण माध्यम के अंतर्गत समाचार-पत्र, पत्रिकाएँ, पुस्तकें आदि आते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
फ्लैश या ब्रेकिंग न्यूज़ का क्या आशय है ?
उत्तर :
जब कोई विशेष समाचार सबसे पहले दर्शकों तक पहुँचाया जाता है तो उसे फ्लैश अथवा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज़ कहते हैं। प्रश्न 3. ड्राई एंकर क्या है ?
उत्तर :
ड्राई एंकर वह होता है जो समाचार के दृश्य नज़र नहीं आने तक दर्शकों को रिपोर्टर से मिली जानकारी के आधार पर समाचार से संबंधित सूचना देता है।

प्रश्न 4.
फोन-इन से क्या तात्पर्य है ?
उत्तर :
एंकर का घटनास्थल पर उपस्थित रिपोर्टर से फ़ोन के माध्यम से घटित घटनाओं की जानकारी दर्शकों तक पहुँचाना फ़ोन-इन कहलाता है।

प्रश्न 5.
लाइव से क्या आशय है ?
उत्तर :
किसी समाचार का घटनास्थल से दूरदर्शन पर सीधा प्रसारण लाइव कहलाता है।

प्रश्न 6.
जनसंचार के प्रमुख माध्यम कौन-कौन से हैं?
उत्तर :
जनसंचार के प्रमुख माध्यम समाचार-पत्र, पत्रिकाएँ, रेडियो, दूरदर्शन तथा इंटरनेट हैं।

प्रश्न 7.
इंटरनेट पर समाचार से संबंधित क्या सुविधाएँ उपलब्ध हैं ?
उत्तर :
इंटरनेट पर समाचार पढ़ने, सुनने और देखने की तीनों सुविधाएँ उपलब्ध हैं।

प्रश्न 8.
मुद्रित माध्यमों की प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?
उत्तर :
मुद्रित माध्यमों को सुरक्षित रख सकते हैं। इन्हें जब चाहे और जैसे चाहे पढ़ा जा सकता है। इनसे लिखित भाषा का विस्तार होता है। इसमें गूढ़ और गंभीर विषयों पर लिखा जा सकता है।

प्रश्न 9.
रेडियो कैसा जनसंचार माध्यम है ? इसमें किसका मेल होता है ?
उत्तर :
रेडियो श्रव्य माध्यम है। इसमें ध्वनि, स्वर और शब्दों का मेल होता है।

प्रश्न 10.
रेडियो समाचार – लेखन के लिए आवश्यक बिंदु क्या हैं?
उत्तर :
रेडियो समाचार की समाचार कॉपी साफ़-सुथरी और टंकित होनी चाहिए।

प्रश्न 11.
दूरदर्शन जनसंचार का कैसा माध्यम है ?
उत्तर :
दूरदर्शन जनसंचार माध्यमों में देखने और सुनने का माध्यम है।

प्रश्न 12.
रेडियो और दूरदर्शन समाचार की भाषा-शैली कैसी होनी चाहिए ?
उत्तर :
भाषा अत्यंत सरल होनी चाहिए। वाक्य छोटे, सीधे और स्पष्ट हों। भाषा प्रवाहमयी तथा भ्रामक शब्दों से रहित हो। एक वाक्य में एक बात कही जाए। मुहावरों, सामाजिक भाषा, अप्रचलित शब्दों, आलंकारिक शब्दावली आदि प्रयोगों से बचना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 13.
इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता को अन्य किन नामों से जाना जाता है ?
उत्तर :
इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता को ऑनलाइन पत्रकारिता, साइबर पत्रकारिता तथा वेब पत्रकारिता के नाम से जाना जाता है।

प्रश्न 14.
इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता क्या है ?
उत्तर :
इंटरनेट पर समाचार-पत्रों को प्रकाशित करना तथा समाचारों का आदान-प्रदान करना इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता कहलाता है।

प्रश्न 15.
इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता के कितने दौर हुए हैं ?
उत्तर :
इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता के तीन दौर हुए हैं। पहला दौर 1982 से 1992 तक, दूसरा दौर 1993 से 2001 तक और तीसरा और 2002 से शुरू हुआ है।

प्रश्न 16.
भारत में इंटरनेट का आरंभ कब हुआ था ?
उत्तर :
भारत में इंटरनेट का आरंभ सन 1993 में हुआ था।

प्रश्न 17.
वेबसाइट पर विशुद्ध इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता आरंभ करने का श्रेय भारत में किसे दिया जाता है ?
उत्तर :
भारत में इंटरनेट पर विशुद्ध पत्रकारिता आरंभ करने का श्रेय ‘तहलका डॉट काम’ को दिया जाता है।

प्रश्न 18.
इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता आजकल बहुत लोकप्रिय क्यों है ?
उत्तर :
इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता से न केवल समाचारों का संप्रेषण, पुष्टि, सत्यापन होता है बल्कि समाचारों के बैकग्राउंडर तैयार करने में तत्काल सहायता मिलती है। इसलिए यह आजकल बहुत लोकप्रिय है।

प्रश्न 19.
पत्रकारीय लेखन में किस बात का सबसे अधिक ध्यान रखना चाहिए?
उत्तर :
पत्रकारीय लेखन आम लोगों को ध्यान में रखकर सीधी-सादी आम बोलचाल की भाषा में होना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 20.
उलटा पिरामिड शैली क्या है?
उत्तर :
इसमें सबसे पहले महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य तथा जानकारियाँ दी जाती हैं तथा बाद में कम महत्वपूर्ण बातें देकर समाप्त कर दिया जाता है। इसकी सूरत उलटे पिरामिड जैसी होने के कारण इसे उलटा पिरामिड-शैली कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 21.
पूर्णकालिक पत्रकार किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर :
पूर्णकालिक पत्रकार किसी समाचार-संगठन में काम करने वाला नियमित वेतन भोगी कर्मचारी होता है।

प्रश्न 22.
अंशकालिक पत्रकार कौन होता है?
उत्तर :
अंशकालिक पत्रकार वह होता है जो किसी समाचार-संगठन के लिए एक निश्चित मानदेय के आधार पर काम करता है।

प्रश्न 23.
फ्रीलांसर पत्रकार से क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर :
फ्रीलांसर पत्रकार किसी समाचार-पत्र से संबंधित नहीं होता। वह समाचार-पत्रों में लेख भुगतान के आधार पर लिखता है।

प्रश्न 24.
समाचार-लेखन के कितने ककार हैं? उनके नाम लिखिए?
उत्तर :
समाचार-लेखन के छह ककार हैं। ये हैं-क्या, कौन, कब, कहाँ, कैसे और क्यों।

प्रश्न 25.
विचारपरक लेखन में क्या-क्या आता है ?
उत्तर :
विचारपरक लेखन में लेख, टिप्पणियाँ, संपादकीय तथा स्तंभ लेखन आते हैं।

प्रश्न 26.
उलटा पिरामिड में समाचार का ढाँचा कैसा होता है ?
उत्तर :
इसमें सबसे महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य अथवा सूचना को सबसे पहले लिखा जाता है और इसके बाद घटते हुए महत्वक्रम में लिखा जाता है।

प्रश्न 27.
‘क्लाइमेक्स’ का क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर :
समाचार के अंतर्गत किसी घटना का नवीनतम और महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष क्लाइमेक्स कहलाता है।

प्रश्न 28.
फ़ीचर किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर :
किसी सुव्यवस्थित, सृजनात्मक और आत्मनिष्ठ लेखन को फ़ीचर कहते हैं, जिसके माध्यम से सूचनाओं के साथ-साथ मनोरंजन पर भी ध्यान दिया जाता है।

प्रश्न 29
विशेष रिपोर्ट क्या होती है?
उत्तर :
किसी घटना, समस्या या मुद्दे की गहन छानबीन और विश्लेषण को विशेष रिपोर्ट कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 30.
संपादकीय क्या है ?
उत्तर :
वह लेख जिसमें किसी मुद्दे के प्रति समाचार पत्र की अपनी राय प्रकट होती है, संपादकीय कहलाता है।

प्रश्न 31.
विशेष लेखन क्या है ?
उत्तर :
किसी विशेष विषय पर सामान्य लेखन से डटकर लिखा गया लेख विशेष लेखन कहलाता है।

प्रश्न 32.
बीट रिपोर्टिंग क्या होती है ?
उत्तर :
जो संवाददाता केवल अपने क्षेत्र विशेष से संबंधित रिपोर्टों को भेजता है, वह बीट रिपोर्टिंग कहलाती है।

प्रश्न 33.
व्यापार- कारोबार की रिपोर्टिंग की भाषा कैसी होनी चाहिए ?
उत्तर :
व्यापार – कारोबार से संबंधित रिपोर्टिंग में व्यापार जगत में प्रचलित शब्दावली का प्रयोग होना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 34.
समाचार-पत्रों में विशेष लेखन के क्षेत्र कौन-कौन से हैं?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्रों में विशेष लेखन के क्षेत्र व्यापार जगत, खेल, विज्ञान, कृषि, मनोरंजन, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, अपराध, कानून आदि हैं।

प्रश्न 35.
समाचार-पत्रों के लिए सूचनाएँ प्राप्त करने के स्रोत कौन-कौन से हैं ?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्रों के लिए सूचनाएँ विभिन्न मंत्रालयों, प्रेस कॉन्फ्रेंसों, विज्ञप्तियों, साक्षात्कारों, सर्वेक्षण, जाँच समितियों, संबंधित विभागों, इंटरनेट, विशिष्ट व्यक्तियों, संस्थाओं आदि से प्राप्त की जाती हैं।

प्रश्न 36.
भारत में विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में कौन-सी संस्थाएँ कार्य कर रही हैं ?
उत्तर :
भारत में रक्षा अनुसंधान एवं विकास संगठन, नेशनल रिसर्च डेवलपमेंट कॉर्पोरेशन, भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद, भाभा परमाणु संस्थान, राष्ट्रीय भौतिकी शोध संस्थान आदि संस्थाएँ विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में काम कर रही हैं।

प्रश्न 37.
पर्यावरण से संबंधित पत्रिकाओं के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर :
पर्यावरण एबस्ट्रेक्ट, डाउन टू अर्थ, नेशनल ज्योग्रॉफ़ी।

प्रश्न 38.
खोजी पत्रकारिता से क्या आशय है ?
उत्तर :
खोजी पत्रकारिता में पत्रकार मौलिक शोध और छानबीन के द्वारा ऐसी सूचनाएँ तथा तथ्य उजागर करता है जो सार्वजनिक रूप से पहले उपलब्ध नहीं थे।

प्रश्न 39.
भारत में पहला छापाखाना कहाँ और कब खुला था ?
उत्तर :
भारत में पहला छापाखाना गोवा में सन 1556 ई० में खुला था।

प्रश्न 40.
पत्रकारीय लेखन में पत्रकार को किन दो बातों से बचना चाहिए?
उत्तर :
पत्रकारीय लेखन में पत्रकार को कभी भी लंबे-लंबे वाक्य नहीं लिखने चाहिए। उसे किसी भी अवस्था में अनावश्यक विशेषणों और उपमाओं का प्रयोग भी नहीं करना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 41.
मुद्रण का प्रारंभ कहाँ से माना जाता है ?
उत्तर :
मुद्रण का प्रारंभ चीन से माना जाता है।

प्रश्न 42
वर्तमान छापेखाने के आविष्कार का श्रेय किसे है?
उत्तर :
वर्तमान छापेखाने का श्रेय जर्मनी के गुटेनबर्ग को है।

प्रश्न 43.
जनसंचार का मुद्रित माध्यम किनके लिए किसी काम का नहीं है ?
उत्तर :
निरक्षरों के लिए जनसंचार का मुद्रित माध्यम किसी काम का नहीं है।

प्रश्न 44.
साप्ताहिक पत्रिका सप्ताह में कितनी बार प्रकाशित होती है ?
उत्तर :
साप्ताहिक पत्रिका सप्ताह में एक बार प्रकाशित होती है।

प्रश्न 45.
रेडियो में क्या सुविधा नहीं है ?
उत्तर :
रेडियो में अखबार की तरह पीछे लौटकर सुनने की सुविधा नहीं है।

प्रश्न 46.
आजकल टेलीप्रिंटर पर एक सेकेंड में कितने शब्द भेजे जा सकते हैं ?
उत्तर :
आजकल टेलीप्रिंटर पर एक सेकेंड में 56 किलोबाइट अर्थात लगभग 70 हज़ार शब्द भेजे जा सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 47.
नई वेब भाषा को क्या कहते हैं ?
उत्तर :
नई वेब भाषा को ‘एच.टी. एम. एल. ‘, हाइपर टेक्स्ट मार्कअप लैंग्वेज कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 48.
भारत की प्रमुख वेबसाइटें कौन-सी हैं ?
उत्तर :
भारत की प्रमुख वेबसाइटें रीडिफ डॉटकॉम, इंडिया इन्फोलाइन, सीफ़ी, हिंदू तहलका डॉटकॉम आदि हैं।

प्रश्न 49.
हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता की साइट कौन-सी है ?
उत्तर :
पत्रकारिता के लिहाज़ से हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ इंटरनेट साइट बी. बी. सी. है

प्रश्न 50.
इंटरनेट पर उपलब्ध हिंदी का वह कौन-सा समाचार-पत्र है जो प्रिंट रूप में नहीं है ?
उत्तर :
‘प्रभासाक्षी’ नामक समाचार-पत्र केवल इंटरनेट पर उपलब्ध है

प्रश्न 51.
उलटा पिरामिड में समाचार का ढाँचा कैसा होता है ?
उत्तर :
उलटे पिरामिड ढाँचे में सबसे पहले इंट्रो या मुखड़ा, फिर बाडी और अंत में समापन होता है।

प्रश्न 52.
उलटा पिरामिड शैली का प्रयोग कब से शुरू हुआ था ?
उत्तर :
उलटा पिरामिड – शैली का प्रयोग उन्नीसवीं सदी के मध्य से शुरू हुआ था।

प्रश्न 53.
समाचार-पत्रों में छपने वाले फ़ीचरों की शब्द- संख्या कितनी होती है ?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्रों और पत्रिकाओं में छपने वाले फ़ीचरों की शब्द – संख्या 250 शब्दों से लेकर 2000 होती है।

प्रश्न 54.
एक अच्छे और रोचक फ़ीचर के साथ क्या होना आवश्यक है ?
उत्तर :
एक अच्छे और रोचक फ़ीचर के साथ फोटो, रेखांकन, ग्राफ़िक्स आदि का होना आवश्यक है।

प्रश्न 55.
समाचार-पत्र कैसा माध्यम है ?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्र केवल छपे हुए शब्दों का माध्यम है।

प्रश्न 56.
जनसंचार के आधुनिक माध्यमों में सबसे पुराना माध्यम कौन-सा है ?
उत्तर :
मुद्रित माध्यम जनसंचार के आधुनिक माध्यमों में सबसे पुराना माध्यम है।

प्रश्न 57.
यूरोप में छापेखाने की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका कब रही ?
उत्तर :
यूरोप में पुनर्जागरण के ‘रेनसां’ के आरंभ में छापेखाने की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण रही थी।

प्रश्न 58.
मुद्रित माध्यमों की सबसे बड़ी विशेषता क्या है?
उत्तर :
मुद्रित माध्यमों की सबसे बड़ी विशेषता उसमें छपे हुए शब्दों के स्थायीपन की है। इन्हें जब जैसे चाहे पढ़ सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 59.
मुद्रित माध्यम के अंतर्गत समाचार-पत्र में क्या कमियाँ हैं ?
उत्तर :
इसे निरक्षर नहीं पढ़ सकते। इसमें तुरंत घटी हुई घटनाएँ प्रस्तुत नहीं की जा सकतीं।

प्रश्न 60.
रेडियो प्रसारण की क्या कमियाँ हैं ?
उत्तर :
रेडियो पर प्रसारण के समय की प्रतीक्षा करनी पड़ती है। कार्यक्रम आरंभ से सुनना पड़ता है। कार्यक्रम के दौरान कहीं जा नहीं सकते। उसी कार्यक्रम को फिर से नहीं सुन सकते।

प्रश्न 61.
समाचार-पत्रों की क्या विशेषताएँ हैं ?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्र जनता को समाचार देकर उन्हें जागरूक, शिक्षित और सचेत करते हैं। इनसे पाठकों का मनोरंजन भी होता है। ये लोकतंत्र के पहरेदार माने जाते हैं। ये जनमत जगाने का कार्य भी करते हैं।

प्रश्न 62.
पत्रकारीय लेखन का संबंध किनसे होता है ?
उत्तर :
पत्रकारीय लेखन का संबंध देश-विदेश में घटित विभिन्न घटनाओं, समस्याओं और मुद्दों से होता है।

प्रश्न 63.
संपादक के नाम पत्र कौन लिखता है ?
उत्तर :
संपादक के नाम पत्र समाचार-पत्र को पढ़ने वाले पाठक लिखते हैं। वे इन पत्रों में विभिन्न मुद्दों और समस्याओं पर अपने विचार व्यक्त करते हैं।

प्रश्न 64.
समाचार-पत्र में साक्षात्कार का क्या महत्व है ?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्र में साक्षात्कार का बहुत महत्व है। साक्षात्कार के माध्यम से ही पत्रकार अपने समाचार-पत्र के लिए समाचार, फ़ीचर, लेख, विशेष रिपोर्ट आदि तैयार कर सकता है।

प्रश्न 65.
स्तंभ-लेखन क्या है ?
उत्तर :
स्तंभ लेखन विचारपरक लेखन होता है। स्तंभकार समसामयिक विषयों पर नियमित रूप से अपने समाचार-पत्र के लिए लिखते हैं।

प्रश्न 66.
बीट किसे कहते हैं ?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्र में राजनीति, आर्थिक, खेल, अपराध, फ़िल्म, कृषि आदि से संबंधित समाचार होते हैं। जो पत्रकार जिस क्षेत्र से संबंधित समाचार लिखता है, वह उसकी बीट होती है।

प्रश्न 67.
‘डेस्क’ किसे कहते हैं ?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्रों में किसी विशेष लेखन के लिए कार्य करने वाले पत्रकारों के समूह के निश्चित समय को डेस्क कहते हैं, जैसे खेल डेस्क।

प्रश्न 68.
व्यापार से जुड़ी खबरों की शब्दावली कैसी होती है ?
उत्तर :
व्यापार से जुड़ी खबरों में व्यापार जगत से संबंधित तेजड़िए, घाटा, गिरावट, धड़ाम आदि शब्द होते हैं।

प्रश्न 69.
कारोबारी जगत की खबरें किस शैली में लिखी जाती हैं ?
उत्तर :
कारोबारी जगत की खबरें उलटा पिरामिड शैली में लिखी जाती हैं।

प्रश्न 70.
भारत के लोकप्रिय हिंदी दैनिक समाचार-पत्रों के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर :
दैनिक हिंदुस्तान, नवभारत टाइम्स, दैनिक जागरण, दैनिक भास्कर, दैनिक ट्रिब्यून, पंजाब केसरी, नई दुनिया, नवभारत टाइम्स आदि।

प्रश्न 71.
बीट से क्या तात्पर्य है ?
उत्तर :
समाचार-पत्र या अन्य समाचार माध्यमों द्वारा अपने संवाददाता को किसी क्षेत्र या विषय यानी बीट की दैनिक रिपोर्टिंग की ज़िम्मेदारी दी जाती है। यह एक तरह के रिपोर्टर का कार्यक्षेत्र निश्चित करना है।

प्रश्न 72.
सीधा प्रसारण (लाइव) कैसा होता है ?
उत्तर :
रेडियो और टेलीविज़न में जब किसी घटना या कार्यक्रम को सीधा होते हुए दिखाया या सुनाया जाता है तो उस प्रसारण को सीधा प्रसारण (लाइव) कहते हैं। रेडियो में इसे आँखों देखा हाल भी कहते हैं जबकि टेलीविज़न के परदे पर सीधे प्रसारण के समय लाइव लिख दिया जाता है। इसका अर्थ यह है कि उस समय आप जो भी देख रहे हैं, वह बिना किसी संपादकीय काट-छाँट के सीधे आप तक पहुँच रहा है।

प्रश्न 73.
स्टिंग आपरेशन किसे कहते हैं ?
उत्तर :
जब किसी टेलीविजन चैनल का पत्रकार छुपे टेलीविज़न कैमरे के ज़रिए किसी ग़ैर-कानूनी, अवैध और असामाजिक गतिविधियों को फ़िल्माता है और फिर उसे अपने चैनल पर दिखाता है तो इसे स्टिंग ऑपरेशन कहते हैं। कई बार चैनल ऐसे आपरेशनों को गोपनीय कोड दे देते हैं। जैसे आपरेशन दुर्योधन या चक्रव्यूह। हाल के वर्षों में समाचार चैनलों पर सरकारी कार्यालयों आदि में भ्रष्टाचार के खुलासे के लिए स्टिंग आपरेशनों के प्रयोग की प्रवृत्ति बढ़ी है।

प्रश्न 74.
सूचनाओं के विभिन्न स्रोत कौन-कौन से हैं?
उत्तर :

1. मंत्रालय के सूत्र
2. प्रेस कॉफ्रेंस और विज्ञप्तियाँ
3. साक्षात्कार
4. सर्वे
5. जाँच समितियों की रिपोर्ट्स
6. क्षेत्र विशेष में सक्रिय संस्थाएँ और व्यक्ति
7. संबंधित विभागों और संगठनों से जुड़े व्यक्ति
8. इंटरनेट और दूसरे संचार के माध्यम
9. स्थायी अध्ययन प्रक्रिया

प्रश्न 75.
विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में काम कर रही भारत की पाँच संस्थाओं के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर :

1. भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद (ICAR)
2. मिनरल्स एंड मेटल्स कॉपरेरिशन (MMTC)
3. रक्षा अनुसंधान एवं विकास संगठन (DRDO)
4. नेशनल रिसर्च डेवलपमेंट कॉपंरेशन (NRDC)
5. केंद्रीय इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स लिमिटेड (CEL)

प्रश्न 76.
पर्यावरण पर छपने वाली पत्रिकाओं के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर :

1. पर्यावरण एबस्ट्रेक्ट
2. एन्वायरो न्यूज
3. डाउन टू अर्थ
4. जू प्रिंट
5. सैकुचरी
6. नेशनल ज्योग्रॉफ़ी

प्रश्न 77.
व्यावसायिक शिक्षा के दस विभिन्न संस्थानों के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर :

1. भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान
2. भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान
3. भारतीय विज्ञान संस्थान
4. भारतीय सूचना प्रौद्योगिक एवं प्रबंधन संस्थान
5. भारतीय सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान
6. राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान
7. मणिपाल इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ़ टेक्नॉलॉजी
8. राष्ट्रीय फ़ैशन टेक्नॉलॉजी संस्थान
9. राष्ट्रीय डिफेंस अकादमी
10. अखिल भारतीय आयुर्वेद संस्थान

प्रश्न 78.
अपडेटिंग से क्या तात्पर्य है ?
उत्तर :
विभिन्न वेबसाइटों पर उपलब्ध सामग्री को समय-समय पर संशोधित और परिवर्धित किया जाता है। इसे ही अपडेटिंग कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 79.
ऑडियंस किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर :
जनसंचार माध्यमों के साथ जुड़ा एक विशेष शब्द, जिसका प्रयोग जनसंचार माध्यमों के दर्शकों, श्रोताओं और पाठकों के लिए सामूहिक रूप से होता है।

प्रश्न 80.
समाचार-पत्रों में ऑप – एड क्या होता है ?
उत्तर :
यह समाचार-पत्रों में संपादकीय पृष्ठ के सामने प्रकाशित होने वाला वह पन्ना है जिसमें विश्लेषण, फ़ीचर, स्तंभ, साक्षात्कार, विचारपूर्ण टिप्पणियाँ आदि प्रकाशित की जाती हैं। हिंदी के बहुत कम समाचार-पत्रों में ऑप – एड पृष्ठ प्रकाशित होता है, लेकिन अंग्रेज़ी के हिंदू और इंडियन एक्सप्रेस जैसे अखबारों में ऑप – एड पृष्ठ देखा जा सकता है।

प्रश्न 81.
डेडलाइन किसे कहते हैं ?
उत्तर :
किसी समाचार को प्रकाशित या प्रसारित करने के लिए उसके समाचार माध्यमों तक पहुँचने की आखिरी समय सीमा को डेडलाइन कहते हैं। अगर कोई समाचार डेडलाइन निकलने के बाद मिलता है, तो आमतौर पर उसके प्रकाशित या प्रसारित होने की संभावना कम हो जाती है।

प्रश्न 82.
न्यूज़पेग क्या होता है ?
उत्तर :
न्यूज़पेग का अर्थ है ‘किसी मुद्दे पर लिखे जा रहे लेख या फ़ीचर में उस ताज़ा घटना का उल्लेख, जिसके कारण वह मुद्दा चर्चा में आ गया है’। जैसे अगर आप माध्यमिक बोर्ड की परीक्षाओं में सरकारी स्कूलों के बेहतर हो रहे प्रदर्शन पर एक रिपोर्ट लिख रहे हैं तो उसका न्यूज़पेग सीबीएसई का ताज़ा परीक्षा परिणाम होगा। इसी तरह शहर में महिलाओं के खिलाफ़ बढ़ रहे अपराध पर फ़ीचर का न्यूज़पेग सबसे ताज़ी वह घटना होगी जिसमें किसी महिला के खिलाफ़ अपराध हुआ हो।

प्रश्न 83.
‘पीत पत्रकारिता’ किसे कहते हैं ?
उत्तर :
इस शब्द का सबसे पहले इस्तेमाल उन्नीसवीं सदी के उत्तरर्द्ध में अमेरिका में कुछ प्रमुख समाचार-पत्रों के बीच पाठकों को आकर्षित करने के लिए छिड़े संघर्ष के लिए किया गया था। उस समय के प्रमुख समाचारों ने पाठकों को लुभाने के लिए झूठी अफ़वाहों, व्यक्तिगत आरोप-प्रत्यारोपों, प्रेम-संबंधों, भंडाफोड़ और फ़िल्मी गपशप को समाचार की तरह प्रकाशित किया। उसमें सनसनी फैलाने का तत्व अहम था।

प्रश्न 84.
‘पेज – थ्री पत्रकारिता’ कैसी पत्रकारिता है ?
उत्तर :
पेज – थ्री पत्रकारिता का तात्पर्य ऐसी पत्रकारिता से है जिसमें फ़ैशन, अमीरों की पार्टियों, महफ़िलों और जाने-माने लोगों के निजी जीवन के बारे में बताया जाता है। ऐसे समाचार आमतौर पर समाचार-पत्रों के पृष्ठ तीन पर प्रकाशित होते रहे हैं, इसलिए इसे ‘पेज थ्री पत्रकारिता ‘ कहते हैं। हालाँकि अब यह ज़रूरी नहीं है कि यह पृष्ठ तीन पर ही प्रकाशित होती हो लेकिन इस पत्रकारिता के तहत अब भी ज़ोर उन्हीं विषयों पर होता है।

प्रश्न 85.
फ्रीक्वेंसी मॉड्यूलेशन’ तकनीक क्या है ?
उत्तर :
यह रेडियो प्रसारण की एक विशेष तकनीक है जिसमें फ्रीक्वेंसी को मॉड्यूलेट किया जाता है। रेडियो का प्रसारण दो तकनीकों के ज़रिए होता है जिसमें एक तकनीक एमप्ली – यूड मॉड्यूलेशन (ए०एम०) है और दूसरा फ्रीक्वेंसी मॉड्यूलेशन (एफ०एम० )। एफ०एम० तकनीक अपेक्षाकृत नई है और इसकी प्रसारण की गुणवत्ता बहुत अच्छी मानी जाती है। लेकिन ए. एम. रेडियो की तुलना में एफ०एम० के प्रसारण का दायरा सीमित होता है।

कार्यालयी हिंदी और रचनात्मक लेखन पर आधारित बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न

निम्नलिखित पत्रकारीय लेखन पर आधारित प्रश्नों के उचित उत्तर वाले विकल्प चुनकर दीजिए –

1. हिंदी में नेट-पत्रकारिता की शुरुआत मानी जाती है –
(क) प्रभासाक्षी से
(ख) वेब दुनिया से
(ग) वेब पोर्टल से
(घ) भास्कर से
उत्तर :
(ख) वेब दुनिया से

2. ब्रेकिंग न्यूज़ से आप क्या समझते हैं?
(क) संपादकों के लिए विशेष समाचार लिखना
(ख) अखबार-कर्मियों के लिए विशेष समाचार पढ़ाना
(ग) संवाददाताओं के लिए आम समाचार उपलब्ध कराना
(घ) दर्शकों के लिए विशेष समाचार उपलब्ध कराना
उत्तर :
(ख) दृश्य नजर न आने तक दर्शकों को रिपोर्टर के माध्यम से जानकारी उपलब्ध कराना।

3. कौन-सा माध्यम जनसंचार का माध्यम नहीं है?
(क) समाचार पत्र
(ख) रेडियो
(ग) स्मार्ट बोर्ड
(घ) दूरदर्शन
उत्तर :
(ग) स्मार्ट-बोर्ड

4. रेडियो किस प्रकार का जनसंचार माध्यम है?
(क) श्रव्य माध्यम
(ख) दृश्य माध्यम
(ग) मूक माध्यम
(घ) अद्भुत माध्यम
उत्तर :
(क) श्रव्य माध्यम

5. मिशनरियों द्वारा किस उद्वेश्य से भारत में पहला छापाखाना खोला गया?
(क) धार्मिक पुस्तकें छपने के लिए
(ख) धर्म का प्रचार करने के लिए
(ग) धर्म प्रचार की पुस्तकें छापने के लिए
(घ) मिशनरी का काम करने के लिए
उत्तर :
(ग) धर्म प्रचार की पुस्तके छापने के लिए

6. दूरदर्शन जनसंचार का कैसा माध्यम है?
(क) श्रव्य माध्यम
(ख) दृश्य माध्यम
(ग) दृश्य-श्रव्य माध्यम
(घ) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर :
(ग) दृश्य-श्रव्य माध्यम

7. इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता को किस नाम से जाना जाता है?
(क) वेब पत्रकारिता
(ख) ऑनलाइन पत्रकारिता
(ग) साइबर पत्रकारिता
(घ) ये सभी विकल्प सही हैं
उत्तर :
(घ) ये सभी विकल्प सही हैं

8. भारत में इंटरनेट की शुरुआत कब हुई?
(क) सन 1990 में
(ख) सन 1993 में
(ग) सन 1992 में
(घ) सन 1994 में
उत्तर :
(ख) सन 1993 में

9. पत्रकारीय लेखन में किस बात का ध्यान रखना आवश्यक होता है?
(क) सीधी-सादी आम बोलचाल की भाषा का
(ख) अतिशयोक्तिपूर्ण भाषा का
(ग) मुहावरेदार भाषा का
(घ) लाक्षणिक भाषा का
उत्तर :
(क) सीधी-सादी आम बोलचाल की भाषा

10. अंशकालिक पत्रकार किसे कहते हैं?
(क) समाचार-संगठन का नियमित गैरवेतनभोगी
(ख) समाचार-संगठन का नियमित वेतनभोगी
(ग) समाचार-संगठन का अनियमित वेतनभोगी
(घ) समाचार-संगठन का अनियमित गैरवेतनभोगी
उत्तर :
(ग) समाचार-संगठन का अनियमित वेतनभोगी

11. फ्रीलांसर पत्रकार किसे कहते हैं?
(क) समाचार-संगठन का स्वतंत्र वेतनभोगी
(ख) समाचार-संगठन का नियमित वेतनभोगी
(ग) समाचार-संगठन का निश्चित मानदेय वेतनभोगी
(घ) समाचार-संगठन का अनियमित गैरवेतनभोगी
उत्तर :
(क) समाचार-संगठन का स्वतंत्र वेतनभोगी

12. क्लाइमेक्स का क्या आशय है?
(क) घटना का नवीनतम एवं आवश्यक पक्ष
(ख) घटना का छ्छिपा पक्ष
(ग) समाचार-पत्र का दूसरा पृष्ठ
(घ) समाचार-पत्र का पहला पृष्ठ
उत्तर :
(क) घटना का नवीनतम एवं आवश्यक पक्ष

13. समाचार लेखन में कितने ककार हैं?
(क) दस
(ख) पॉँच
(ग) आठ
(घ) छह
उत्तर :
(घ) छा

14. एंकर रिपोर्टर से फ्रोन पर बात करके सूचनाएँ वर्शकों तक पहुँचाता है, उस प्रक्रिया को कहते हैं-
(क) फ़ोन इन
(ख) लाइव
(ग) वॉयस
(घ) बाइट
उत्तर :
(क) फ़ोन-इन

15. विचारपरक लेखन में क्या नहीं आता?
(क) संपादकीय
(ख) टिप्पणी
(ग) स्तंभ लेखन
(घ) विज्ञापन
उत्तर :
(घ) विज्ञापन

16. संपादकीय किसे कहते हैं?
(क) मुद्दे से हटकर जनमानस की अपनी राय
(ख) मुद्दे के प्रति सामूहिक राय
(ग) मुद्दे के प्रति समाचार पत्र की अपनी राय
(घ) मुद्दे के प्रति स्वतंत्र विचारकों की एक राय
उत्तर :
(ग) मुद्दे के प्रति समाचार पत्र की अपनी राय

17. बीट रिपोर्टिग किसे कहते है?
(क) सभी क्षेत्र से विशेष रिपोर्ट भेजना
(ख) बदल-बदलकर विशेष रिपोर्ट भेजना
(ग) किसी भी क्षेत्र से विशेष रिपोर्ट भेजना
(घ) अपने क्षेत्र विशेष से रिपोर्ट भेजना
उत्तर :
(ग) किसी भी क्षेत्र से विशेष रिपोर्ट भेजना

18. भारत में पहला छापाखाना कब और कहाँ खुला था?
(क) हिमाचल, 1559 में
(ख) गोआ, 1556 में
(ग) सिक्किम, 1557 में
(घ) केरल, 1558 में
उत्तर :
(घ) केरल, 1558 में

19. आज्वावी से पूर्व कौन-कौन प्रमुख पत्रकार हुए हैं?
(क) महात्मा गंधी, लोकमान्य तिलक
(ख) मदन मोहन मालवीय, गणेश शंकर विद्यार्थी,
(ग) माखनलाल चतुर्वदी, महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी, प्रताप नारायण मिश्र, बालमुकुंद गुप्त
(घ) ये सभी विकल्प सही हैं।
उत्तर :
(घ) ये सभी विकल्प सही हैं

20. इंटरनेट पर उपलब्ध कौन-सा हिंबी समाचार पत्र प्रिंट सूप में नही है?
(क) राजस्थान पत्रिका
(ख) नई दुनिया
(ग) प्रभासाक्षी
(घ) दैनिक भास्कर
उत्तर :
(ग) प्रभासाक्षी

21. कविता की दुनिया से जुड़ने के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि हम-
(क) इंटरनेट से जुड़ें
(ख) पत्रिकाओं से जुईें
(ग) शब्दों से जुड़ें
(घ) अपने परिवेश से जुड़ें
उत्तर :
(ग) शब्दों से जुड़ें

22. बच्यों की रचनात्मकता तब आकार लेती है जब उन्हें-
(क) कविता लिखवाएँ
(ख) कविता सुनाएँ
(ग) परिवेश से जोड़े
(घ) तुकबंदी कराएँ
उत्तर :
(घ) तुकबंदी कराएँ

23. हिंदी का संपूर्ण पोर्टल कौन-सा है?
(क) नई दुनिया (इंदौर)
(ख) दैनिक भास्कर (इंदौर)
(ग) हिंदुस्तान (दिल्ली)
(घ) अमर उजाला (मेरठ)
उत्तर :
(क) नई दुनिया (इंदौर)

24. पेज-श्री पत्रकारिता क्या है?
(क) फ़ैशन, अमीरों की पार्टियों, महफ़िलों और जाने-माने लोगों के निजी जीवन के बारे में बताया जाता है।
(ख) यह आमतौर पर समाचार-पत्रों के पृष्ठ तीन पर प्रकाशित होती है।
(ग) आजकल इसकी पृष्ठ संख्या कोई भी हो सकती है, परंतु इनके विषय वही हैं।
(घ) ये सभी विकल्प सही हैं।
उत्तर :
(क) फ़ैशन, अमीरों की पार्टियों, महफिलों और जाने-माने लोगों के निजी जीवन के बारे में बताया जाता है।

25. मुद्रण की शुरुआत कहॉं से हुई?
(क) रूस
(ख) भारत
(ग) चीन
(घ) अमेरिका
उत्तर :
(ग) चीन।

26. टीन्वी० में किसकी प्रमुखता होती है?
(क) दृश्य की
(ख) आवाज़ की
(ग) गुणवत्ता की
(घ) (क) और (ख) दोनों
उत्तर :
(घ) (क) और (ख) दोनों

27. एंकर पैकेज से क्या आशय है?
(क) किसी भी खबर को संपूर्णता के साथ पेश करने का माध्यम
(ख) इसमें ग्राफिक के जरिए ज्रूूरी सूचनाएँ
(ग) शीघ्रता से पेश करने की युक्ति
(घ) संदिश्ध तरीके से समाचार पेश करने की योजना
उत्तर :
(क) किसी भी खबर को संपूर्णता के साथ पेश करने का माध्यम।

28. टी॰्वी० खखर की प्रस्तुति के कौन-से तरीके हैं?
(क) फ्लैै या ब्रेकिंग न्यूज्ज, ड्राइ एंकर
(ख) फ़ोन-इन, एंकर-विजुअल
(ग) एंकर बाइट, लाइव
(घ) ये सभी विकल्प
उत्तर :
(घ) खे सभी विकल्प

29. वेबसाइड पर विशुद्थ पत्रकारिता की शुरुआत किस वेबसाइट किसने की?
(क) तहलका डॉट कॉम ने
(ख) रीडिफ ने
(ग) रक्षा डॉट कॉम ने
(घ) जीमेल डॉट कॉम ने
उत्तर :
(क) तहलका डॉट कॉम ने

30. उलटा पिरामिड शैली का प्रयोग कब हुआ?
(क) 17 वी सदी के अंत में
(ख) 16 वीं सदी के मध्य में
(ग) 19 वीं सदी के मध्य में
(घ) 20 वीं सदी के अंत में
उत्तर :
(ग) 19 वीं सदी के मध्य में

बोर्ड परीधाओं में पूछे गए प्रश्नोत्तर –

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-दो वाक्यों में दीजिए –
(क) उलटा पिरामिड्ड-शैली से क्या तात्पर्य है?
(ख) भारत में प्रथम छापाखाना कय और कहों खुला था ?
(ग) विशेष लेखन क्या होता है?
(घ) इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता आजकल बहुत लोकप्रिय क्यों है?
(ङ) समाचार लेखन के छह ‘ककार’ कौन-कौन से हैं?
उत्तर
(क) इसमें सबसे पहले महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य तथा जानकारियाँ दी जाती हैं तथा बाद में कम महत्वपूर्ण बातें देकर इसे समाप्त कर दिया जाता है। इसकी सूरत उलटे पिरामिड जैसी होने के कारण इसे उलटा पिरामिड-शैली कहते हैं।
(ख) भारत में प्रथम छापाखाना गोवा में सन 1556 ई० में खुला था।
(ग) किसी विशेष विषय पर सामान्य लेखन से हटकर लिखा गया लेख विशेष लेखन होता है।
(घ) इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता से समाचारों का संप्रेषण, पुष्टि व सत्यापन होता है तथा समाचारों के बैक ग्राउंडर भी तैयार करने में सहायता मिलती है, इसलिए यह लोकप्रिय है।
(ङ) समाचार लेखन के ये छह ककार हैं-क्या, कौन, कब, कहाँ, क्यों और कैसे।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-दो वाक्यों में दीजिए :
(क) समाचार किसे कहते हैं? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ख) स्तंभ-लेखन क्या होता है ? समझाइए।
(ग) वेबसाइट पर विशुद्ध पत्रकारिता शुरू करने का श्रेय किसे दिया जाता है?
(घ) उल्टा पिरामिड-शौली से क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर :
(क) किसी विशिष्ट घटना की प्रमुखता से सूचना जो सामान्य जन की रुचि के अनुसार हो, उसे समाचार कहते हैं।
(ख) स्तंभ-लेखन विचारपरक लेखन होता है, जिसमें स्तंभाकार समसामयिक विष्यों पर समाचार-पत्र के लिए लिखते हैं।
(ग) वेबसाइट पर विशुद्ध पत्रकारिता शुरू करने का श्रेय ‘तहलका डॉटकॉम’ को दिया जाता है।
(घ) इस शैली में महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य अथवा सूचना को पहले लिखा जाता है और फिर घटते हुए महत्वक्रम में तथ्य लिखे जाते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए –
(क) इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता आजकल वहहुत लोकप्रिय क्यों है?
(ख) भारत में पहला छापाखाना कब और किस उद्देश्य से खोला गया था ?
(ग) मुद्रित माध्यम से क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर :
(क) इंटरनेट पत्रकारिता से न केवल समाचारों का संप्रेषण, पुष्टि व सत्यापन होता है बल्कि समाचारों के बैकग्राउंडर तैयार करने में तत्काल सहायता भी मिलती है। इसलिए यह आजकल बहुत लोकप्रिय है।
(ख) भारत में पहला छापाखाना गोवा में सन 1556 ई० में विशेष धार्मिक साहित्य को छापने के लिए खोला गया था।
(ग) मुद्रित माध्यम छपी हुई सामग्री को कहते हैं। समाचार-पत्र-पत्रिकाएँ आदि मुद्रित माध्यम हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
(क) स्टिंग ऑपरेशन क्या है?
(ख) समाचार लेखन की पिरामिड-शैली को संक्षेप में समझाइए।
(ग) टी०वी० की भाषा की दो विशेषताएँ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
(क) किसी तथ्य का पता लगाने के लिए गुप्त कैमरे के द्वारा किसी संस्थान अथवा व्यक्ति से बातचीत करते हुए उसे रिकॉर्ड कर लेना स्टिंग ओपरेशन कहलाता है।
(ख) इस शैली में महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य तथा सूचनाएँ पहले लिखी जाती हैं और फिर घटते हुए क्रम में अन्य सूचनाएँ लिखते हैं।
(ग) टी० वी० भाषा अत्यंत सरल तथा प्रवाहमय होनी चाहिए।

प्रश्न 5.
(क) इलेक्ट्रॉनिक माध्यम की लोकप्रियता के दो कारण लिखिए।
(ख) ‘एंकर बाइट’ से आप क्या समझते हैं?
(ग) ‘ब्रेकिंग-न्यूज्ञ’ किसे कहा जाता है?
(घ) ‘पीत-पश्रकारिता’ क्या है?
(ङ) समाचार-लेखन के ककारों का उल्लेख कीजिए।
उत्तर :
(क) इलेक्ट्रॉनिक माध्यम की लोकप्रियता के कारण हैं-देखने-सुनने की सुविधा, खबर सीधी दर्शक तक पहुँचती है तथा खबर की पुष्टि दिखाई जाती है।
(ख) दूरदर्शन में किसी समाचार को पुष्ट करने के लिए उससे संबंधित दृश्य, व्यक्तियों और उनके कथनों अदि को दिखा-सुनाकर प्रमाणित करना ‘एंकर बाइट’ कहलाता है।
(ग) अन्य कार्यक्रम रोककर किसी प्रमुख समाचार को दर्शकों तक पहुँचाना क्रेकिंग न्यूज़ कहलाता है।
(घ) सनसनीखेज समाचार पीत-पत्रकारिता कहलाते हैं, जिसके अंतर्गत किसी को बैैमेल भी किया जा सकता है।
(ङ) समाचार-लेखन के छह ककार हैं-क्या, कौन, कब, कहाँ, कैसे और क्यों।

प्रश्न 6.
(क) संपादकीय किसे का जाता है?
(ख) पीत पत्रकारिता का आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ग) स्टिंग ऑपरेशन क्या है ? यह क्यों किया जाता है?
(घ) इलेक्ट्रॉनिक माध्यम की लोकप्रियता के दो कारण लिखिए।
(ङ) आपके विचार से संचार-माध्यमों में कैसी भाषा का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए?
उत्तर :
(क) वह लेख जिसमें किसी मुद्दे के प्रति समाचार-पत्र की अपनी राय प्रकट होती है, उसे संपादकीय कहते हैं।
(ख) सनसनीखेज पत्रकारिता को पीत पत्रकारिता कहते हैं।
(ग) किसी राजनीतिक, व्यापारिक, सरकारी, गैर-सरकारी कार्य पद्धतियों, रिश्वतखोरी, प्रष्टाचार आदि को गुप्त रूप से प्रमाण सहित जानकारी को प्राप्त करने की प्रक्रिया को स्टिग ऑपरेशन कहते हैं। यह सच्चाई को सामने लाने के लिए किए जाते हैं।
(घ) (i) इसमें घटनाक्रम को सुनने के साथ-साथ देख भी सकते हैं।
(ii) इसके द्वारा घटनाक्रम को साफ़ स्पष्ट समझ सकते हैं।
(ङ) हमारे विचार से संचार माध्यमों में सहज सरल भाषा का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में दीजिए-
(क) समाचार किसे कहा जाता हैं?
(ख) समाचार प्रस्तुति की प्रमुख शैली को पिरामिड शैली क्यों कहा जाता है ?
उत्तर :
(क) कोई भी ऐसी घटना, विचार अथवा समस्या की रिपोर्ट जिसमें अनेक लोगों की रुचि हो तथा लोगों पर उसका प्रभाव पड़ता हो, उसे समाचार कहते हैं।
(ख) इसे पिरामिड शैली इसलिए कहा जाता है क्योंकि इसमें पहले इंट्रो उसके बाद बाडी और अंत में समापन सूचना होती है, जिसकी आकृति पिरामिड के आकार की होती है।

प्रश्न 8.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए-
(क) संचार किसे कहते हैं?
(ख) चौथा खंभा किसे कहा जाता है? क्यों?
(ग) समाचार के किन्हीं दो तत्यों का उल्लेख कीजिए।
(घ) पत्रकार की बैसासिखियों से आप क्या समझते हैं?
(ङ) खोजपरक पत्रकारिता से आप क्या समझते है ?
उत्तर :
(क) एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान तक सूचना भेजने का माध्यम संचार कहलाता है।
(ख) चौथा खंभा पत्रकारिता को कहा जाता है क्योंकि इसका न्यायपालिका, कार्यपालिका एवं विधानपालिका के पश्चात चौथा स्थान है।
(ग) (i) फोन इन-फ़ोन के माध्यम से सूचना लेना।
(ii) लाइव-सीधा प्रसारण।
(घ) पत्रकार के गुणों को पत्रकार की वैशाखियाँ कहते हैं।
(ङ) ऐसी पत्रकारिता जिससे पत्रकार गहन छानबीन कर सूचनाएँ पृथक करता है उसे खोजी पत्रकारिता कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 9.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए –
(क) मुत्रित माध्यम की किन्ठी दो खुखियों का उल्लेख कीजिए।
(ख) फ्रीलांसर किसे कहा जाता है ?
(ग) संपादन के सिद्धांत के सूप में ‘निष्पक्ष्ता’ के सिद्धांत से क्या तात्पर्य है?
(घ) भारत में दूरदर्शन के किन्हीं दो उद्देश्यों का उल्लेख कीजिए।
(ङ) खोजी रिपोर्ट की आवश्यकता कब पड़ती है ?
उत्तर :
(क) (i) मुद्रित माध्यम एक स्थायी माध्यम है।
(ii) इसे एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर आसानी से ले जाया जा सकता है।
(ख) जो पत्रकार किसी समाचार पत्र के लिए स्वतंत्र रूप से भुगतान के आधार पर लिखते हैं उन्हें फ्रीलांसर अथवा स्वतंत्र पत्रकार कहते है।
(ग) निष्पक्षता के सिद्धांत से तात्पर्य है कि संपादन निष्पक्ष होकर करना चाहिए। उसमें किसी के प्रति कोई भेदभाव नहीं करना चाहिए।
(घ) (i) जनसामान्य तक खबरें पहुँचाना
(ii) खबरों की प्रामाणिकता सिद्ध करना
(iii) जनकल्याण हेतु कार्य करना
(iv) देश हित के लिए तत्पर रहना
(ङ) जब किसी गहन मुद्द्र की छानबीन की जाती है तब खोजी रिपोर्ट की आवश्यकता पड़ती है।

प्रश्न 10.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए :
(क) प्रेंट मीडिया से आप क्या समझते हैं?
(खा) दूरदर्शन वैज्ञानिक चेतना का विकास कैसे कर सकता है?
(ग) समाचार शब्द को परिभाषित कीजिए।
(घ) समाचार संकलन में ‘स्रोत’ का महत्व लिखिए।
(ङ) संचार को ‘दुधारी अस्र्र’ क्यों कहा जाता है ? संक्षेप में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
(क) प्रिंट मीडिया से तात्पर्य मुद्रित माध्यम से है। पत्रकारिता के क्षेत्र में मुद्रित माध्यम को प्रिंट मीडिया कहा जाता है।
(ख) दूरदर्शन समय-समय पर वैज्जानिक शोध, अनुसंधान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी से संबंधित कार्यक्रम दिखाकर जनसामान्य को प्रेरित करके वैज्ञानिक चेतना का विकास कर सकता है।
(ग) समाचार से तात्पर्य सूचना से है। जिससे कोई सूचना या खबर मिलती है उसे समाचार कहते हैं।
(घ) समाचार संकलन में सोत का बहुत महत्व है। सोत के माध्यम से ही समाचार प्राप्त होते हैं। जैसे पी॰्टी०आई० एक महत्वपूर्ण सोत है।
(ङ) संचार को दुधारी अस्त्र इसलिए कहा जाता है क्योंकि यह दोनों तरफ से वार करता है। यह जनमानस को दोनों तरफ से प्रभावित करता है।

प्रश्न 11.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में दीजिए-
(क) एंकर-पैकेज क्या होता है?
(ख) स्तंभ लेखन से क्या अभिप्राय है?
(ग) विशेष-लेखन किसे कहते हैं?
(घ) मुद्रित माध्यम की किसी एक विशेषता का उल्लेख कीजिए।
(ङ) पत्रकारिता की वैशाखियों से क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर :
(क) एक एंकर को किसी भी समाचार को संपूर्णता के साथ प्रस्तुत करने हेतु जो पैकेज दिया जाता है उसे उसका एंकर-पैकेज कहते हैं।
(ख) स्तंभ-लेखक द्वारा किसी भी समाचार-पत्र में नियमित रूप से लिखे गए विचारपरक लेखन को स्तंभ लेखन कहा जाता है।
(ग) सामान्य लेखन से हटकर विशेष-विषयों पर किए गए लेखन को विशेष-लेखन कहते हैं।
(घ) मुद्रित माध्यम एक स्थली माध्यम है।
(ङ) जिनके सहारे पत्रकारिता फल-फूल रही है उन्हें पत्रकारित की वैशाखियाँ कहा जाता है। पत्रकारिता में संपादक, उपसंपादक, पत्रकार आदि सब उसकी वैशाखियाँ है।

प्रश्न 12.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए-
(क) एंकर-बाइड से क्या तात्पर्य है?
(ख) इंटरनेट का प्रचलन आजकल क्यों अधिक हो रहा है?
(ग) पीत पश्रकारिता से क्या तात्पर्य है?
(घ) रेडियो-समाचार की भाषा कैसी होनी चाहिए?
(ङ) पत्रकारीय लेखन क्या होता है?
उत्तर :
(क) किसी भी समाचार को प्रमाणित करने के लिए उससे संबंधित बाइट दिखाए जाते हैं। जिसे एंकर बाइट कहा जाता है।
(ख) सूचना प्रौद्यौगिकी आधुनिकता एवं युवा वर्ग की सोच के कारण इंटरनेट का प्रचलन अधिक हो रहा है। दूसरे इससे समाचारों का संप्रेषण, पुष्ट एवं सत्यापन होता है।
(ग) सनसनीखेज पत्रकारिता को पीत पत्रकारिता कहते है।
(घ) रेडियो समाचार की भाषा सरल एवं स्पष्ट होनी चाहिए।
(ङ) विधिन्न समाचार-पत्रों में लेखकों द्वारा किए गए लेखन को पत्रकारीय लेखन कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 13.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में दीजिए-
(क) समाचार-लेखन के छह ककार कौन-कौन से हैं?
(ख) उलटा पिरामिड शैली किसे कहते हैं?
(ग) खोजी रिपोर्ट क्या होती है?
(घ) विशेष लेखन से क्या तात्पर्य है?
(ङ) रेडियो की भाषा की कोई दो प्रमुख विशेषताएँ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
(क) कौन, कहाँ, कब, कैसे, किसने, क्यों।
(ख) जिस शैली में सबसे पहले महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य तथा बाद में कम महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य देकर समाप्त कर दिया जाए उसे उलटा पिरामिड शैली कहते हैं।
(ग) जिस रिपोट्ट में किसी विषय की गहन खोजबीन की जाए उसे खोजी रिपोर्ट कहते हैं।
(घ) सामान्य विषयों की अपेक्षा विशेष विषयों पर किए गए लेखन को विशेष लेखन कहते हैं।
(ङ) (i) रेडियो की भाषा सरल एवं सहज होती है।
(ii) रेडियो की भाषा जन सामान्य के अनुकूल होनी चाहिए।

प्रश्न 14.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में दीजिए-
(क) समाचार किसे कहते हैं?
(ख) पत्रकारीय-लेखन किसे कहते हैं?
(ग) फ्रीलांसर पत्रकार से आप क्या समझते हैं?
(घ) फ्रैश या ब्रेकिंग न्यूज्त से क्या तात्पर्य है?
(ङ) मुद्रण माध्यम की दो विशेषताएँ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
(क) किसी घटना की सूचना जो हाल ही में पारित हुई हो समाचार कहलाती है। ऐसी सूचना जो जनसामान्य की रुचि के अनुसार हो।
(ख) विभिन्न समाचार-पत्रों में पत्रकार के द्वारा किए गए लेखन को पत्रकारीय लेखन कहते हैं।
(ग) वह पत्रकार जो किसी भी समाचार-पत्र में स्वतंत्र रूप से भुगतान के आधार पर लिखता है उसे फ्रीलांसर पत्रकार कहते हैं।
(घ) जो विशेष समाचार सर्वप्रथम दर्शकों तक पहुँचाया जाता है उसे फ्रैश अथवा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज़ कहते हैं।
(ङ) (i) मुद्रण माध्यम स्थायी होता है। (ii) मुद्रण माध्यम में संशोधन संभव है।

प्रश्न 15.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में दीजिए –
(क) भारत में पहला छापाखाना कब और कहाँ खोला गया?
(ख) टेलीविजन पर समाचार वाचक की किन्ही दो विशेषताओं पर प्रकाश ज्ञालिए।
(ग) संपादकीय किसे कहते हैं?
(घ) भारत में वेब पत्रकारिता की शुरुआत करने का श्रेय किसे दिया जाता है?
(ङ) इन-डेप्य रिपोर्ट किसे कहा जाता है और उसकी क्या उपयोगिता होती है?
उत्तर :
(क) भारत में पहला छापाखाना सन 1556 ईं० में गोवा में खोला गया।
(ख) (i) समाचार वाचक की भाषा-शैली सरल एवं सहज होनी चाहिए। (ii) वाचक की शब्दावली स्पष्ट होनी चाहिए।
(ग) किसी ज्वलंत मुद्दे पर समाचार-पत्र की राय को संपादकीय कहते हैं।
(घ) नई दुनिया को।
(ङ) वह रिपोर्ट जिसमें पत्रकार गहराई में जाकर सूचना एकत्रित करता है उसे इन-डेफ्थ रिपोर्ट कहते हैं। इसकी यह उपयोगिता है कि इसमें गहन मुद्यों की गहनता से रिपोट्ट तैयार की जाती है।

प्रश्न 16.
खोजी रिपोर्ट किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर :
जब किसी विषय की गहरी छानबीन करने के पश्चात विशेष तथ्यों और सूचनाओं को सार्वजनिक रूप से सामने लाया जाता है तो उसे खोजी रिपोर्ट कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 17.
प्रधान संपादक के दो कायाँ का उल्लेख कीजिए।
उत्तर :
प्रधान संपादक पत्र की नीतियों को निर्धारित करता है। वह समाचारों की अशुद्धियों को दूर कर सकता है। उस के द्वारा संपादकीय डेस्क के सभी विभिन्न कायों का कार्य निर्धारित किया जाता है। उसी के द्वारा प्रमुख कार्यों का निरीक्षण किया जाता है। उसी के द्वारा समाचार संगठन में द्वारपाल की भूमिका भी निभाई जाती है।