CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social SA2 Science Solved 2016 Set 2
1.What is deforestation ?
Or
‘Under the Colonial rule, the life of the pastoralists changed dramatically/ Explain with two examples.
Or
What was the Dust Bowl tragedy?
2. Define climate.
3. What is an EVM ?
4. Who are Cabinet Ministers ?
5. What are Human Rights ?
6. What is mass poverty ?
7. Name any two schemes/ Yojanas introduced with one objective of each for food security.
8. What is the Targeted Public Distribution System ?
9. How did the Forest Acts affect the lives of foresters and villagers ? Explain.
Or
Explain the impact of Forest Acts on the nomads or pastoralists.
Or
Explain briefly the factors which led to the enclosures in England.
10. Explain the ideas of Dietrich Brandis for the management of forests in India during the British period.
Or
Why did colonial state want to transform all grazing land into cultivable farms ?
Or
Explain the Dust Bowl tragedy.
11. “The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing field of Eton”. Justify the statement with suitable arguments. Or
“The introduction of western style clothing in the 19th century in India met with severe reactions in different ways”. Support the statement with suitable arguments.
12. Name any two regions where the tropical thorny forests and shrubs are found in India? Mention any two characteristics of such type of vegetation.
13. Explain with examples the three main processes of change of population in India.
14. Explain any three features of advancing monsoon with reference to India.
15.What is meant by reserved constituencies ? Justify the concept of ‘Reservation of seats’ by giving any two suitable arguments.
16.In which three ways does Parliament exercise political authority on behalf of the people?
17.“Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy”. Give any three arguments to support the statement.
18. How is the poverty line estimated in India? Explain with examples.
19. Describe the three dimensions of food security.
20. Explain three important anti-poverty measures undertaken by the Government of India.
21. Write any five ways by which British regulated the life of the forest societies in India.
Or
Why are Maasai of Africa continuously losing their grazing grounds? Explain any five reasons.
Or
How did the enclosure movement benefit Britain? Explain any five benefits.
22. ‘Cricket in India was organised on the principle of race and religion.’ Justify.
Or
Explain how clothes were used by Gandhiji as a powerful weapon to protest against the British rule.
23.Explain the factors which influence the climate of India.
24.Why are evergreen or tropical rain forests found in western slopes of the Western Ghats ? Mention any four features of these forests.
25. How has the Indian Constitution ensured the independence of the judiciary ? Explain.
26. What is an election ? Discuss the importance of elections in a democracy.
27. Question Based on OTBA.
28. Question Based on OTBA.
29.1 On the given political outline map of India locate and mark.
A.Place where scientific forestry started.
B.State related to santhals.
C.Area where korava tribes belonged to.
Or
29.2 On the same given political map of India locate and mark.
1.State related to pastoral community, Gujjars.
2.State where Maldharis live.
3.Areas of Gaddis.
29.3 On the given map of United States of America mark and locate the following :3
(i)Cotton Belt Area
(ii)Pasture Region
(iii)Wheat Area.
30.1 Two features – A and B are shown in the outline political map of India. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map.
1.Type of forest.
2.The state having lowest sex-ratio
30.2 Locate and label the following items on the same map of India with appropriate symbols :
(i) Corbett National Park
Answers
1.What is deforestation ?
Or
‘Under the Colonial rule, the life of the pastoralists changed dramatically/ Explain with two examples.
Or
What was the Dust Bowl tragedy?
Ans. The disappearance of forests is referred to as deforestation.
Or
(i)Their grazing grounds shrank because their movements were regulated.
(ii) By the Criminal Tribes Act many communities were classified as the Criminal Tribes.
Or
It was a tragedy which occurred in the 1930s in USA. Due to overutilisation of the Prairies black blizzards became a common phenomena.
2. Define climate.
Ans. The climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time.
3. What is an EVM ?
Ans. It is an Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) which is used to record votes. The machine shows the names of the candidates and the symbols.
4. Who are Cabinet Ministers ?
Ans. They are usually the top level leaders of the ruling party or parties, who are in charge of the major ministeries like Defence, Railway, Foreign Affairs etc. Normally, all the major decisions are taken by these ministers.
5. What are Human Rights ?
Ans. Human Rights are those rights, which are inherent in our nature. Without these rights, we cannot live as human beings. Human rights allow us to fully develop and use our human qualities, intelligence, talents and conscience. They allow us to satisfy our spiritual and other needs.
6. What is mass poverty ?
Ans. Mass poverty is a situation in which a large section of people in economy are deprived of the basic necessities.
7. Name any two schemes/ Yojanas introduced with one objective of each for food security.
Ans. (i) National Food for Work Programme : Under this, foodgrains are provided to the states free of cost.
(ii)Antyodaya Anna Yojana: Under this 25 kg of foodgrains were made available to each eligible family at a subsidised price.
8. What is the Targeted Public Distribution System ?
Ans. In order to ensure availability of minimum quantity of foodgrains to the families living below the poverty line, the Government launched the TPDS or the Targeted Public Distribution System in June 1997. It was intended to benefit about six crore poor families in the country for whom a quantum of 72 lakh tonnes of foodgrains was earmarked annually at the rate of 10 kg per family per month.
It was introduced to adopt the principle of targeting the ‘poor in all areas’.
9. How did the Forest Acts affect the lives of foresters and villagers ? Explain.
Or
Explain the impact of Forest Acts on the nomads or pastoralists.
Or
Explain briefly the factors which led to the enclosures in England.
Ans.(i) Various restrictions : The Forest Act meant severe hardship for villagers across the country. After the Act, all their forest activities like cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing became illegal.
(ii)Impact on cultivators : Shifting cultivation was the most common cultivation practised by the people. But this was banned because European foresters regarded this harmful for the forests.
(iii) Displacement of the people : To protect the forests, the Europeans started displacing villagers without any notice or compensation.
Or
(i)Through these Acts, some forests which produced commercially valuable timber like deodar or sal were declared ‘Reserved’. No pastoralist was allowed an access to these forests.
(ii)These Forest Acts changed the lives of the pastoralists. They were now prevented from entering many forests that had earlier provided valuable forage for their cattle.
(iii)Even in the areas, they were allowed entry, their movements were regulated. They needed a permit for entry. The timing of their entry and departure was specified, and the number of days, they could spend in the forest, was limited.
Or
(i)Rising Demand for wool: In the 16th century, the demand for wool went up in the world market. This had a direct impact on the price of wool and profits. Rich farmers wanted to expand wool production to earn more profits. For this, they were eager to improve their sheep breeds. They started enclosing open fields to provide proper pastures to the sheep.
(ii)Various Acts : The early enclosures were usually created by individual landlords. They were not supported by the state or the church. But after 1850, many Acts were passed to legalise the enclosures.
(iii) Rapid rise in Population : There was a rapid growth of population of England between the 18th and the 19th centuries. Between 1750 and 1900, it multiplied over four times. The increased population means more demand for foodgrains and other products. Due to increase in population the pressure on land also increased and the people had no other option except to enclose open fields.
10. Explain the ideas of Dietrich Brandis for the management of forests in India during the British period.
Or
Why did colonial state want to transform all grazing land into cultivable farms ?
Or
Explain the Dust Bowl tragedy.
Ans. (i) Dietrich Brandis was appointed the Inspector General of Forests in India.
(ii)He suggested the government to formulate rules to use the forests, and to train the people.
(iii)He set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and helped to formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865.
Or
(i)The colonial state wanted to transform all grazing lands into cultivated farms as Land revenue was one of the main sources of its finance. By expanding cultivation, it could increase its revenue collection.
(ii)It could at the same time produce more jute, cotton, wheat and other agricultural produce that were required in England.
(iii)To colonial officials, all uncultivated land appeared to be unproductive : it produced neither revenue nor agricultural produce. It was seen as ‘waste land’ that needed to be brought under cultivation.
In most areas, the lands taken over were actually grazing tracts used regularly by pastoralists. So the expansion of cultivation inevitably meant the decline of pastures and a problem for pastoralists.
Or
(i)The expansion of wheat agriculture and overgrazing of the Prairies were responsible for the Dust Bowl tragedy.
(ii)In 1930s, terrifying duststorms began to blow over the southern plains.
(iii)These duststorms had a great impact on the economic and social life of the people.
11. “The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing field of Eton”. Justify the statement with suitable arguments. Or
“The introduction of western style clothing in the 19th century in India met with severe reactions in different ways”. Support the statement with suitable arguments.
Ans. (i) Britain’s military success was based on the values taught to school boys in its public schools.
(ii)Eton was the most famous of these schools.
(iii)The English boarding school was the institution that trained English boys for careers in the military, the civil service, and the church.
(iv)Men like Thomas Arnold, headmaster of the famous Rugby School and founder of the modern public school system, saw team sport like Cricket and Rugby not just as outdoor play but as an organised way of teaching English boys the discipline.
(Any three points to be mentioned)
Or
Many Indians reacted differently by the introduction of western style clothing.
(i)The wealthy Parsis of western India were among the first to adopt western style clothing. Baggy trousers and the Phenta (or hat) were added to long colourless coats with boots and a walking stick to look like a gentleman. To some, western clothes were a sign of modernity and progress.
(ii)There were others who were convinced that western culture would lead to a loss of . traditional cultural identity.
(iii) The use of western style clothes was taken as a sign of the world turning upside down.
(iv)Some men resolved this dilemma by wearing western clothes without giving up their Indian ones.
(Any three points to be mentioned)
12. Name any two regions where the tropical thorny forests and shrubs are found in India? Mention any two characteristics of such type of vegetation.
Ans. Thorny forests and scrubs are found in the north western part of India including semi- arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
Characteristics :
(i)Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into soil to get moisture.
(ii)Stems are succulent to conserve water.
(iii) Leaves are thick and small to minimise evaporation.
(Any two points to be mentioned)
13. Explain with examples the three main processes of change of population in India.
Ans. There are three main processes of change in population :
(i)Birth Rate : It is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major component of growth of population. In India birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
(ii)Death Rate : It is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. Rapid decline in death rates is the main cause of growing population rapidly. Since 1981 birth rates have also started declining gradually resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of population growth.
(iii)Migration : It is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal or international. Internal migration does not change the size of the population within the nation. Migration plays a very significant role in changing the composition and distribution of population.
14. Explain any three features of advancing monsoon with reference to India.
Ans. (i) The low pressure condition over the northern plains intensifies by early June. It attracts the trade winds of the southern hemisphere.
(ii)These winds cross the equator and blow in a south westerly direction entering the Indian Peninsula. They are known as South West monsoon.
(iii) As these winds blow over warm oceans, they bring abundant moisture to the subcontinent.
(iv) These winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 km per hour.
(v)The monsoon winds cover the country in about a month. It brings about a total change in the weather.
(vi) Early in the season, the windward side of Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall.
(vii) The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the north-eastern part of the country.
(viii) Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to west Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall.
(ix) The Monsoon is known for its uncertainties. The alternation of dry and wet spells vary in intensity, frequency and duration. It causes heavy floods in one part and droughts in the other.
(x) It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat.
(Any three points to be explained)
15.What is meant by reserved constituencies ? Justify the concept of ‘Reservation of seats’ by giving any two suitable arguments.
Ans.These are the constituencies which are reserved for people who belong to the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). In these constituencies, only someone who belongs to these categories can contest elections.
Arguments for justification of the Concept:
(i)The Constitution makers were worried that in an open electoral competition, certain weaker sections may not stand a good chance to get elected to Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies.
(ii)They may not have the required resources, education and contacts to contest and win elections against others.
16.In which three ways does Parliament exercise political authority on behalf of the people?
Ans.(i)Parliaments all over the world would make laws, change existing laws or abolish existing laws and replace them by new ones.
(ii)It exercises control over those who run the government.
(iii) Parliament controls all the money that government have.
(iv) Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policies.
(v)Parliament can seek information on any matter.
(Any three points to be explained)
17.“Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy”. Give any three arguments to support the statement.
Ans.Necessity of Right:
(i)Every citizen has the right to vote and right to be elected to the government.
(ii)For democratic elections to take place, it is necessary that citizens should know the right to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in politics.
(iii) Rights to protect minorities from the oppression of majority.
(iv)Rights are guarantees which can be used when things go wrong.
(Any three points to be mentioned)
18. How is the poverty line estimated in India? Explain with examples.
Ans. To estimate the poverty line in india :
(i) A common method used to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption level.
(ii)While determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirement, etc. are determined for subsistence.
(iii)While estimating the poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement, the accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas, and 2100 calories as per person per day in urban areas.
(iv)In the year 2012-13, the poverty line for a person was fixed at ? 328 per month for the rural areas and ? 454 for the urban areas.
(Any three points mentioned)
19. Describe the three dimensions of food security.
Ans. Food security has following dimensions :
(i) Availability of food means food production within the country, food imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries.
(ii)Accessibility means food is within reach of every person.
(iii)Affordability implies that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet one’s dietary needs.
20. Explain three important anti-poverty measures undertaken by the Government of India.
Ans. The government has introduced several measures for the removal of poverty. Some important ones are:
(i)National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) 2005 The Act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. Later it will be extended to 600 districts.
(ii) National Food for Work Programme (NFWP) 2004 : It was launched in 150 most backward districts of the country. It is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment.
(iii) Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) 1993 : The aim is to create self-employment opportunities for educated youth in rural areas and small towns.
21. Write any five ways by which British regulated the life of the forest societies in India.
Or
Why are Maasai of Africa continuously losing their grazing grounds? Explain any five reasons.
Or
How did the enclosure movement benefit Britain? Explain any five benefits.
Ans. (i) Various restrictions : The Forest Act meant severe hardship for villagers across the country. After the Act, all their forest activities like cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing became illegal.
(ii)Impact on cultivators: Shifting cultivation was the most common cultivation practised by the people. But this was banned because European foresters regarded this harmful for the forests.
(iii) Displacement of the people: To protect the forests, the Europeans started displacing villagers without any notice or compensation.
(iv)Various taxes : The Europeans started imposing heavy taxes on the forest people.
(v)Loss of livelihood: The Europeans started giving large European trading firms, the sole right to trade in the forest. Grazing and hunting by local people were restricted. In the process, many pastoralists and nomadic communities lost their livelihood.
Or
The main reasons for the continuous loss of grazing lands are :
(i)European imperial powers scrambled for territorial possessions in Africa, slicing up the region into different colonies.
(ii)Maasai land was divided into British Kenya and German Tanganyika.
(iii)Subsequently, the best grazing lands were gradually taken over for the white settlements and Maasai were pushed into a small area.
(iv)The Maasai lost about 60 per cent of their pre-colonial lands.
(v)They were confined to an arid zone with uncertain rainfall and poor pastures.
(vi)Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves.
(Any five points to be explained)
Or
(i)Grain production grew as quickly as population.
(ii)Landlords sliced up pasturelands, carved up open fields, cut up forest commons, took over marshes, and turned larger areas into agricultural fields.
(iii)Enclosures were seen as necessity to make long term investments on land.
(iv)Planned crops rotation to improve their soil.
(v) It also allowed the rich landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the markets.
22. ‘Cricket in India was organised on the principle of race and religion.’ Justify.
Or
Explain how clothes were used by Gandhiji as a powerful weapon to protest against the British rule.
Ans. (i) When there was a quarrel between the Bombay Gymkhana and the Parsi cricketers over the use of public park, the Britishers favoured the Bombay Gymkhana.
(ii)They regard religious communities as separate nationalities. That is why they used to approve applications for clubs on the basis of community.
(iii)They encouraged Pentangular tournament as it was based on communities.
(iv) The first class cricket was also organised on communal and racial lines. The teams that played colonial India’s greatest and most famous first-class cricket tournament did not represent regions, but religious communities.
(v)The applications that seek permission to built a cricket club based on a community were given priority by the Britishers.
Or
(i) Mahatma Gandhi’s dream was to clothe the whole nation in khadi. He felt khadi would be a means of erasing difference between religions, classes, etc.
(ii) He made spinning on the charkha and daily use of Khadi, or coarse cloth made from homespun yarn, very powerful symbols. These were not only symbols of self-reliance but also of resistance to the use of British mill-made cloth.
(iii)In Durban in 1913, Gandhiji first appeared in a lungi and kurta with his head shaved as a sign of mourning to protest against the shooting of Indian coal miners.
(iv)On his return to India in 1915, he decided to dress like a Kathiawadi peasant.
(v)He adopted the short dhoti in 1921 and wore it until his death because according to him it was the dress of a poor Indian.
(vi)Khadi, white and coarse was to him a sign of purity, of simplicity and of poverty. Wearing it became also a symbol of nationalism, a rejection of western mill-made cloth.
23.Explain the factors which influence the climate of India.
Ans.(i) The Himalayan mountain chain: It protects the Indian subcontinent from cold winds of the Central Asia. It creates barrier before the South-west monsoon.
(ii) Western disturbances : Western disturbances originate near the Mediterranean Sea. These cause rainfall in the north-west.
(iii)Low pressure region of Central Asia and Tibet: During summer, low pressure region is formed over the Middle-East countries, Central Asia and Tibet. This induces a burst of monsoon in our country.
(iv)Jet streams : The air currents blowing in the upper layer of the atmosphere are known as jet streams. These help the Western Disturbances to enter into India.
(v)Latitude : The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from the Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. Almost half of the country, lying south of the Tropic of Cancer, belongs to the tropical area. All the remaining area, north of the Tropic, lies in the subtropics. Therefore, India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climates.
24.Why are evergreen or tropical rain forests found in western slopes of the Western Ghats ? Mention any four features of these forests.
Ans.The western slopes of Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall as the region lies in windward side.
(i)These are found where the rainfall is more than 200 cm, with a short dry season.
(ii)These are found in the rainy slopes of Western Ghats, plains of West Bengal and Odisha, and the north-eastern India.
(iii)Trees grow very vigorously, reaching heights of about 60 m and above.
(iv)Some of the commercially useful trees of these forests are ebony, mahogany and rosewood.
25. How has the Indian Constitution ensured the independence of the judiciary ? Explain.
Ans. The ‘Independence of the Judiciary’ means that the judiciary should not be under the influence or control of any individual or authority. If the Legislature or Executive is in a position to influence the judiciary in any way, the judges will not be able to give impartial justice.
(i)Appointment of Judges : The Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President of India in consultation with other judges.
(ii) Security of Tenure : A Judge can remain in office till he has attained the age of 65 years (in case of Supreme Court) and 62 years (in case of High Court). He can be removed by the President on the ground of “proved misbehaviour or incapacity.” But the resolution for his impeachment should be passed by both the Houses.
(iii) Salaries, etc. are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India : The salaries are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India and cannot, therefore, be voted upon by the Parliament.
(iv)Non Discussion with respect to the conduct of any Judge : No discussion shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of any judge in the discharge of his duties when a motion for his removal is under consideration.
26. What is an election ? Discuss the importance of elections in a democracy.
Ans. As election is a contest between different political parties in order to get people’s support. Elections are exceptionally important in a democracy because of the following reasons :
(i) Without the elections, a democratic government cannot be set-up. It has been rightly said, “No election, no democracy”.
(ii)Through elections alone, the people can get rid of their cruel and unpopular government and in its place, they can elect a new popular government.
(iii) It is through elections alone that an effective control can be maintained on the executive.
(iv)All the citizens in a modern democracy cannot run the administration. Only their representatives can do it for them. In order to choose such representatives, the elections are must.
27. Question Based on OTBA.
28. Question Based on OTBA.
Note: The student has to attempt any one map question from question numbers 29.1, 29.2 and 29.3. Question no. 30 is compulsory. The maps are attached with the question paper.
29.1 On the given political outline map of India locate and mark.
A.Place where scientific forestry started.
B.State related to santhals.
C.Area where korava tribes belonged to.
Or
29.2 On the same given political map of India locate and mark.
1.State related to pastoral community, Gujjars.
2.State where Maldharis live.
3.Areas of Gaddis.
29.3 On the given map of United States of America mark and locate the following :3
(i)Cotton Belt Area
(ii)Pasture Region
(iii)Wheat Area.
Ans.
30.1 Two features – A and B are shown in the outline political map of India. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map.
1.Type of forest.
2.The state having lowest sex-ratio
30.2 Locate and label the following items on the same map of India with appropriate symbols :
(i) Corbett National Park
Ans.
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