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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 14 Julius Caesar are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 14 Julius Caesar.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 14 Julius Caesar

TextBook Questions

Question 1.
Consult a dictionary and find out the difference between
(a) killing
(b) murder
(c) assassination.
Answer:
(а) ‘killing’ means : to cause the death of somebody or something
(b) ‘murder’ means : unlawful killing of a human being intentionally
(c) ‘assassination’ means : killing an important or famous person for money or for political reasons.

Question 2.
Popular and powerful leaders have been assassinated in the past and in recent times. Can you name some of them?
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
Possible reason for Assassination
Mahatma Gandhi

• Systematic brainwashing by the people who are staunch racists. As in the case of Gandhiji, hardcore Hindus were against him thinking him to be responsible for creating Pakistan, a separate country.

Indira Gandhi

• Resistance against authority
• Arranging the military attack on Harmandir Sahib during Operation Blue Star.

Abraham Lincoln

• Opposition to his legacy – abolition of slavery in the United States.
• feeling of insecurity among supporters of slavery.

Martin Luther King Jr.

• Political motives, i.e. enemies seeking revenge .
• Deep-seated racial prejudice and jealousy

Rajiv Gandhi

• Feeling of insecurity among LTTE leaders.
• To prevent him from coming to power and disarm LTTE.
• Security lapses
• Rajiv Gandhi was warned about the possibility of an attack and a threat to his life.
• Meeting with LTTE delegation, made Rajiv complacent about his security.
  (students may form groups and discuss the above points in detail.)
  In my opinion, assassination is not the end to a problem. One must try to sort out the matter by the means of discussion and looking at the problem with a different outlook.
  Points for discussion in the context of present and past assassinations
  If we look at history, we will find the instances of a large number of politicians assassinated under different circumstances. These are ‘targeted killings’ undertaken for various reasons ranging from political and ideological differences, to attract media attention, etc. Earlier, there was a high demand to kill rulers who impose their rules on the population. In a country like India with many ethnicities and religions and differentTnte’rests, it is very difficult for a ruler or leader to satisfy their preferences and is more likely to attract attacks.

Sometimes an assassination aims at creating chaos, irrespective of the leaders policies. The dominant position of the American President Kennedy, made him an attractive target.
These political murders can be avoided by minimising political oppression.

Question 3.
Discuss in groups the reasons why the leaders you named in (2) were assassinated. Is assassination the end to a problem?
Have a group discussion on the topic in the context of past/present day political assassinations.
Answer:
Self-Attempt

Question 4.
The play Julius Caesar can be performed on the stage. The first step would be a reading of the play as a whole class. Your teacher will then have an audition and assign you roles. Later the play can be put up on the stage.
Given below are some suggestions and sites which may be visited for instructions regarding set-design, costumes and direction.
http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/
http://shakespeare.palomar.edu/theatre.htm
http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/xGlobe.html
http://www.shakespearetheatre.org/plays/details.aspx?id=l 15
http://www.zunal.com/process.php?w=56091
Answer:
Self-Attempt

Question 5.
Answer the following questions by ticking the correct options.
1. When Caesar says “Nor heaven nor earth have been at peace to-night” he sounds …………
(a) worried
(b) angry
(c) joyous
(d) frightened.
Answer:
(a) worried

2. Caesar’s reference to the senators as ‘graybeards’ shows his …………
(a) confidence
(b) cowardice
(c) arrogance
(d) ambition.
Answer:
(c) arrogance

3. Decius Brutus changes Caesar’s mind about going to the Senate by appealing to his …………
(a) ambition
(b) vanity
(c) greed
(d) generosity.
Answer:
(a) ambition

4. The offer that Cassius makes to Antony after Caesar’s assassination is that …………
(a) the conspirators would like to be friends with him
(b) he may take Caesar’s body to the pulpit and speak to the crowd praising Caesar for his achievements
(c) his recommendations will be as strong as that of the conspirators while distributing the powers and benefits to friends
(d) he may join the conspiracy against Caesar
Answer:
(c) his recommendations will be as strong as that of the conspirators while distributing the powers and benefits to friends

5. Cassius tries to stop Brutus from letting Antony speak at Caesar’s funeral as he …………
(а) knows the Roman mob loves Caesar and Antony
(b) knows Brutus is not a good orator
(c) knows they should not have killed Caesar
(d) knows Antony is a good orator who can sway the mob.
Answer:
(d) knows Antony is a good orator who can sway the mob.

6. What prophecy does Antony make over Caesar’s dead body?
(a) Romans will see Caesar’s ghost roaming on the streets
(b) Rome will experience fierce civil war in which many people will die
(c) Rome will be ruled by Ate
(d) Roman women will smile at the death of Caesar.
Answer:
(b) Rome will experience fierce civil war in which many people will die

7. After listening to Brutus’ speech, the Third Citizen says ‘Let him be Caesar’. This clearly shows he …………
(a) has not understood Brutus’ reason for killing Caesar
(b) loved Caesar more than he loves Brutus
(c) loves Brutus more than he loved Caesar
(d) thinks Brutus killed Caesar to assume power.
Answer:
(a) has not understood Brutus’ reason for killing Caesar

8. When Antony calls the conspirators ‘honourable men’ his tone is …………
(a) admiring
(b) flattering
(c) angry
(d) mocking
Answer:
(d) mocking

9. Antony’s reference to Caesar’s conquest of the Nervii is to …………
(а) remind the mob of Caesar’s greatness as a warrior
(b) make the mob feel afraid of being attacked by the war-like race
(c) make the crowd weep for Caesar who died at war
(d) stop and collect his emotions as he is feeling very upset.
Answer:
(а) remind the mob of Caesar’s greatness as a warrior

10. Antony’s remark Mischief, thou art afoot,
Take thou what course thou wilt! shows him to be …………
(a) a ruthless manipulator
(b) an honourable man
(c) a loyal friend
(d) a tactful man
Answer:
(d) a tactful man

Question 6.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) How do the heavens ‘blaze forth’ the death of Julius Caesar?
Answer:
It is said that when princes or kings die a star gets pulled from the sky. This star shoots and falls. This leaves behind a shining light. This happened on the day Caesar died.

(b) What does Calpurnia try to convince Caesar of?
Answer:
Calpurnia tries to convince Caesar not to go to senate house as nature is showing unusual signs. She fears that some untoward incident might happen with her husband.

(c) Why does Calpurnia say ‘Caesar’s wisdom is consumed in confidence’? What does she mean?
Answer:
Calpurnia tries to convince Caesar against going to Senate House by saying that his reasoning has been devoured by his overconfidence. That is why he is not able to take a right decision whether to go to Senate House or not.

(d) What does Calpurnia dream about Caesar? How does Decius Brutus interpret the dream?
Answer:
Calpurnia foresees in her dream the assassination of Julius Caesar. She sees in her dream Caesar’s body being transformed into a fountain from which his blood is spouting and Romans smilingly washing their hands in his blood. Brutus interprets that blood coming out of Caesars body shall enrich Rome. People shall soak their handkerchiefs in his blood and keep them as their prized possession fomgenerations to come.

(e) What are the arguments put forward by Decius Brutus to convince Caesar to go to the Capitol?
Answer:
Brutus says that Romans wanted to offer the crown to the mighty Caesar. If he did not go that day, they might change their minds. He also convinces him that the dream will prove to be auspicious.

(f) Why is Decius more successful than Calpurnia in persuading Caesar?
Answer:
Decius knew what Caesar wanted to hear. He knew that Caesar would easily be flattered by praise. So he used such a language which flattered him easily whereas Calpurnia was very fearful of her husbands wellbeing. So her language and tone did not match Caesars way of thinking. Caesar also thought that his wife was asking him to act as a coward.

(g) What is the petition put before Caesar by the conspirators? How does Caesar respond to it?
Answer:
The conspirators put a supplication before Caesar that he should free Publius Cimber from banishment. Caesar refuses to do so.

(h) Who says “Et tu Brute”? When are these words spoken? Why?
Answer:
These words were the last words of Julius Caesar when he was being stabbed by his own friends. These were spoken as his closest friend Brutus also stabbed him. Caesar could not believe that such a close friend could also backstab him.

(i) In the moments following Caesar’s death what do the conspirators proclaim to justify Caesar’s death?
Answer:
The conspirators proclaimed that Caesar was so ambitious that he would have enslaved all the Roman citizens.. Thus they killed Caesar to protect Rome and her people from him. Also that he would have become a tyrant.

(j) Seeing the body of Caesar, Antony is overcome by grief What does he say about Caesar?
Answer:
Antony is overwhelmed with grief on seeing Caesar’s body. He proclaims that in spite of his conquests, glories, triumphs and spoils, he lies so low. He offers to be killed and lie by Caesars side and he calls the conspirators as ‘choice’ and ‘master spirits’ of his age.

(k) Whom does Antony call “the choice and master spirits of this age”? Why?
Answer:
Antony calls Brutus and the others who have murdered Caesar as ‘the choice and master spirits of this age’ because they are the ones who take this decision to murder somebody as great as Caesar. He wants them to even kill him and lay him beside Caesar.

(l) How do Brutus and Cassius respond to Antony’s speech?
Answer:
Brutus asks Antony not to beg for his own death because they had killed Caesar with a purpose. They are not Antony’s enemies. He offers his arms of friendship to Antony and proclaims him to be their friend. Cassius says that with Antony by their side, he shall be strong like others and Antony’s words will carry much credibility as anybody else in the distribution of the new offices and honours.

(m) Why does Cassius object to allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral? How does Brutus overcome this objection?
Answer:
Cassius objects to allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral because he fears that Antony would move the people against them. Brutus overrules the objection saying that he himself would speak first and give a reason for Caesar’s murder. He will also tell people that Antony had been allowed to speak by his permission and that he should speak only after him.

(n) What are the conditions imposed by the conspirators before allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral?
Answer:
Conspirators agree to allow Antony to speak but Brutus will speak first giving reasons for killing Caesar. Antony could speak only after Brutus finishes and he must tell people that he had been given permission to speak by Cassius and Brutus. He would speak from the same pulpit as Brutus. Antony should not blame them for the killing of Julius Caesar.

(o) When he is left alone with the body of Caesar what does Antony call Brutus and the others?
Answer:
Antony begs pardon for he is being meek and gende with Caesar’s killers. He calls Caesar ‘a bleeding piece of earth’ and ‘ruins of the noblest man that ever lived in the tide of times’. He curses the hands that shed the cosdy blood of Caesar.

(p) What prediction does Antony make regarding the future events in Rome?
Answer:
Antony predicts that ‘domestic fury and fierce civil strife’ shall spread in Italy. Blood and destruction shall rage the country. Mothers shall go mad and smile when they’ll see their children slaughtered. The earth shall be covered with dead bodies lying for burial. Caesar’s spirit shall roam about for revenge and his spirit will be accompanied by Ate, the goddess of strife, who would come from hell.

(q) What reasons does Brutus give for murdering Caesar?
Answer:
Brutus says that he loved Caesar but loved Rome more. If Caesar had lived, he would have made all Romans slaves because he was ‘ambitious’. Would the people of Rome have liked that? They killed Caesar so that the people of Rome could be free. Brutus puts Caesar in wrong light saying that Caesar was ‘ambitious’. Therefore he had killed Caesar for the good of the country.

(r) Who says, “Let him be Caesar”? What light does this throw on the speaker?
Answer:
Third citizen says that. The speaker had deep respect and regard for the person spoken about. He idealises Caesar and wishes to give the same respectable position to Brutus.

(s) Why is Antony’s speech more effective?
Answer:
Antony’s speech is more effective because he knows what and how to speak. He articulates emotionally and tactfully to arouse emotions of the crowd so as to prepare them to take revenge.

(t) At the end of the scene what is the fate of Brutus and Cassius?
Answer:
Brutus and Cassius fall apart. They are defeated in a war with Antony and Octavius Caesar and later they commit suicide.

Question 7.
Julius Caesar and Antony reveal something about their character in their words and actions. We also learn about them from what other people say. Can you pick out the words that describe them from the box given below ? Also, pick out lines from the play to illustrate your choice.

Person	Extract from play	What it tells us about the character
Julius Caesar	1. the things that threaten’d me Ne’er look’d but on my back; when they shall see The face of Caesar, they are vanished	1. arrogant
	2. ___________________________
	3. ___________________________
	4. ___________________________
	5. ___________________________
	6. ___________________________
Mark Antony	1.___________________________ ____________________________	1. Loyal
	2. ___________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________
	3. ___________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________
	4. ___________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________
	5.___________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

Answer:
Words for Julius Caesar

What it tells us about the character	Extract from play
overconfident	…danger knows full well That Caesar is more dangerous than he! We are two lions litter’d in one day…
brave	Yet Caesar shall go forth; for these predictions Are to the world in general as to Caesar.
great conqueror	..0 mighty Caesar! dost thou lie so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure?….
generous	To every Roman citizen he gives, To every several man, seventy-five drachmas.
firm	If I could pray to move, prayers would move me: But I am constant as the northern star, ….
Words for Antony
Loyal	1. Shall it not grieve thee dearer than thy death, To see thy Antony making his peace. 2. Thou art the ruins of the noblest man. That ever lived in the tide of times.
manipulate	When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept: Ambition should be made of sterner stuff: Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man.
good orator	1. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to buy Caesar, not to praise him. 2. Now mark him, he begins again to speak. 3. To stir men’s blond. I only speak right on I tell you that which you yourselves do know,.. Cassius: You know not what you do: do not consent, that Antony speak in his funeral:

Question 8.
In the play ‘Julius Caesar’, we meet the Roman mob. We find that as Brutus and Antony speak, the mob displays certain qualities and characteristics.
Given below are some characteristics of the mob. Complete the table by quoting the lines wherein these are revealed.

Words/ actions of the mob	Characteristics
1. ___________________	Fooolish
2. ___________________	Does not understand the ideals of de­mocracy
3. ___________________	Emotional
4. ___________________	Greedy
5. ___________________	Fickle
4. ____________________	Violent

Answer:

Words/ actions of the mot	Characteristics
First Citizen This Caesar was a tyrant. Third Citizen Nay, that’s certain. We are blest that Rome is rid of hirm ’	Fooolish
Second Citizen: We will be revenged All Revenge! AboutlSeek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Stay! let not a traitor live!	Does not understand the ideals of democracy
Second Citizen: Poor soul his eyes are red as fire with weeping. Third Citizen : There’s not a noble man in Rome than Antony.	Emotional
All: The will the testa ment! Second Citizen: They were villians, murderers the will! read the will. Fourth Citizen: Read the will; will hear it, Antony; You shall read us the will, Caesar’s will.	Greedy
First Citizen: Me thinks there is much reason in his sayings. Second Citizen: If thou consider rightly of the matter, Caesar has had great wrong. Third Citizen: Has he, masters? 1 fear there will a worse come in his place.	Fickle
All: We’ll mutiny First Citizen: We’ll, burn the house of Brufus. First Citizen: We’ll burn his body in the holy place, and with the brands fire the traitor’s houses.	Violent

Question 9.
Antony employs a number of devices to produce the desired effect on the mob. These devices maybe described as rhetorical devices. He first speaks in such a manner that it seems to the mob that he is in full agreement with Brutus about Caesar. Then step by step he moves away from Brutus’ position, depicting Brutus as a villain and Caesar as a wronged man. Copy and complete the following table by showing how Antony builds the argument in Caesar’s favour.
Answer:

Antoy’s words	Argument
1. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.	Does not wish to eulogise Caesar
2. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious : If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answer’d it.	Seemingly agrees with Brutus
3., He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says h% was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man.	Suspects Brutus’ intentions
4. 1 speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, But here 1 am to speak what 1 do know. You all did love him once, not without cause: What cause withholds you then, to mourn for him?	Tries to restore citizen’s faith in Caesar’s greatness.
5. O masters, if 1 were disposed to stir Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage……………… 1 rather choose. To wrong the deed, to wrong myself and you………..	Succeeded in making the citizens realise Brutus’, wrong doing and change their views about Caesar.
6. Would ruffle up your spirits and put a  ongue in every wound of Caesar that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.	Openly proves Brutus wrong and challenges public to take revenge of Caesar’s death.

Question 10.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow :

1. Caesar: Cowards die many times before their deaths ;
The valiant never taste of death but once.
Of all the wonders that I yet have heard.
It seems to me most strange that men should fear ;
Seeing that death, a necessary end,
Will come when it will come.
(a) Whom is Caesar speaking to? Why does he say these words?
(b) What fears has the listener expressed?
(c) What is the basis for the fears expressed?
Answer:
(a) Caesar is speaking to his wife, Calpurnia. Calpurnia expresses her fears to him that she has seen a bad dream and Caesar should not go out. Caesar, being brave, does not agree with her and says these words to make her understand the futility of her dreams.
(b) The listener has expressed the fear of Caesar being killed by somebody.
(c) The speaker, Calpurnia, has seen most unnatural things in the dream like a lioness yelping, blood drizzling frormsky; ghost shrieking, etc. that makes her request Caesar to stay at home and not go out.

2. But here’s a parchment with the seal of Caesar ;
I found it in his closet, ’tis his Will:
Let but the commons hear this testament—
Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read—
And they would go and kiss dead Caesar’s wounds
(a) Who speaks these words? Where is the speaker at this moment?
(b) What are the contents of Caesar’s Will that he is referring to?
(c) Why does the speaker read Caesar’s Will to the citizens?
(d) What is the reaction of the listeners to the reading of the Will?
Answer:
(a) Antpny speaks these words. He is at the market-place speaking to the mob from the pulpit.
(b) Caesar has given every Roman citizen, seventy-five drachmas and he has also left his orchards and private harbours for all the people.
(c) The speaker wants to unveil the truth, in front of everybody. He has resolved to avenge the murder of Caesar.
(d) The listeners are aroused and realize the truth. They repent their folly of misunderstanding Caesar and decide to take a revenge.

Activity

Question 11.
Stage a press conference that takes place shortly after Caesar’s death. The “reporters” should have their questions written down ahead of time to ask the students who play the roles of Brutus, Antony, and Cassius. These questions should focus on the key events in the play, as well as the characters’ intentions.
Answer:
Reporter (to Brutus): Caesar was your friend, still you killed him. Do you think you are right in doing this?
Brutus: Yes, I don’t think I have done anything wrong. You can see only my deed but you don’t know the reason behind that. Caesar was overambitious and in Rome’s interest, it was necessary to kill him.
Reporter (To Cassius) Do you have any comments to make on the conspiracy that you instigated? Can you justify your action?
Cassius: Of course, we have our own honourable motives behind the conspiracy. Caesar was getting too ambitious to become a dictator. Morover he was not ready „ to free Publius Cimber.
Reporter (to Antony) What do you have to say in this regard? Do you agree with what they say?
Antony: I am top shocked to utter even a single word. The mighty Caesar is no more! My grief knows no bounds! To agree or not to agree with them is not a matter of concern. What matters to me more is why they have killed Caesar at all?
Reporter (To Brutus): What is your real motive behind asking Antony to join you? Do you intend to hide your crime?
Brutus: I have not committed any crime. I offer fo receive Antony out of love and respecf for him as he is a nice person.
Reporter (To Antony) What is your attitude towards the offer that you have from Brutus?
Antony: I am keen to know the reasons behind Caesar’s murder. Before accepting – their offer, I want to take Caesar’s body to the market place and speak at the funeral ceremony.
Cassius disagrees but Brutus satisfies him by saying that he need not worry about that and the conference dispersed.

Question 12.
Questions for Further Study:
Given below are some questions based on reading of the play ‘Julius Caesar’. These questions are not for testing in the Exam. These are for a deeper understanding of the play and the characters.
(a) Why was the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar hatched?
(b) Was Caesar really ambitious? Find evidence from the play to support your answer.
(c) What was Cassius’ motive for murdering Julius Caesar?
(d) Why was it essential for the conspirators to include Brutus in the conspiracy?
(e) What were the mistakes made by Brutus that led to the failure of the conspiracy?
(f) Comment on Caesar’s friendship with Antony.
(g) Write a brief character sketch of Antony.
(h) What is the role of Julius Caesar’s ghost in the play, Julius Caesar?
(i) Why does Antony call Brutus ‘the noblest Roman of them all’?
(j) How do Brutus and Cassius meet their end?
Answer:
(a) Decius Brutus and Cassius were jealous of Caesar’s growing popularity and thought Caesar was too ambitious to get the crown. In spite of being Caesars friend, Brutus joined the conspiracy with Cassius to bring democracy in Rome.
(b) No, Caesar was not ambitious. He refused the crown that Mark Antony offered him after his victorious return.

(c) Cassius wanted to be powerful but Caesar’s growing power and the fear that Caesar might become a dictator one day, prompted him to instigate a conspiracy to murder Caesar.

(d) Brutus was the most trusted and respected in Rome and to gain legitimacy in the eyes of the Romans, it was necessary for the conspirators to win over the noble Brutus to their side.

(e) Brutus allowed Antony to speak at the funeral ceremony of Caesar. Though Cassius had warned him beforehand, he allowed Antony to speak and that led to the failure of the conspiracy.

(f) Caesar and Antony were great friends. Antony was Caesars most loyal friend. He was gready pained to see Caesar’s body lying on the ground and requested Cassius to kill him also as he could not bear separation from Caesar.

(g) Antony was a good orator and a loyal friend who, by the power of his geniuses, was able to reveal the reality of the conspirators before the general public. He was agonised deeply on losing his best friend, Caesar, and resolved to take revenge on the conspirators at all costs. He was just and determined.

(h) Antony prophesied that Caesar’s ghost would come with Ate, the Greek goddess of revenge, and would cry ‘Havoc’ in a voice suitable to a monarch. The foul deed of the murderers would come to the fore making them unable to bear the pain, they would groan for burial amidst all the chaos and confusion of war.

(i) Antony calls Brutus, ‘the noblest Roman of them all’ in a satirical manner. He wanted Romans to know the malicious motives of Brutus and avenge Caesar’s death.

(j) Antony was able to incite the mob against Brutus and Cassius very cleverly. They vowed to burn Caesar’s body in the holy place and with the brands fire the traitors’ houses. They met their end and Antony was able to avenge the death of Caesar.

Question 13.
A reporter covers the event of the assassination of Julius Caesar in the senate giving graphic details and a catchy headline. Write the newspaper report in about 200 words.
Answer:

The Mighty Caesar Falls

I witnessed the brutal and cold-Blooded murder of Caesar by his great friend Brutus and other conspirators that included the honourable Cassius as well.

It came as a shock when Caesar was caught unawares and attacked by sword repeatedly by Cassius, Brutus and other conspirators. The blood of the bold and courageous general was there for all to see. Such a valiant general who brought laurels to Rome was brutally murdered. These men were jealous of his fame and popularity. Antony who loved Caesar took his body to the public place where all the people of Rome could see it.

Brutus was the first one to address the people. He justified the murder saying that Caesar had become too ambitious and that prompted them to take such a step. He said that he loved Caesar but loved his country more than Caesar. The people of Rome were convinced with what he said. Then came Antony who drew the attention of the people to the valiant Caesar and what all he had done for his country and countrymen. He told them that Caesar had bequeathed his will to the people of Rome. It is then that people understood the wrong done by the conspirators. They decided to avenge the killing of Caesar.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 14 Julius Caesar help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 14 Julius Caesar, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

The New Player in the Team Summary

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 11 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 11 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 11 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

TextBook Questions

Question 1.
Look at the picture carefully and answer the questions given below :

(a) What can you see in the picture? Does the man look happy? Give reasons for your answer.
(b) Why does he have the bird hanging around his neck?
(c) Have you heard of the expression—‘having an albatross around your neck’ ? What do you think it means ? Does it mean ………………..?
(i) something that you can always be proud of
(ii) something that you have to do because you have no choice
(iii) something that is with you all the time as a reminder that you have done something wrong ?

(d) What is an Albatross?
Answer:
(a) I can see a man with a dead albatross hanging around his neck. The man seemed deeply distressed and repentant over his deed.
(b) The bird is a reminder of his evil action and symbolises a punishment for the sin he had committed.
(c) Self attempt
(d) An albatross is a white ocean bird with very large wings. It symbolises a thing that causes anxiety concern.

Question 2.
The teacher will now assign roles and ask you to read the poem aloud to show how the poem has been written in the first person (the parts in quotation marks spoken by the Mariner) and in the third person (where the narrator comments about the events taking place).
Answer:
Self-Attempt

Question 3.
Here are some of the archaic words used in the poem; can you match them with the words used in modem English language that mean the same? The first one has been done for you as an example :

Answer:
(b) – (xviii)
(c) – (i)
(d) – (x)
(e) – (iv)
(f) – (ix)
(g) – (xix)
(h) – (v)
(i) – (vi)
(j) – (xx)
(k) – (viii)
(l) – (xxi)
(m) – (xi)
(n) – (ii)
(o) – (xii)
(p) – (xiii)
(q) – (xiv)
(r) – (vii)
(s) – (xv)
(t) – (xvi)
(u) – (xvii)

Question 4.
Using the words given above rewrite PART I of the poem in your own words. The first stanza has been done as an example :

It is an ancient Mariner,
And he stoppeth one of three.
‘By thy long grey beard and glittering eye,
Now wherefore stopp’st thou me?

An old sailor stopped one of the three people passing by, who asked: “Old man, with your long grey beard and glittering eye, why are you stopping me ?”

The bridegroom’s doors are opened wide.
And I am next of kin;
The guests are met, the feast is set:
May’st hear the merry din.
Answer:
The man chided the mariner if he could not hear the happy sounds as he was a close relative of the bridegroom and the doors of the marriage venue were opened. He firnher added that the guests had arrived and the dinner was arranged.

He holds him with his skinny hand,
“There was a ship,” quoth he.
‘Hold off! unhand me, grey-beard loon!’
Eftsoons his hand dropt he.
Answer:
But the old man held him with his skinny hands and said : There was a ship………………… The man at once freed his hand from the old man’s grip and said, “stop you mad old man. leave me”.

He holds him with his glittering eye-
The Wedding-Guest stood still.
And listens like a three years’ child:
The Mariner hath his will.
Answer:
The mariner hypnotized the wedding guest with his glittering eyes and the guest could not move. He listened to the old mariner like a small child of three and the mariner had his will.

The Wedding-Guest sat on a stone:
He cannot choose but hear;
And thus spake on that ancient man.
The bright-eyed Mariner.
Answer:
Not having any other option, the wedding guest, helplessly sat on a stone and so the ancient mariner spoke continuously.

“The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared.
Merrily did we drop
Below the kirk, below the hill.
Below the lighthouse top.
Answer:
The old mariner continued telling his story: We started our journey by the sea cheerfully and the ship sailed below the church, below the hill and below the lighthouse top.

The sun came up upon the left,
Out of the sea came he!
And he shone bright, and on the right
Went down into the sea.
Answer:
The sun rose everyday from the left and set on the right after shining brightly for the whole day.

Higher and higher every day.
Till over the mast at noon-
The Wedding-Guest here beat his breast.
For he heard the loud bassoon.
Answer:
“Everyday the sun rose higher until it was just above our head at noon,” the old man dreamily said. By now the guest was getting impatient on hearing the sound of the bassoon, a musical instrument.

The bride hath paced into the hall.
Red as a rose is she;
Nodding their heads before her goes
The merry minstrelsy.
Answer:
The bassoon itself signified the rosy bride had entered into the hall accompanied by a band of happy singers and musicians.                                                                                                                                            ,

The Wedding-Guest he beat his breast,
Yet he cannot choose but hear;
And thus spake on that ancient man.
The bright-eyed Mariner.
Answer:
The guest was too eager to go from there and was cursing himself as well as was getting irritated but he. had no other option than to listen to that ancient man who spoke continuously.

“And now the storm-blast came, and he
Was tyrannous and strong:
He struck with his o’ertaking wings.
And chased us south along.
Answer:
The old man continued: “We were chased towards south by a severe and strong sea-storm that completely overtook us.”

With sloping masts and dipping prow,
As who pursued with yell and blow
Still treads the shadow of his foe.
And forward bends his head.
The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast,
And southward aye we fled.
Answer:
The old mariner recalled his horrible experience: “The ship’s front part dipped in the sea and the masts dropped down. The storm drove the ship southward with such force that the ship seemed to chase an enemy fiercely with a bent head.

And now there came both mist and snow,
And it grew wondrous cold:
And ice, mast-high, came floating by.
As green as emerald.
Answer:
The old man narrated his tale of woe unaware of the state of the mind of the wedding guest. “It grew icy cold with mist and snow everywhere. The ship was surrounded by big, bright green pieces of floating ice.

And through the drifts the snowy cliffs
Did send a dismal sheen:
Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken-
The ice was all between.
Answer:
The ancient mariner said that the floating ice-bergs and their surface reflected the sunshine that made them gloomy. They could see neither man nor an animal as there was only ice surrounding the ship.

The ice was here, the-ice was there,
The ice was all around:
It cracked and growled, and roared and howled,
Like noises in a swound!
Answer:
The mariner recalled that they could see nothing but ice all around them. The storm howled loudly like a man in a fit and the ice also cracked making horrible noises.

At length did cross an Albatross,
Through the fog it came;
As it had been a Christian soul.
We hailed it in God’s name.
Answer:
Amid the havoc, an albatross came emerging from the fog. The sailors thought it to be a messenger of God and called it on the ship.

It ate the food it ne’er had eat,
And round and round it flew.
The ice did split with a thunder-fit;
The helmsman steered us through!
Answer:
The albatross ate the food that it had never eaten. It became friendly with the sailors and flew in circles about the ship. Miraculously, the ice split making a thunderous noise and the helms man was able to steer the ship in the right direction.

‘God save thee, ancient Mariner,
From the fiends that plague thee thus!-
Why look’st thou so?’-’’With my crossbow
I shot the Albatross.”
Answer:
The wedding guest exclaimed that God had saved the mariner from the devils that troubled him and other sailors then why was he looking so wretched. The mariner repentandy answered that, it was he who shot the albatross with his cross bow.

Question 5.
Answer the following by choosing the right option from those given below :
(a) The Ancient Mariner stopped one of the three wedding guests because ……….
(i) he wanted to attend the wedding with him
(ii) he wanted him to sit with him
(iii) he wanted him to listen to his story
(iv) he wanted to stop him from going to the wedding.
Answer:
(iii) he wanted him to listen to his story

(b) The Wedding-Guest remarked that he was ‘next of kin’ which means that
(i) he was a close relation of the bridegroom
(ii) he was a close relation of the bride
(iii) he was next in line to get married
(iv) he had to stand next to the bridegroom during the wedding.
Answer:
(i) he was a close relation of the bridegroom

(c) ‘He cannot choose but hear’ means
(i) the Mariner was forced to hear the story of the Wedding-Guest
(ii) the Wedding-Guest was forced to hear the story of the Mariner
(iii) the Mariner had the choice of not listening to the story of the Wedding-Guest
(iv) the Wedding-Guest had the choice of not listening to the story of the Mariner.
Answer:
(ii) the Wedding-Guest was forced to hear the story of the Mariner

(d) ‘The sun came up upon the left, / Out of the sea came he ; ‘This line tells us that the’ ship ………
(i) was moving in the northern direction
(ii) was moving eastwards
(iii) was moving in the western direction
(iv) was moving towards the south.
Answer:
(iv) was moving towards the south.

(e) The Wedding-Guest beat his breast because ……..
(i) he could hear the sound of the bassoon
(ii) he was forced to listen to the Mariner’s tale when he wanted to attend the wedding !
(iii) the sound of the bassoon meant that the bride had arrived and the wedding ceremony was about to begin and he could not attend it
(iv) the sound of the bassoon announced the arrival of the bride and the start of the wedding ceremony.
Answer:
(iii) the sound of the bassoon meant that the bride had arrived and the wedding ceremony was about to begin and he could not attend it

(f) The storm blast has been described as being tyrannous because ………
(i) it was so fierce that it frightened the sailors
(ii) it took complete control of the ship
(iii) the storm was very powerful
(iv) the sailors were at its mercy.
Answer:
(ii) it took complete control of the ship

(g) The sailors felt depressed on reaching the land of mist and snow because ……….
(i) there was no sign of any living creature
(ii) they felt they would die in that cold weather
(iii) they were surrounded by icebergs and there seemed to be no sign of life
(iv) everything was grey in colour and they felt very cold.
Answer:
(i) there was no sign of any living creature

(h) The sailors were happy to see the Albatross because …………
(i) it was the first sign of life and therefore gave them hope that they might survive
(ii) it split the icebergs around the ship and helped the ship move forward
(iii) it was a messenger from God and it lifted the fog and mist.
(iv) it gave them hope of survival by splitting the icebergs.
Answer:
(iii) it was a messenger from God and it lifted the fog and mist.

(i) The two things that happened after the arrival of the albatross were ………
(i) the icebergs split and the Albatross became friendly with the sailors
(ii) the icebergs split and a strong breeze started blowing
(iii) the ship was pushed out of the land of mist and the ice melted
(iv) the Albatross started playing with the mariners and ate the food they offered.
Answer:
(ii) the icebergs split and a strong breeze started blowing

(j) ‘It perched for vespers nine’ means ……..
(i) the ship stopped sailing at nine o’clock everyday
(ii) the Albatross would appear at a fixed time everyday
(iii) the Albatross would sit on the sail or the mast everyday
(iv) the Albatross was a holy creature
Answer:
(iii) the Albatross would sit on the sail or the mast everyday

(k) ‘God save thee, Ancient Mariner, / From the fiends that plague thee thus!—Why look’st thou so ? means ……..
(i) the Mariner wanted to know why the Wedding-Guest was looking so tormented
(ii) the Wedding-Guest wanted to know why the Mariner was looking so tormented
(iii) the Wedding-Guest wanted to know whether some creatures were troubling the Ancient Mariner
(iv) the Ancient Mariner wanted to know whether something was troubling the Wedding-Guest.
Answer:
(ii) the Wedding-Guest wanted to know why the Mariner was looking so tormented

Question 6.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) How did the Ancient Mariner stop the Wedding-Guest?
Answer:
The ancient mariner stopped one of the three wedding guests forcefully. He wanted to tell him the adventurous story related to him.

(b) Was the Wedding-Guest happy to be stopped ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
No, the wedding guest was not happy to be stopped because he was a close relative of the bridegroom and wanted to attend the marriage ceremony in time but he was forced to hear the story of the mariner.

(c) Describe the Ancient Mariner.
Answer:
The ancient mariner is the narrator in the poem. He is an old sailor who has a long grey beard and glittering eyes. He seems to be frighting with unnaturally skinning hands that held the wedding guest. He seems be a sociable guy before undertaking that fateful trip down to the Arctic. His life undergoes a major change as he shoots an albatross. He suffers from guilt and remorse for having killed the albatross. He repents his action and his penance continues through the rest of his life as he feels the urge to share his story with whoever he meets.

(d) How does the Mariner describe the movement of the ship as it sails away from the land?
Answer:
The mariner describes the movement of the ship as it sails away from the land with joy. He exclaims when he starts sailing ‘The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared.’

(e) What kind of weather did the sailors enjoy at the beginning of their journey? How has it been expressed in the poem?
Answer:
The weather was fine Tor the sailors and the sun was also bright. The poet has given its description as such:
The sun came up upon the left.
Out of the Sea came he
And he shone bright, and on the right
Went down into the sea.

(f) How did the sailors reach the land of mist and snow?
Answer:
The sailors reached the land of mist and snow because of the loud roaring blast that drove the ship faster towards the mist and snow.

(g) How does the mariner express the fact that the ship was completely surrounded by icebergs?
Answer:
The mariner expresses the fact that the ship was completely surrounded by icebergs by saying­
“The ice was here, the ice was there
The ice was all around.
It cracked and growled, and roared and howled
Like noises in a swound.”

(h) How do we know that the Albatross was not afraid of the humans? Why did the sailors hail it in God’s name?
Answer:
We know that the albatross was not afraid of the humans because it started playing with the mariners and ate the food they offered. The sailors hailed it in God’s name because it gave them hope of survival by splitting the icebergs.

(i) What was the terrible deed done by the Mariner ?. Why do you think he did it?
Answer:
The terrible deed done by the mariner was that he shot the albatross with his cross bow. He did it to get rid of the troubles being faced, but soon he realised his mistake to find more troubles after the death of albatross.

Question 7.
There are a number of literary devices used in the poem. Some of them have been listed below. Choose the right ones and write them down in the table as shown in the example. In each of the cases explain what they mean.

1. The Wedding-Guest stood still, And listens like a three years’ child :	Simile; the Wedding-Guest was completely under the control of the Mariner
2. Below the kirk, below the hill, Below the lighthouse top
3. The sun came up upon the left, Out of the sea came he
4. The bride hath paced into the hall, Red as a rose is she
5. And now the storm-blast came, and he was tyrannous and strong :
6. With sloping masts and dipping prow, As who pursued with yell and blow Still treads the shadow of his foe
7. The ice was here, the ice was there, The ice was all around

Answer:
(b) Repetition; here we find the occurrence of the same word ‘below’ used for laying supreme stress.
(c) Personification; here an inanimate thing “The Sun” has been personified like an animate thing.
(d) Simile; here the bride is compared with red rose and for comparison, the word “as” has been used.
(e) Personification; here ‘the storm blast’ has been animated as tyrannous and strong.
(f) Personification and hyperbole; here exaggeration — The storm has been shown as a person with unmatched powers. His powers have been exaggerated.
(g) Repetition; here the word “ice” has been repeated for emphasis.

Question 8.
In groups of four discuss what you think happens next in the poem. Share your views with the rest of the class.
Answer:
Self-Attempt

Question 9.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) In which direction did the ship start moving? How can you say?
Answer:
The ship started moving in the northern direction. We can say this because the poet says the sun rose in the right and he also says the south wind blew behind the ship.

(b) Why does the Mariner say that ‘no sweet bird did follow’?
Answer:
He says so because the mariner had killed the albatross. It no more followed the ship for food or for playing with the mariners.

(c) How did the other Mariners behave towards the Ancient Mariner at first? How many times did they change their mind about the Ancient Mariner? What does this tell us about their character?
Answer:
At first all the mariners said that the ancient mariner had done a wrong thing by killing the bird. Then, when the weather improved, they all said that he had done the right thing by killing the bird. Finally when the ship stopped moving they said he had committed a crime by killing the bird. They changed their mind three times. This shows that they did not have an opinion of their own or a mind of their own.

(d) How did the sailing conditions change after the ship had moved out of the land of mist and snow? What or who did the Mariners blame for this change?
Answer:
After the ship left the land of mist and snow, it entered an area where the weather was very hot. Then the ship moved into the sea where the breeze was blowing fine. From here the ship moved into a region where the weather was very hot and it was still all around. There was no breeze at all so the ship could just not move.

(e) What is indicated by the line ‘The bloody sun, at noon,/Right up above the mast did stand,/No bigger than the moon’?
Answer:
This line states that the sun was shining very bright and it was right above the ship. It was very hot but the size of the sun was not very big. The poet compares it to the size of the moon.

(f) How does the Mariner describe the fact that they were completely motionless in the middle of the sea?
Answer:
The mariner says that there was no air and no movement. He compares their ship to a painted ship which stands still on a painted ocean.

(g) What is the irony in the ninth stanza? Explain it in your own words.
Answer:
The ship is stuck in the middle of the sea with water all around. The weather is extremely hot and mariners need drinking water. In spite of there being water, there was not a drop of c drinking water available. That is the irony in this stanza.

(h) What is the narrator trying to convey through the description of the situation in the tenth and eleventh stanza?
Answer:
Through the tenth and eleventh stanza, the poet brings out the condition of the creatures in the sea. As there was no breeze blowing, the creatures had started dying. At night it appeared as though death was dancing at the gate of the ship. The condition of the sailors was pathetic.

(i) What or who did the Mariners feel was responsible for their suffering?
Answer:
The mariners felt that the ancient mariner was responsible for their suffering. He had killed an innocent bird, the albatross, without any provocation.

(j) Describe the condition of the Mariners as expressed in the thirteenth stanza.
Answer:
The sailors were feeling very thirsty as there was no drinking water available. Their throats were dry and they could not speak even a word.

(k) Why did the Mariners hang the Albatross around the neck of the Ancient Mariner?
Answer:
The mariners hung the albatross around the neck of the Ancient Mariner in order to remind him of the ghasdy deed he had committed by killing the innocent bird.

Question 10.
Like part one, the second part also has a number of literary devices. List them out in the same way as you had done in question number seven and explain them.
Answer:

Excerpt	Literary device
1. out of the sea come he,	Personification: The sun has been compared to a human being capable of movement.
2. And it would work’em woe.	Alliteration: The letter’ w’ has been repeated thrice.
3. Nor dim nor red, like God’s own head,	Simile: Sun has been compared to God’s glorious head.
4. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew The furrow followed free	Alliteration: The letter ‘f has been repeated and blew and flew has repetition of ew sound.
5. And we did speak only to break the silence of the sea!	Hyperbole: The speakers have exaggerated their action of speaking.
6. All in a hot and copper sky the bloody sun at noon	Metaphor: Sky and the sun have been indirectly compared to copper and blood respectively.
7. As idle as a painted ship	Simile: The ship has been compared to a painting.
8. Day after day, day after Say	Repetition: The words have been repeated.
9. Water, water every where not any drop to drink.	Irony: Though there is lot of water but the sailors could not drink even a single drop.
10. The death-fires danced at night.	Personification: Fire has been shown as doing a dance of death.

Question 11.
What is the rhyme scheme of the poem ?
Answer:
Rhyme scheme of the poem: ab cb

Question 12.
Find examples of the use of interesting sounds from the poem and explain their effect on the reader.

1. The ice ‘cracked and growled, and roared and howled’ …………………………………… ………………………………….. …………………………………..

Coleridge uses onomatopoeic words which use harsh ‘ck’ sounds to make the ice sound brutal. He also gives the ice animal sounds to give the impression it has come alive and is attacking the ship.

Answer:
2. breeze blew ____________ alliteration ___________ alliteration is used to give a reinforcement to the sound.
3. foam flew __________ alliteration
4. furrow followed free ____________ alliteration
5. hot and copper sky _________ metaphor, visual imagery ________ The elements in a literary work used to evoke mental images, not only of the visual sense, but of sensation and emotion as well. Sky looks like a hot piece of copper.
6. bloody sun _____________ visual and sensational imagery.
7. Day after day, day after day ________ repetition __________  the poet uses this technique for emphasis.
8. Water, water everywhere _____________ repetition _____________ for emphasis.
9. like a witch’s oil ______________ simile ____________used to bring out a comparison.

Question 13.
The poem is full of strange, uncanny or supernatural elements. Discuss how these elements appear in the poem. You should consider :

— the strange weather ;
— the albatross as a bird of “good omen”
— the spirit from “the land of mist and snow”
— the strange slimy creatures seen in the sea
— the ocean appearing to rot
— the death fires and sea water being referred to as witch’s oils

Now write a paragraph about the supernatural elements in the poem and how they add to the events that take place in the poem.
Answer:
Supernatural elements make the poem interesting and there are surprises and surprises for the readers. The poet could have said this very incident in a simple manner. Use of these supernatural elements such as the ‘albatross being a sign of good omen, ‘the ocean appearing to rot’, ‘the death fires dancing’ etc keeps the suspense and thrill alive, besides creating a lot of visual imagery.

Question 14.
Every ship is supposed to have a log book, which is filled in every day by the captain. If he dies, the next senior officer fills it in (usually the First Mate). Decide on appropriate dates (the mariner’s tale was supposed to be thought of as already very old when the poem was published : it should be no later than about 1700 AD; other clues to the date are the light-house and the mariner’s crossbow).

If you wish you can make the log look old by staining the pages, by your handwriting and spelling. Write a series of entriesfor the log for the important events that take place in the ship as recorded in the poem. The first one has been done as an example.

1701 AD
Today we left the shore at 3.30 p.m. under glorious sailing conditions. We have 230 men on board. We are sailing with cargo towards Portugal. The journey is expected to take 90 days. We are well stocked with food and water to last us 250 days in case of any emergency. Hopefully we will not face any untoward i happenings. God be with us !

You could also do this as an oral activity, recording the entries on audio tape and using voice effects and other sound effects if you can.
Answer:
Self-attempt.

Question 15.
Performing the poem
This is a very dramatic poem, excellent for reading aloud or even dramatising it. The class could be divided into groups and given the different dramatic moments from the poem to be performed as follows:

• the first storm that they encounter
• the time spent in the land of mist and snow
• the coming of the albatross and the subsequent events till they move out
• the killing of the albatross till they reach the silent seas
• the suffering of the sailors in the hot region till they hang the albatross around the Ancient Mariner’s neck

Answer:
Student to role-play the situations in groups.

Question 16.
The poem has seven parts to it. The class could be divided into five groups and each group be asked to read one part of the remaining poem. Each group would then have to report their findings. The report can be made interesting with illustrations/power point presentations. Help could be taken from the following websites:
www.online-literature.com/coleridge/646/
www.gradesaver.com/the-rime-of-the-ancient-mariner/
text.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Col2Mar.html
www.enotes.com/rime-ancient-mariner-text
Answer:
Self-attempt

Question 17.
In your groups discuss the following :
(i) Why did the Ancient Mariner stop the particular Wedding-Guest to listen to his tale?
(ii) Why did he have to tell his tale to someone?
(iii) What is the poet trying to convey through this poem?
Answer:
(i) The ancient mariner was feeling himself burdened with the crime of killing the albatross. Other mariners also felt that the ancient mariner was responsible for their suffering. They hung the albatross around the ancient mariner’s neck as a reminder of his sin. Now in order to lighten his burden, he stopped the wedding guest to narrate to him his tale of woe.

(ii) The Ancient Mariner stopped a man on his way to a wedding function to narrate his experience at the sea. Though there was no particular reason for the Ancient Mariner to stop the wedding guest, yet there seemed a kind of moral suggestion to love all men and birds equally. He did not want others to meet the same fate as he had.

(iii) The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a balled. Through this poem, Coleridge conveys a message to get close to God through prayer. The Ancient Mariner committed a sin that was rebuked by all. The Ancient Mariner relieved himself of his psychological burden by telling his tale to the wedding guest. The poet associates himself with Ancient Mariner to tell this allegorical poem in order to convey a powerful message to respect all the creatures of the world.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 11 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 11 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Nor the Gilded Monuments, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

The Tribute-II Summary

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 13 The Dear Departed are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 13 The Dear Departed.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 13 The Dear Departed

TextBook Questions

Question 1.
Read an excerpt from the diary of a man of 72 years :

As I sit here alone and waiting
I gaze at people passing me by.
I try to smile and reach out to them But no one notices; no one waits.
They look to me like I am nothing-
Are they afraid to be seen saying “Hi” to an old man like me?
Once my life, it’s like a flower,
I had bloomed into a child.
Now, like the dying flower
Waiting for my one day to come-
It will be then that I am gone,
And yet, I still would not have heard that simple word, “Hi”
That for so long my heart had desired.

• What do you think is he feeling ?
• What situation do you think leads to people feeling so ?
• Can such people be helped ? How ?

Answer:

• He is feeling lonely and sad. ‘
• Uncaring attitude of family and friends lead to this gloomy feeling.
• Yes, we can certainly help a lonely and elderly feel wanted again. Curative, presentative and rehabilitative measures should be the major concern while implementing any programme for the elderly. Clubs for the elderly should be set up where they can engage themselves in various activities that would be helpful in keeping them energetic and boost their stamina.

Question 2.
Read the news story given below.

Discuss in groups :

(a) What are the reasons for the old people being “abused, harassed and abandoned” in India ?
(b) What are the problems faced by the old people as a result ?

Answer:
(a) The news is really an eye-opener in a country like India, where children are expected to take great care of their elderly so as to express gratitude to them. An extended family was the norm where parents and grandparents were revered by their children. However, western influence and dwindling moral values have led to an unpleasant situation where old people are being “abused, harassed and abandoned”. Social and economic development has caused the extended family system to change into a single family system. Old people, generally, find it hard to adjust their way of thinking that results in a clash between them and the somewhat rigid and insensitive younger generation.

(b) Due to this lack of emotional, moral and even financial support, old people are facing many problems.

• a feeling of loneliness and being neglected
• physical and mental impairment
• emotional trauma resulting in sleeplessness and anxiety
• feeling of insecurity and loss of dignity.

(b) These problems are: loneliness, neglect, absence of communication among their own, lack of sympathy, no medical help, growing independence on others, absence of interacting with others at social level, not sharing of grief etc.

Question 3.
Given below are the main incidents in the play. They are in a jumbled order. Arrange them in the sequence in which they occur in the play.

1. Victoria is asked to fetch the bunch of keys to the bureau to look for the insurance receipt.
2. Mrs. Slater instructs Victoria to put her white frock on with a black sash.
3. Mrs. Slater discovers that grandfather is ‘dead’.
4. The Slaters fetch the bureau and the clock from upstairs.
5. The family sits down to have tea.
6. Henry wears the new slippers of grandfather’s.
7. Grandfather comes to know how his daughters were in a hurry to divide his things between them.
8. Grandfather announces his intention to change his will and to marry Mrs. Shorrocks.
9. Grandfather comes down and is surprised to find the Jordans.
10. They discuss the obituary announcement in the papers and the insurance premium payment.
11. The Jordans arrive and learn the details of grandfather’s ‘demise’ from the Slaters.

Answer:

1. Mrs. Slater discovers that grandfather is ‘dead’.
2. Slater instructs Victoria to put her white frock on with a black sash.
3. Henry wears the new slippers of grandfathers.
4. The Slaters fetch the bureau and the clock from upstairs.
5. The Jordans arrive and learn the details of grandfathers ‘demise’ from the Slaters.
6. The family sits down to have tea.
7. They discuss the obituary announcement in the papers and the insurance premium payment.
8. Victoria is asked to fetch the bunch of keys to the bureau to look for the insurance receipt.
9. Grandfather comes down and is surprised to find the Jordans.
10. Grandfather comes to know how his daughters were in a hurry to divide his things between them.
11. Grandfather announces his intention to change his will and to marry Mrs. Shorrocks.

Question 4.
Answer the following questions briefly.
1. How does Mrs. Slater plan to outshine the Jordans? What does it reveal about her character?
Answer:
Mrs. Slater is doubtful about her sister and her husband, Jordans arrival at grandfathers demise. Mrs. Slater is also anxious about grandfathers insurance premium and looks for it. She also brings grandfathers bureau down from his room. Before her sister arrived, she tried to have every asset of grandfather in possession. She is a ruthless and self-centered person.

2. Why does Mrs. Slater decide to shift the bureau from grandfather’s room before the arrival of the Jordans? How does Henry react to the suggestion?
Answer:
Mrs. Slater wants to shift the bureau down because this was a recent purchase and was eye-catching. Moreover, she did not want her sister to even have a look at it. Henry suggested that she should divide the grandfather’s assets mutually between herself and her sister

3. What is the reason for the Jordans taking a long time to get to the house of the Slaters? What does it show about the two sisters’ attitude towards each other?
Answer:
Jordans took a long time in getting to reach the Slaters because they had to arrange for the mourning dresses for themselves. Since the readymades did not work for Elizabeth, she might have to get them – stitched. Both the sisters had rivalry between them for every worthless thing. They could not stand each other.

4. What does Mrs. Jordan describe as ‘a fatal mistake’ ? What is the irony in the comment she makes on Mrs. Slater’s defence?
Answer:
Mrs. Jordan meant by ‘fetal mistake’ that Slater had not called another doctor to examine when grandfather was lying with his eyes closed. She called this as professional etiquette’. But Mrs. Jordan is a hypocrite as she is chiding Mrs. Slater for not calling the doctor but she herself could not make it on time for such a grave occasion.

5. Ben appreciates grandfather saying ‘its’ a good thing he did’. Later he calls him a ‘drunken old beggar’. Why does he change his opinion about grandfather?
Answer:
Ben learnt that grandfather went in the morning to pay his insurance premium, he said ‘it’s a good thing he did’ but later when he came to know from Victoria that he had not gone to pay premium but went to meet Mrs. Shorrocks, he commented that he was a drunken beggar

6. What change does grandfather make in his new will? What effect does it have on his daughters?
Answer:
The grandfather announced that he would bequeath his wealth to Mrs. Shorrocks whom he was going to marry on the coming Monday and that he would look after him in old age. He also reminded both his daughters about how eager they were to divide his assets when he was still alive.
His daughters were aghast to hear this.

7. What are the three things that grandfather plans to do on Monday next?
Answer:
Three things he planned to do are that he would go to his lawyer and change his will, he would go to insurance company and pay his premium, he would also go to St. Philips Church and marry Mrs. John Shorrocks.

Question 5.
Answer the following in detail:
1. Bring out the irony in the title of the play.
Answer:
The title of the play ‘The Dear Departed’ literally means that somebody dear has departed/ died and is no more with us. It makes everyone closely connected with the departed person sad and upset. Everyone is at a loss and tries to cope up with the situation. In this case, the title is ironical because nobody in the family loved grandfather. He was dear to no one. They all are relieved that he is no more. They talk of everything from mourning outfit to what all he has left behind but nobody is in a hurry to even go and see him. He is supposed to be dead and lying in his room. They all decide to have tea, discuss the obituary that should go in the newspapers but no one either has tears in his/ her eyes or is missing the grandfather. They are very businesslike and their business seems to be what each one of them will get now that the old man is dead. In no way was he ‘dear’ to his daughters or their husbands. Mrs Jordan had not even visited her father in the last three years since the time he had moved to Mrs Slater’s home. So much for a dear father! If she was there today, it was to show off in the society and to ensure that she gets her share of whatever he has left behind. Ironical, isn’t it?

2. How does the spat between his daughters lead to grandfather discovering the truth?
Answer:
Both the sisters are discussing about their share and Mrs Slater spills the beans when she tells grandfather that it was her husband who was wearing his slippers and they had brought his bureau downstairs. She also tells him that she was the one who had declared that he was dead. Grandfather is shocked when he comes to know all this. He is upset that his daughters want him to die. He also sees his clock downstairs. He understands that his daughters do not love him. They only want his wealth and belongings. They have no interest, whatsoever, in his well being. For them he is nothing more than a nuisance and they wish that he is out of their lives at the earliest. They are very happy that he is dead. Mrs Slater does not even call the doctor to confirm. She decides, informs her sister and even gives the tailor order for the mourning outfits.

3. Compare and contrast Henry’s character with that of his wife. Support your answer with evidence from the play.
Answer:
Mrs and Mr Slater are seen as a couple who complement each other. But this is on the surface. Mrs Slater is a domineering lady and always wants to have the last word. Henry follows her instructions diligently. When she asks him to wear the grandfather’s slippers, as his are torn, he does not say a word. When it comes to shifting the bureau from grandfather’s room it is her decision. He walks behind her like a lamb. Mrs Slater does not allow him to give his opinion on any issue. He is a meek character who is scared of saying anything in front of his wife.

Question 6.
Bring out the traits in Mrs. Slater’s personality quoting evidence from the play.

Trait	Evidence from the play
greedy
Overpowering/dominating
Blunt/straight talking
impolite
Insensitive

Answer:

Trait	Evidence from the play
Greedy	Henry, I’ve been thinking about that bureau of grandfaher’s that’s in his bedroom. You know I always wanted to have it after he died.
Overpowering/ dominating	I’ll fasten the front door. Get your coat off. Henry; we’ll change it.
Blunt/ straight talking	Promised to your Jimmy/I never heard of that.
Impolite	After all I’ve done for him, having to put up with him in the house these years, it’s nothing short of swindling.
Insensitive	Well, will you go up and look at him now or shall we have tea?

Question 7.
Answer the following with reference to the context.
1. “Are we pinching it before Aunt Elizabeth comes ?”
(a) What does ‘it’ refer to here?
Answer:
‘It’ here refers to grandfather’s bureau which Mrs Slater plans to keep for herself.

(b) How does Vicky conclude that her parents are ‘pinching it’?
Answer:
Vicky’s parents wanted to get the bureau before Mrs Slater’s sister arrived for the funeral.

(c) Mention the two reasons that Mrs. Slater gives for her action.
Answer:
According to her, she wanted the bureau because she liked it very much. Second reason for wanting it was out of jealousy. She did not want her sister to get it.

(d) What does it reveal about the difference between the attitude of the elders and that of Vicky?
Answer:
Vicky genuinely loved her grandfather. She did not like the way elders are fighting over petty things. They are all money-minded and there is no sensitivity.

2. “7 don’t call that delicate, stepping into a dead man’s shoes in such haste.”
(a) Who makes this comment?
Answer:
Mrs Jordan makes this comment.

(b) What prompts the speaker to say this?
Answer:
She says this because Henry had started wearing grandfather’s slippers even before he was medically declared dead.

(c) Bring out the significance of this statement.
Answer:
It reveals the pettiness of all the adult characters. They all are trying to show the others, in bad light. Also, here, it is truly in haste as the grandfather is very much alive and not dead.

3. “Now, Amelia, you mustn’t give way. We’ve all got to die some time or other. It might have been worse.”
(a) Who is the speaker of these lines?
Answer:
Ben is the speaker of these lines.

(b) What prompts the speaker to say these words?
Answer:
The speaker says these words when he meets Mrs Slater. He is trying to console her.

(c) What does he mean when he says ‘It might have been worse’?
Answer:
Grandfather had died without giving any trouble to anybody. If he had been bedridden, it would have been worse for everybody.

(d) What does it reveal about the speaker’s character?
Answer:
These lines reveal that the speaker is able to talk about death without getting upset.

Writing Task

Question 8.
Victoria Slater is truly attached to her Grandpa. As she sees the elders in her family quarrel over the inheritance, she is bewildered and upset by their attitude. As Victoria write a diary entry outlining the incident and your feelings. (150 words)
Answer:
Jaunary 9, 20XX
11:00 p.m.
Today, I am feeling really heartbroken to see how money can overpower emotions even among the blood relations. Grandpa was considered dead and my aunt, who had not visited us for ages, rushed on hearing the news presumably out of love but actually out of greed for grandpas property. And mother is also not in any way, different from her. The way she eyed grandpas belongings and the eagerness with which she tried to pocket all the things before aunt’s arrival was really absurd and shocking to me. This showy concern is really annoying and painful. But I am happy that grandpa is alive and has come to realise Sie mercenary nature of all and outwitted them in their planning. I pray to God to give some sense to these people and they mend their ways.
Victoria

Speaking Task

Question 9.
Grandfather says, “It seems to me that neither of you has any cause to feel proud about the way you’ve treated me.” While it is true that the daughters disregard modesty, decency and filial obligation, grandfather cannot be fully justified in practically disowning his family. Besides, Victoria loves him and he seems to have spared no thought for her feelings.

Divide yourselves into groups of four or five and discuss the statement: Grandfather is not entirely right in moving away from his daughters.

After the discussion, a representative from each group will present the views of her/his group to the class in about 3 minutes.
Answer:
Topic: Grandfather is not entirely right in moving away from his daughters.

View 1: Grandpa in the play ‘The Dear Departed’ was considered dead by family members. Instead of mourning, they got engaged in arguments over the belongings of Mr Abel. The discovery that Mr Abel was ‘hale and hearty’ was a bolt from the blue. The old man was aghast to see them in mourning dresses and I think it was natural on his part. It did not take him long to realise their true motives. He played a joke that he would leave all his belongings to whoever he was living with when he died. In fact, that was just a trick to unveil their greedy nature. At that very moment, Abel made a shocking announcement that he would alter his will and get married to Mrs. Shorrock. But, if we look at the matter from a practical point of view, we will realise that Mr. Abel was not fully justified in breaking all ties with his family. He should have behaved in a mature way and spared some thoughts for her granddaughter Victoria who loved him too much. He could even try to make his daughter realize their mistake.

(Students are free to express their views in opposition to the statements also.)

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 13 The Dear Departed help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 13 The Dear Departed, Nor the Gilded Monuments, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

The Tribute-I Summary

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 12 Snake are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 12 Snake.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 12 Snake

TextBook Questions

Question 1.
Snakes generate both horror and fascination. Do you agree? Why? Why not?
Answer:
Snakes generate both horror and fascination because our reasoning often misleads us. Though snakes are creations of nature, we are afraid of them. Snakes also fascinate us but we do not understand the beauty of nature, and being human, we have the impulse to kill it even though we are astounded by its beauty. Snakes are found in different colours and different sizes. They say that nature is more powerful than human beings. But still they generate horror which is just because of small instincts of natural world

Question 2.
Read what W.W.E. Ross feels when he sees a snake and fill in the table given below :

The Snake Trying

The snake trying to escape the
pursuing stick, with sudden curvings
of thin long body. How beautiful and
graceful are his shapes !
He glides through the water away
from the stroke. O let him go over the
water into the reeds to hide without
hurt. Small and green he is harmless
even to children Along the sand
he lay until observed
and chased away, and now
he vanishes in the ripples
among the green slim reeds.

What is the snake doing?	Words to describe the snake	Poet’s plea

Answer:

What is the snake doing?	Words to describe the snake	Poet’s plea
• The snake is gliding through the water to escape the stroke of the stick. • The snake vanishes in the green slim reeds.	thin, long, beautiful, graceful, small, green, harmless.	to let the snake go unhurt into the reeds

Question 3.
Given below is the summary of the poem Snake in short paragraphs.
However they are jumbled. Work in pairs and put the summary into a logical sequence.
(a) After drinking water to satisfaction, the snake raised his head dreamily and flickered his forked tongue and licked his lips. The snake looked around like a God and then slowly proceeded to curve round and move away from the water trough.
(b) The poet felt much like the ancient mariner who had killed the albatross for no reason. He wishes that the snake would come back. He thinks of the snake as a king in exile who has to be crowned again. He also regrets having missed his opportunity of knowing and understanding one of the lords of life.
(c) As the snake put his head into the hole to retreat into the earth, the poet was filled with a protest against the idea of the snake withdrawing into his hole. The poet put down his pitcher, picked up a log and hurled it at the snake. The snake twisted violently and with great alacrity vanished into the hole in the wall.
(d) A snake visited the poet’s water trough on a hot afternoon to quench his thirst. The poet who had also gone to the trough to fill water in a pitcher waited for the snake since he had come at the trough prior to the poet.
(e) The voices of education inside the poet tell him that it was the fear for the snake that made him refrain from killing him. However, the poet feels that though he was quite afraid of the snake, he did actually feel honoured that a snake had come to seek his hospitality from the deep recesses of the earth.
(f) He is guilt-ridden. He feels that he has to atone for the meanness of his action of throwing a log at the snake.
(g) The snake rested his throat upon the stone bottom and sipped the water into his slack long body. After drinking water, he raised his head just like cattle do and flashed his forked tongue, thought for a moment and then bent down to drink some more water.
(h) Education and social conventions make the poet think that the golden brown poisonous snake must be killed and that as a brave man he must undertake the task of killing the snake.
(i) The poet instantly felt sorry for his unrefined and contemptible act and cursed the voices of education and civilization that had shaped his thought processes and urged him to kill the snake.
(j) However, the poet instinctively likes the snake, treats him like a guest and feels honoured that it had come to drink at his water trough. The poet questions himself and wonders whether his not daring to kill the snake proved that he was a coward and whether his desire to talk to the snake reflected his perversity.
Answer:
The logical sequence will be:
l. – (d)
2. – (g)
3. – (a)
4. – (h)
5. – (e)
6. – (c)
7. – (f)
8. – (b)
9. – (i)
10. – (j)

Question 4.
Based on your reading of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct options:
(a) ‘he lifted his head from his drinking as cattle do’—The poet wants to convey that the snake
(i) is domesticated
(ii) is innocent
(iii) is as harmless as cattle
(iv) drinks water just like cattle
Answer:
(iii) is as harmless as cattle

(b) ‘Sicilian July’, ‘Etna smoking’ and ‘burning bowels of the earth’ are images that convey that
(i) there are snakes in volcanic areas
(ii) the poet lived in a hot area
(iii) it was a really hot day when the snake came
(iv) Sicilian snakes are dangerous
Answer:
(iii) it was a really hot day when the snake came

(c) ‘A sort of horror, a sort of protest overcame me’—The poet is filled with protest because
(i) he doesn’t want to let the snake remain alive
(ii) he fears the snake
(iii) he doesn’t want the snake to recede into darkness
(iv) he wants to kill it so that it doesn’t return
Answer:
(iv) he wants to kill it so that it doesn’t return

(d) In the line ‘And as he slowly drew up, snake-easing his shoulders, and entered farther the phrase ‘snake-easing his shoulders’ means
(i) loosening its shoulders
(ii) slipping in with majestic grace
(iii) moving slowly
(iv) moving fast
Answer:
(iii) moving slowly

(e) ‘He seemed to me like a king in exile …’ The poet refers to the snake as such to emphasize that the snake
(i) is like a king enduring banishment
(ii) is like a king due to be crowned
(iii) is a majestic king who came for a while on earth
(iv) is a majestic creature forced to go into exile by man
Answer:
(iv) is a majestic creature forced to go into exile by man

(f) ‘I thought how paltry, how vulgar, what a mean act’— The poet is referring to
(i) the snake going into the dreadful hole
(ii) the accursed modern education
(iii) the act of throwing a log of wood at the snake
(iv) the act of killing the snake
Answer:
(iii) the act of throwing a log of wood at the snake

Question 5.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) Why does the poet decide to stand and wait till the snake has finished drinking? What does this tell you about the poet? (Notice that he uses ‘someone’ instead of ‘something’ for the snake.)
Answer:
The poet decides to stand and wait till the snake has finished drinking because he thinks that the snake came before him. The poet stands waiting with his pitcher ‘I came down with my pitcher’ and feels that there is some guest at the water trough. The poet feels himself honoured that someone has come to drink water from his trough. This shows that the poet is a lover of nature who sees the snake as a big creation of nature.

(b) In stanza 2 and 3, the poet gives a vivid description of the snake by using suggestive expressions. What picture of the snake do you form on the basis of this description?
Answer:
The snake that came to the water-trough down from a fissure in the earth wall was yellow- brown slack, soft-bellied. He sipped with his straight mouth, softly drank through his straight gums, into his slack long body, silently.

(c) How does the poet describe the day and the atmosphere when he saw the snake?
Answer:
It was a hot day. The poet came out in pyjamas because of the heat, to fill his pitcher. It seemed to be a day of ‘Sicilian July, with Etna smoking. The atmosphere was gloomy when the snake emerged from the fissure to drink water at the trough.

(d) What does the poet want to convey by saying that the snake emerges from the ‘burning bowels of the earth’?
Answer:
The poet wants to convey that the snake came out of the dark hell. He means that the snake comes out of the fissure from the bottom of the earth which is all dark and black as hell.

(e) Do you think the snake was conscious of the poet’s presence? How do you know?
Answer:
The snake was not conscious of the poet’s presence for it came very peacefully trailing his yellow-brown belly down over the edge of the stone water trough. It rested its throat upon the bottom where the water was dripping and sipped with his straight mouth softly into his slack long body.

(f) How do we know that the snake’s thirst was satiated? Pick out the expressions that convey this.
Answer:
The snakes thirst was satiated for, after drinking silendy he lifted his head ‘as catde do’ satisfied and flickered his forked tongue from his lips ‘as one who has drunken’ and slowly proceeded to draw his slow length curving round And climb again the broken bank of my wall-face.

(g) The poet has a dual attitude towards the snake. Why does he experience conflicting emotions on seeing the snake?
Answer:
On seeing the snake the poet has conflicting emotions. There is something that actually wants him to like the snake but at the same time his education preaches him to kill it as it might be dangerous to him. He also sees it as his guest and feels honoured that a guest has come to drink water. Hence, he is covered with guilt after throwing the log on the poor innocent snake.

(h) The poet is filled with horror and protest when the snake prepares to retreat and bury itself in the “horrid black’, ‘dreadful’ hole. In the light of this statement, bring out the irony of his act of throwing a log at the snake.
Answer:
The snake moved slowly into the hole and suddenly the poet ‘picked up a log and threw it at the water-trough to kill the snake’. The snake hearing the ‘clatter’ hastily moved ‘into the black hole’. The poet now regretted his action and blamed himself for acting the way he did. He wished the snake could come back for him to crown it like a king.

(i) The poet seems to be full of admiration and respect for the snake. He almost regards him like a majestic god. Pick out at least four expressions from the poem that reflect these emotions.
Answer:
The poet is full of admiration and respect for the snake. He respects it like a guest who has come to his water-trough to drink water. He ‘stands and waits’ to fill his pitcher and tells the snake to drink because it came before him. He considers him ‘like a god’ and wishes the snake would come back so that he could crown him ‘like a king’. He feels he had missed his ‘chance with one of the lords’, when the snake recedes back into its hole.

(j) What is the difference between the snake’s movement at the beginning of the poem and later when the poet strikes it with a log of wood? You may use relevant vocabulary from the poem to highlight the difference.
Answer:
When the snake comes to the water-trough he ‘trails his yellow-brown soft-belly’ smoothly down silently. And when he has drunk the water he looked around like a god slowly proceeding to go into the fissure but when the poet picked up a ‘clumsy log’ and threw at the snake it ‘writhed like lightning and was gone into the black hole’.

(k) The poet experiences feelings of self-derision, guilt and regret after hitting the snake. Pick out expressions that suggest this. Why does he feel like this?
Answer:
After hitting the snake the poet has feelings of self-derision, guilt and regret. He blames the voice of education that lures him to hit the snake. He thinks how ‘paltry, how vulgar, what a mean act!’ He despises himself and his inner voice curses human education’.

(l) You have already read Coleridge’s poem The Ancient Mariner in which an albatross is killed by the mariner. Why does the poet make an allusion to the albatross?
Answer:
The poet places the blame on the voice of education for his action to have tempted him into hitting the snake and hopes he need not pay for his negative action like the sailor that killed ‘the albatross’. The poet wishes the snake to come back for him to crown it like a king but believes it would never do so and sees it ‘like a king in exile’.

(m) T have something to expiate’-Explain.
Answer:
Although the poet hits the snake under the influence of his education he feels sorry and wishes the snake would come back so the poet could crown it like a king but he misses the chance. He thinks he has to make amends for this petty mistake.

Question 6.
The encounter with the snake and the dual response of the poet to his presence at the water trough reflect a conflict between civilized social education and natural human instincts. The poet writes a diary entry highlighting how he was torn between the two voices. Write his diary.
Answer:
I have a reaction of fear and fascination for the snake. There is a conflict between my natural feelings and my rational thinking. I have feelings of affection as if crushed by our social education. My reasoning often misleads me. Although 1 hit the snake under the influence of my education, yet I feel sorry for my mean act. So my natural instinct prevails in the end.

By nature I am sympathetic, considerate and peace loving but education turns me into a brute and kills the natural man in me. I mean to say this education also makes me egoistic and selfish which urges me to kill the snake to satisfy my social needs.

The nature of the conflict which grips my mind at the sight of the snake draws the conflict between the use of rational powers and intuitive powers. I listen to my rational voice and attack the snake only to regret my mean and vulgar act.

My education with forces of ignorance, cruelty and barbarity makes me think that our rationality and intellect produce in us fears, doubts and superstitions.
It is our instinctive nature which prompts us to do the acts of goodness.

Question 7.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds in words, usually the first sound. Sibilance is a special form of alliteration using the softer consonants that create hissing sounds, or sibilant sounds. These consonants and digraphs include s, sh, th, ch, z, f, x, and soft c.

Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it represents for a rhetorical or artistic effect of bringing out the full flavor of words. The sounds literally make the meaning in such words as “buzz,” “crash,” “whirr,” “clang” “hiss,” “purr,” “squeak,” etc.lt Is also used by poets to convey their subject to the reader. For example, In the last lines of Sir Alfred Tennyson’s poem ‘Come Down, O Maid’, m and n sounds produce an atmosphere of murmuring Insects:

… the moan of doves in immemorial elms,
And murmuring of innumerable bees.
Notice how D H Lawrence uses both these devices effectively in the following stanza.
He reached down from a fissure in the earth-wall in the gloom
And trailed his yellow-brown slackness soft-bellied down, over the edge of the stone trough
And rested his throat upon the stone bottom,
And where the water had dripped from the tap, in a small clearness,
He sipped with his straight mouth,
Softly drank through his straight gums, into his slack long body,
Silently.

To what effect ffas the poet used these devices? How has it added to your understanding of the subject of the poem? You may record your understanding of snake characteristics under the following headings:
(a) Sound
(b) Movement
(c) Shape
Answer:
(a) Sound:

• He sipped with his straight mouth, Softly drank through his straight gums, into his slack long body, silently-Alliteration (sibilance)

(b) Movement:

• And flickered his two forked tongue from his tips and mused a moment – Alliteration.
• And depart peaceful, pacified and thankless into the burning bowels of the earth. – Alliteration.

(c) Shape:

• And trailed his yellow-brown slackness soft-bellied down over the edge of the stone trough. – Alliteration (sibilance)
• Being garth-brown earth-golden, from the burning bowels of the earth.

Question 8.
The poet has also used both repetition and similes in the poem. For example—‘must wait, must stand and wait’ (repetition) and ‘looked at me vaguely as cattle do’ (simile).
Pick out examples of both and make a list of them in your notebooks. Give reasons why the poet uses these literary devices.
Answer:

Repetition	Simile
• And must wait, must stand and wait	• as cattle do, as drinking cattle do
• to feel so honoured I felt so honoured	• Lifted his head from his drinking, as cattle do
• And slowly and slowly very slowly	• He had come like a guest in quiet.
• I was afraid	• And lifted his head dreamily, as one who has tongue.
• I was most afraid	• And flickered his tongue like a forked night on the air
• from the burning bowels of the earth	• And looked around like a God
• Into the burning bowels of the earth	•   writhed like lightning •   he seemed to me again like a king.

Question 9.
A calligram is a poem, phrase, or word in which the handwriting is arranged in a way that creates a visual image. The image created by the words expresses visually what the word, or words, say. In a poem, it manifests visually the theme presented by the text of the poem. Read the poem given below. Try to compose a calligram. You could pick a subject of your choice.
Snake
Snake glides
through grass
over
Pebbles
forked tongue
working
never
speaking
but its
body
whispers
listen.
Keith Bosley
Answer:
Kite-A Calligram poem
A Kite is soaring high in sky A dive and a dip It soars like a ship Beautiful and high Tying earth and sky
(Students may create more poems of their own)

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 12 Snake help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader Chapter 12 Snake, Nor the Gilded Monuments, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Wind Summary

Gap Filling Exercises for Class 9 CBSE with Answers

Formulae Handbook for Class 9 Maths and ScienceEducational Loans in India

Gap Filling Class 9 CBSE

I. Study the given notes and complete the paragraph that follows by filling up the gaps with the most appropriate option from those given:

1. Notes:

• Rainy day
• Busy traffic
• Car collision with a speeding bus
• 5 badly injured, 1 died on the spot
• Injured taken to the hospital
• Local help

It was a rainy day. Traffic (a)………… busy on the road. A (b)…………. hit a car badly in the market. Five commuters were badly injured while one person (c)……………………..on the spot. The injured persons were taken to the nearest hospital. The local people were of great help.
(a) (i) will be                  (ii) was                     (iii) is                           (iv) has been
(b) (i) speeding bus     (ii)  speeded bus     (iii) sped up bus        (iv) speed bus
(c) (i) was died             (ii)  had died             (iii) died                      (iv) is died

Gap Filling Exercises For Class 9 CBSE

More Resources for CBSE Class 9

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Maths
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 English
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Sanskrit
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 IT
• RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions

Gap Filling For Class 9 CBSE

2. Instructions for opening a bank A/C

• Select the Bank of your choice
• Contact the Customer Care Officer in the Bank
• Contact the proper Authority as instructed by the Customer Care
• Submit the required documents
• Contact the bank as instructed for collecting your Passbook and ATM card

For opening a bank A/C you (a)……………….. to select a bank of your choice. You (b)……………… to visit the bank and contact the Customer Care Officer there. Thereafter you should meet the concerned Authority. You (c)………………… to submit the required documents. Don’t forget to visit the bank for collecting the passbook and ATM card.
(a) (i) require   (ii) are required        (iii) will require          (iv) have to require
(b) (i) will         (ii) should                  (iii) need                      (iv) are
(c) (i) must      (ii) shall                     (iii) are required          (iv) should

English Grammar Exercises For Class 9 Cbse With Answers

3. Polishing your shoes

• Clean shoes
• Polish coated
• Let them soak
• Brush to shine

Shoes (a)…………….. of dust with a brush. A layer of polish (b)……………….. over the shoes. One should wait a little till the polish (c)………………….. Then shoes are brushed to shine.
(a) (i) is cleaned        (ii) will be cleaned         (iii) are cleaned        (iv) has to be cleaned
(b) (i) has coated      (ii) need be coated        (iii) is coated             (iv) will be coated
(c) (i) was died          (ii)  had died                   (iii) died                      (iv) is died

Gap Filling Exercises CBSE

4. Notes:

• Annual Function of the school
• The Mayor as the Chief Guest
• Inauguration by the Principal
• Prize Distribution by the Chief Guest

Last week the Annual Function of our school (a)……………….. The Mayor of the town (b)……………………….. to grace the occasion as the chief guest. The function (c)……………………. by the Principal while the Mayor, the chief guest distributed the prize to the winners.
(a) (i) is celebrated       (ii) had been celebrated       (iii) was celebrated                  (iv) shall be celebrated
(b) (i) was invited         (ii) has been invited               (iii) is invited                             (iv) shall be invited
(c) (i) is inaugurated    (ii) was inaugurated              (iii) will be inaugurated            (iv) has been inaugurated

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Gap Filling For Class 9 With Answers CBSE

5. Process of Operating an ATM

• Find an ATM of any bank
• Take your ATM card and put it in the slot
• Enter your secret PIN
• Select your option
• Wait a little till your transaction is complete
• Get the currency
• Collect your Card and Transaction Slip
• Leave the ATM cabin

For doing transaction through ATM you (a)……………………. to find an ATM of any bank. First you (b)…………………….  to put your card in the card slot followed by (c)…………………….. the secret PIN. You are to wait till your transaction is complete. Then take the currency, collect your card and leave the ATM cabin.
(a) (i) shall                     (ii) are required                    (iii) should                      (iv) needed
(b) (i) have to                (ii) need                                 (iii) must                         (iv) do
(c) (i) enter                    (ii) entering                           (iii) entered                     (iv) have enter

ANSWER

1. (a) (ii) was                                    (b) (i) speeding bus                                             (c) (iii) died
2. (a) (ii) are required                      (b) (iii) need                                                          (c) (iii) are required
3. (a) (iii) are cleaned                      (b) (iii) is coated                                                   (c) (ii) soaks the leather
4. (a) (iii) was celebrated                (b) (i) was invited                                                 (c) (ii) was inaugurated
5. (a) (ii) are required                       (b) (ii) need                                                           (c) (ii) entering

II. Choose the best word from the options given in bracket to complete the following passages:

1. Most UFO sightings occur (a)……………. (at, in, on, during) the night, either late in the evening or in the early hours of the morning, (b)……………….. (As, While,When, Often) they take place on a dark moonless night when the person (c)…………….. (are, is, were, was) alone on a country road. This eerie atmosphere is perfect (d) ………………………… (of, for, off, on) playing tricks on a person’s imagination. Police and newspaper officers are often swamped (e)………………… (in, for, with, among) calls when something strange is seen in the skies, (f)………………….. (How, Then, Once, Before) an explanation is given, most people are happy to accept it.
2. Climate change (a)……………… (is, was, will, has) one (b)………………… (at, on, with, of) the most (c)……………….. (hot, hoted, hotly, hoting) contested environmental debates of our time. (d)………………………. (Will, Can, Have, Has) the West Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely? Will the Gulf Stream ocean current (e)…………………. (was, be, is , are) disrupted? May be. May be not. (f)………………….. (Neither, Either, Or, As) way, Antarctica is a crucial element in this debate.
3. Sadao had taken this (a)………………. (in, into, at, of) his mind as he did (b)……………………….. (nothing, everything, all, everywhere) his father said, his father who (c)………………. (always, seldom, never, ever) joked (d)………………… (and, or, else, nor) played (e)………………………. (with, of, at, in) him but (f)…………………. (whose, whom, who, what) spent infinite pains upon him who was his only son.
4. So (a)…………………. (a, an, the, one) wizard said, “Oh, very well. (b)………………(Go, went, gone, going) to the end of the lane and turn (c)………………….. (on, in, around, from) three times and look down the magic well and there you will (d)……………. (found, finding, find) three pennies. Hurry (e)……………………… (up, at, on, of).” So Roger Skunk went to the end of the lane and (f)………………….. (turn, turned, turning, has turned) around three times and there in the magic well were three pennies!
5. Human civilisations have been around (a)……………………. (at, on, for, in) a paltry 12,000 years, barely a (b)………………(many, few, some, each) seconds (c) …………………….(at, in, on, of) the geological clock. In that short amount (d) ……………(of, on, with, at) time, we’ve managed (e)………………………. (at, to, of, for) create quite a ruckus, etching our dominance (f)…………………………. (at, in, off, over) nature with our villages, towns, cities and megacities. The rapid increase of human population has left us battling with other species for limited resources.
6. Sadao Hoki’s house (a)……………… (was, is, will, can) built on a spot of the Japanese coast (b)…………………(here, where, everywhere, anywhere) (c)……………………. (like, as, same, similar) a little boy he had (d)…………..(never, ever, often, seldom) played. The low, square stone house was set (e)………………(on, upon, in, at) rocks well (f).……………………(above, below, beneath, over) a narrow beach that was outlined with bent pines. His father had taken him often to the islands of those seas.
7. He smelled (a)…………………. (so, as, like, as) bad that (b)…………………………. (all, every, none, each) of the other little woodland creatures would play (c)…………………………….. (on, of, from, with) him. She looked at him (d)…………………..(solemn, solemned, solemnly). She had not (e)……………………. (forsee, forsaw, forseen, foreseeing) this. Whenever he would go out to play, Roger (f)…………………………………………………….. (remember, remembered, remembering, will remember) the humiliations of his own childhood. All of the other tiny animals would cry, “Uh-oh, here comes Roger Stinky Skunk”.
8. It won’t make my face (a)…………………… (change, changed, changes, changing). Do you know, one day, a woman (b)…………………. (go, going, went, gone) by me (c)………………………….. (at, in, of, on) the street. I (d)………………….. (am, was, where, is) at a bus-stop and she was (e)………………….(along, with, in, without) another woman. She (f)…………….. (look, looks, looked, looking) at me, and she said, “Look at that, that’s a terrible thing.

ANSWERS

Anger Summary