CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 SA2 Social Science Solved 2016 Set 9
1.Who hosted the Vienna Congress in 1815?
Or
Name the society founded by Phan Boi Chau in Vietnam.
2.What is the low grade brown coal called?
3.What are the ‘Third Wave’ countries?
4.What is the criteria for being recognized as a National Party?
5.What does the political outcome of democracy signify?
6.What is a debt-trap?
7.What are Special Economic Zones (SEZ)?
8.What is the Consumer Court at the National level called?
9.Explain any three beliefs of conservatism that emerged after 1815.
Or
What were the main challenges faced by the new Democratic Republic of Vietnam set up in 1945?
10.What were the reasons for the relaunching of the Civil Disobedience Movement by Gandhiji?
11.Why did the Muslims fail to respond to the call of united struggle?
12.Describe the importance of petroleum. Mention its areas of production.
13.Discuss any three characteristics of the chemical industry in India.
14.Distinguish between National Highways and State Highways.
15.How do state and regional parties contribute in strengthening federalism and democracy in India ?
16.How does democracy accommodate social diversities? Explain any three ways. What values do you learn from accomodation of social diversities.
17.Discuss the expanded scope of democracy in the modern world.
18.Why are transactions made in money? Explain with suitable examples.
19.What complaints do the farmers of developing countries have against the developed country governments?
20.Why is there a great need for consumer awarness?
21.’Habsburg Empire was a patchwork of many different regions and people in Europe’. Discuss.
Or
What was the nature of the colonial economy in Vietnam?
22.How did the people and the colonial government react to the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.
23.What measures have been taken by the Indian government to increase coal production in the country?
24.How are integrated steel plants different from the mini steel plants? What problems have been faced by the steel industry? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity of iron and steel industry?
25.Discuss the main features of the popular mass struggle for restoring democracy in Nepal.
26.What outcomes can one reasonably expect of democracies?
27.Discuss the inconveniences of Barter System.
28.Discuss the disadvantages of MNCs.
29.On the outline political map of India locate and label the following:
(i) Â Â Â Place associated with the Congress Session held in 1927.
(ii) Â Â Â Place associated with the calling off of the Non Cooperation Movement.
(iii) Â Â Â Place associated with the no tax campaign.
30.Three features A, B and C are marked on the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
A. Â Â Â Copper mines
B. Â Â Â Software Technology Park
C. Â Â Â A Major Sea port in Odisha.
Answers
1.Who hosted the Vienna Congress in 1815?
Or
Name the society founded by Phan Boi Chau in Vietnam.
Ans.The Vienna Congress in 1815 was hosted by Duke Metternich.
Or
Phan Boi Chau founded the Revolutionary Society in Vietnam.
2.What is the low grade brown coal called?
Ans.Low grade brown coal is called Lignite.
3.What are the ‘Third Wave’ countries?
Ans.The countries that have changed to the democratic government from either monarchy, dictatorship or from colonial rule since the last decade of the 20th century are called as Third Wave countries.E.g. Nepal.
4.What is the criteria for being recognized as a National Party?
Ans. A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in the Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least 4 seats in the Lok Sabha is recognized as a National Party.
5.What does the political outcome of democracy signify?
Ans. The political outcome of democracy signifies an accountable, legitimate and responsible government.
6.What is a debt-trap?
Ans.There are situations when repayment of loans becomes difficult and credit instead of improving the earning, pushes the borrower into a situation from which recovery is very difficult and painful. This situation is called as debt-trap.
7.What are Special Economic Zones (SEZ)?
Ans.Special Economic Zones are the industrial zones set up by the government to attract the foreign companies to invest in the country. It includes relaxation in taxes, creating infrastructure suited for investment, etc.
8.What is the Consumer Court at the National level called?
Ans.Consumer Court at the National level is called The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.
9.Explain any three beliefs of conservatism that emerged after 1815.
Or
What were the main challenges faced by the new Democratic Republic of Vietnam set up in 1945?
Ans.After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that:
(i)    Established traditional institutions of state and society (like monarchy, church, social hierarchy, property and family) should be preserved.
(ii) Â Â Â Most conservatives believed that they should not return to the society of pre-revolutionary days.
(iii)    That modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like monarchy (as seen from changes initiated by Napoleon). They believed that in fact it could make the state power more effective and strong.
(iv)    That a modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy and abolition of feudalism and serfdom could actually strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. Â
Or
Following were the challenges faced by the new Democratic Republic of Vietnam set up in 1945:
(i)    The League for the Independence of Vietnam or Vietminh fought the Japanese and recaptured Hanoi in September 1945. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was set up and Ho Chi Minh became the Chairman.
(ii)    The new republic faced a number of challenges. The French tried to regain control by using the puppet emperor Bao Dai. Vietminh was pushed out of Hanoi. After eight years of fighting, the French were defeated at the Dien Bien Phu in 1954.
In the peace negotiation in Geneva after the French defeat the Vietnamese were persuaded to accept the division of the country into north and south Vietnam.
(iii)    Ho Chi Minh with Vietcong or army of the Communist Party was in power in the North while Bao Dai’s regime was put in power in the south. The division set in motion a series of events that turned Vietnam into a battlefield bringing death and destruction to the people.
10.What were the reasons for the relaunching of the Civil Disobedience Movement by Gandhiji?
Ans.Following were the reasons for the relaunching of the Civil Disobedience Movement by Gandhiji.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was relaunched in 1932.
After Civil Disobedience Movement the Congress was declared illegal and a series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings and disobedience.
(i) Â Â Â Failure of talks in the 2nd Round Table Conference.
(ii)    The country was passing through unrest. There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dock workers in 1932. Peasants were facing high taxation and poverty.
(iii) The Viceroy refused to meet Gandhiji or take any steps to relieve the grievances of the people, so Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement.
11.Why did the Muslims fail to respond to the call of united struggle?
Ans.(i) Some of the Muslim political organisations in India were lukewarm in their response to the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(ii)    After the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement, a large section of the Muslims felt alienated from the Congress.
(iii)    From the Mid-20s the Congress came to be more visibly associated openly with the Hindu religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha.
(iv)    During this period the relations between the Hindus and Muslims worsened, each community organised religious processions with militant fervour, provoking Hindu-Muslim communal clashes in various cities. Every riot deepened the distance between the two communities.Â
12.Describe the importance of petroleum. Mention its areas of production.
Ans.Petroleum is the second important source of energy in India after coal. It provides fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants for machines and raw materials for other industries. Oil refineries act as a nodal industry for synthetic textiles, fertilizers and other chemical industries.
About 63% of Indian’s petroleum production comes from Mumbai High, 18% from Gujarat and 16% from Assam. Ankleshwar is the most important oil field of Gujarat while Assam is the oldest oil producing state of India. Important oil fields are Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrijan in Assam.
13.Discuss any three characteristics of the chemical industry in India.
Ans.Following are the characteristics of the chemical industry in India:
(i) Â Â Â Chemical industry in India is fast growing and diversifying.
(ii) Â Â Â It contributes 3% of GDP approximately.
(iii) Â Â Â It is the third largest in Asia and occupies 12th place in the world in terms of the size.
(iv) Â Â Â It consists of both large scale and small scale manufacturing units.
(v) Â Â Â There has been rapid growth in the manufacture of organic and inorganic chemicals.
(vi) Inorganic chemical industry is more widespread while organic chemical industry is located near oil refineries or petrochemical plants.
14.Distinguish between National Highways and State Highways.
Ans.
15.How do state and regional parties contribute in strengthening federalism and democracy in India ?
Ans.As India is a federal state, so more regional parties mean, more influence of state parties in national politics.
- Now, regional parties have a say in political policies as they win elections in their states.
- In the present political scenario, no single National party has been able to form a government on its own strength since 1996.
- They had to form alliances with the regional parties to form a coalition government at the centre. This has broadened the concept of popular participation and strengthened the federation and democracy in our country.
16.How does democracy accommodate social diversities? Explain any three ways. What values do you learn from accomodation of social diversities.
Ans.Democracies accommodate various social differences or decisions in the following ways:
(i) Democracy develops competitive attitude: Democracy usually develops a procedure to conduct competition among the social differences. This reduces the possibility of social tensions becoming explosive or violent.
(ii) Democracy evolves mechanisms to negotiate: No society can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups, but we can certainly learn to respect these differences and we can also evolve mechanisms to negotiate the differences. Democracies are best suited to produce this outcome.
(iii)Democracy must represent the general view: The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to represent the general view. Hence, majority and minority opinions are not permanent.
Values: Cooperation, unity and strength, bilateral deliberations
17.Discuss the expanded scope of democracy in the modern world.
Ans.In the modern society, democracy is not limited to its very common definition but its area or scope has been widened under the influence of global concepts and some socio-economic changes.
(i) Democratic rights are not limited to the right to vote, to stand in elections and form political organisation. AÂ Democracy should grant some social and economic rights to its citizens.
(ii)The very spirit of power sharing in democracy is extended to the “power sharing between the governments and the social groups”.
(iii)Modern democracy cannot value only the voice of majority but it respects the voice of minority as well.
(iv)Now, the democracy has extended its scope from government and its activities to eliminating discrimination based on caste, religion and gender.
18.Why are transactions made in money? Explain with suitable examples.
Ans.Transactions are made in money because a person holding money can easily exchange it for any commodity or service that he or she might want.
For example, money solves the problem of double coincidence of wants by acting as a medium of exchange. If a shoe manufacturer wants to sell shoes in a market and buy rice under barter on exchange, both parties selling shoes and rice have to agree to sell and buy each others commodities and this creates a problem which is referred to as double coincidence of wants. This problem is overcome by introduction of money. Here the shoe manufacturer will first exchange shoes that he has produced for money and then exchange the money for rice.
19.What complaints do the farmers of developing countries have against the developed country governments?
Ans.In developing countries governments have reduced trade barriers as per WTO rules. But developed countries have ignored the rules of WTO and have continued to pay their farmers vast sums of money for production and for exports to other countries. Therefore, now farmers of developed countries are able to sell farm products at abnormally low price in other country’s markets which is adversely affecting farmers of developing countries. This is really a case of unfair trade.
20.Why is there a great need for consumer awarness?
Ans.There is a great need for consumer awarness because of the following reasons:
(i)    There are producers of goods and services who use selfish and corrupt means to earn more profit. They may charge more and weigh less. As an aware consumer, this can be checked.
(ii)    There has been a practice of adulteration in food products that can harm consumer’s health. An aware consumer can put an end to such practices.
(iii) Â Â Â More and more people can be educated regarding awarness and thus help in framing a well informed society.
21.’Habsburg Empire was a patchwork of many different regions and people in Europe’. Discuss.
Or
What was the nature of the colonial economy in Vietnam?
Ans.Because of geographical and ethnic diversities Habsburg empire symbolised a patchwork of different regions and peoples of Europe. It included Alpine region of Tyrol, Austria and Sudetanland as well as Bohemia Galicia and Italian regions of Lombardy and Venetia.
Several languages were spoken in these regions, e.g., in Hungary the people spoke Magyr, in Galicia Polish, in Lombardy and Venetia-Italian, in Bohemia and Sudetanland they spoke German.
The language spoken by the aristocracy was German, Italian, Polish while the peasants usually spoke local dialects.
Various ethnic groups lived in the peripheries of the empire. Three dominant groups lived within the boundaries of the empire. A mass of peasants were Bohemians and Slovaks in the North, Slovenes in Carniola, Croats in the South and Roumans to the east of Transylvania.
The only binding force among these groups was a common allegiance to the Emperor.
Like the colonial policy of other imperial powers, the French also subjected the Vietnamese economy to the interests of the homeland.
Vietnam had to supply her natural resources and other essential goods to France on their terms.
No doubt the French took up vast irrigational works and built canals – but mainly with forced labour consisting of Vietnamese people.
Increased rice production aimed at exporting rice to international markets to make profit. Vietnam had to export two-third of its rice production to other countries.
Colonial economy of Vietnam was primarily based on rice cultivation and rubber plantation owned by the French and a small section of elite Vietnamese.
Indentured Vietnamese labour was used in the rubber plantation. They lived a miserable life. The French did little to industrialise the economy.
22.How did the people and the colonial government react to the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.
Ans.Different people reacted differently to the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Thousands of people broke colonial laws, broke salt laws, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories.
Foreign cloth was boycotted, liquor shops were picketed, peasants refused to pay revenue and Chowkidari taxes.
Village officials resigned and in many places forest people violated forest laws – going into Reserve Forests to collect wood and graze cattle.
In Peshawar the movement was led by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.
On the other hand colonial government reacted with ruthless action. Worried by the intensity of the movement the colonial government began arresting all eminent Congress leaders. This led to violent clashes in many places.
Peaceful Satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten and about 1,00,000 people were arrested. The Congress was declared as an illegal institution. Once Gandhiji called off the movement, the viceroys signed a pact with Gandhiji.
23.What measures have been taken by the Indian government to increase coal production in the country?
Ans.Following are the measures taken by the Indian government to increase coal production in the country:
(i) Â Â Â The government has taken over production and the distribution process of coal.
(ii) Â Â Â Coal india Limited and Coal Development Corporation are engaged in developing coalfields.
(iii)    Special measures have been taken to avoid the misuse of coal during extraction, transportation and distribution of coal.
(iv) Â Â Â The mining process is being modernised with the use of latest technology in the extraction of coal.
(v)    Inferior quality of coal is now being used for the production of thermal power and the best quality coal is thus conserved.
(vi) Â Â Â New coalfields have been explored to meet the growing demand.
(vii)    Elimination of middlemen from the production and distribution process has also helped a lot in increasing coal production
24.How are integrated steel plants different from the mini steel plants? What problems have been faced by the steel industry? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity of iron and steel industry?
Ans.Mini steel plants are decentralised, small, secondary units, having electric furnaces which produce steel using scrap and sponge iron. They produce mild and alloy steel of various kinds. Integrated steel plants on the other hand are large, handle everything in One complex- from transport of raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping the metal. The problems faced by the iron and steel plants are :
(i) Â Â Â High costs and lack of availability of coking coal.
(ii) Â Â Â Low efficiency of labour.
(iii) Â Â Â Erratic supply of energy resources.
(iv) Â Â Â Poor infrastructure.
In recent years the policy of liberalisation and direct investment of capital from foreign countries and private entrepreneurship and more funds for research and development for updating of technology has contributed to increased production capacity.
25.Discuss the main features of the popular mass struggle for restoring democracy in Nepal.
Ans.Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular mass struggle in April 2006 for restoring democracy in Nepal.
Main features:
•    In the very first, the mass struggle for democracy was launched by a Seven-Party Alliance i.e., SPA. Later the Maoists and other insurgent groups joined hands.
•    The struggle/movement put forward three demands:
(i) Â Â Â Restoration of Parliament.
(ii) Â Â Â Transfer of power to an all party government.
(iii) Â Â Â Constitution of a new Constituent Assembly.
•    Then, there was a call for an indefinite strike by the SPA. The alliance had some members of the Parliament and of some other big parties.
•    The Monarchy of Nepal responded by adopting various repressive measures, but the movement could not be suppressed. Here, SPA was not the only organisation supporting the mass upsurge-Nepalese Communist Party (Maoist) was also a part of it. It did not believe in parliamentary democracy. It had opposed the Nepali government and controlled large parts of Nepal.
•    Ultimately, the king was forced to concede to all the demands and an interim government was immediately formed.
26.What outcomes can one reasonably expect of democracies?
Ans.One can reasonably expect the following outcomes of democracies.
(i) Â Â Â In the Political Sphere: People should be given popular participation in politics like :
•    Right to vote
•    Right to contest election
•    Right to participate in other political affairs:
(a)    Regarding decentralisation of political democracy, the local government of rural as well as urban areas should be given real economic and other powers.
(b)    We can also expect that there should be a age limit for the politicians and there should be a ban on holding the post of PM, President, Governor, CM, etc., after two terms.
(ii) In the Economic Sphere: Economic inequality and disparity in society should be minimised as soon as possible.
•    Problems of poverty and unemployment should be checked. In order to have political equality, we expect economic equality as well. Right to employment to lead a reasonably good life should be guaranteed to every citizen.
(iii)Â In the Social Sphere: In the social sphere of life we expect social equality and justice to all.
•    Equal protection should be given to every category of people in societies like woman, OBCs, SCs and STs.
•    “Gender division” should be avoided and society should be free from any form of “untouchability” and discrimination.
(iv)Justice Arena: In the sphere of justice, we can expect “cheap and quick judgement” from our democracy or democratic judiciary. It is very painful to see that in free India countless cases are still pending in courts.
(v)Practical Expectation: Besides, for electoral politics we expect that:
•    The Presidents and heads of every political party should be elected or appointed by the Election Commission.
•    The influence of money and muscle power should be checked in order to have a free and fair election.
•    In order to have a high literacy level we expect that our democracy should provide education for all and should ban child labour.
•    Facilities for higher, professional and technical education should be provided at the grass-root level e.g., Decentralisation of Education.
Above all, our expectation regarding the outcome of democracy is mainly to improve the quality of life of the people of our country.
27.Discuss the inconveniences of Barter System.
Ans.The following are the inconveniences caused by the Barter System
(i)   Lack of double coincidence of wants—Here, a seller has to find out a person who wants to buy seller’s goods and at the same time who must have what the seller wants. This is the main drawback of barter exchange.
(ii)    Absence of common measure of value—When thousands of articles are produced and exchanged, there will be unlimited number of exchange ratios. Absence of a common denominator in order to express exchange ratios create many difficulties.
(iii)    Lack of divisibility—If a person wants to purchase wheat equal to the value of half of his horse, he cannot do so without killing his horse. Thus lack of divisibility makes barter exchange impossible.
(iv)    Difficulty in storing wealth—Holding of stocks of goods like cattle, wheat, potatoes, etc., involve costly storage and deterioration.
(v)    Lack of satisfactory unit to engage in contracts—It is difficult to engage in contracts which involve future payments due to lack of any satisfactory unit
28.Discuss the disadvantages of MNCs
Ans.Disadvantages of MNCs are as follows:
(i) Â Â Â MNCs are profit-oriented and are not concerned with an overall economic development of the host countries.
(ii) Â Â Â Their technology is usually capital intensive which is not suited for a country like India.
(iii) Â Â Â MNCs create regional economic disparities.
(iv)    Foreign remittances like payment of dividends, royalties, technical know-how and professional services, etc., put a severe drain on the foreign exchange resources of a developing economy.
(v) Â Â Â MNCs may prove detrimental to industrial development in the long run.
(vi) Â Â Â MNCs expenditure on scientific research in developing economy, is negligible.
(vii) Â Â Â MNCs often resort to undesirable and corrupt practices.
(viii) MNCs prefer to participate in the production of mass consumption and non-essential items.
29.On the outline political map of India locate and label the following:
(i) Â Â Â Place associated with the Congress Session held in 1927.
(ii) Â Â Â Place associated with the calling off of the Non Cooperation Movement.
(iii) Â Â Â Place associated with the no tax campaign.
Ans.
30.Three features A, B and C are marked on the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
A. Â Â Â Copper mines
B. Â Â Â Software Technology Park
C. Â Â Â A Major Sea port in Odisha.
Ans.
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