CBSE Class 12 Geography Sample Paper With Solutions Set 13
[Time Allowed : 3 hrs.] [Max. Marks : 70]
Questions 1-7 (1 Mark), 8-13 (3 Marks), 14-20 (5 Marks), 21 and 22 (Map Question-5 Marks each)
Q.1.Write down the name of any two plantation crop.
Ans. Cocoa, coffee, tea, rubber, coconut and sugarcane are the main plantation crop.
Q.2. Which continent has the highest growth rate.
Ans. Africa continent (8.2%) has the highest growth rate in the world.
Q.3. Name the longest pipeline which connect from Gulf of Mexico to the north-east industrial region of the USA.
Ans. “Big Inch” is the longest pipeline which connect from Gulf of Mexico to the north – east industrial region of the U.S.A.
Q.4. Write down the name of any two ancient towns of India.
Ans. Madurai, Patliputra are the two ancient towns of India.
Q.5. Define rainwater harvesting.
Ans. Rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is a technique of increasing the recharge of groundwater by capturing and storing rainwater.
Q.6. Give the meaning of retail trading services?
Ans. Retail trading is a business activity concerned with the sale of goods directly to the consumers.
Q.7. Mention the root cause of Acid rain?
Ans. The root cause of Acid rain is air pollution, combustion of fossil fuels, mining and industrial activities
Q.8. Why medical tourism is famous in south East Asia?
Ans. The south east Asia emerged as a medical tourist destination in the world, because of the following reasons:
(i)India, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia providing medical facilities of global standards.
(ii)World class hospitals located in these countries, providing the best health facilities.
(iii)Hospitals in India, have been performing certain best medical services like MRI’S, Ultrasound etc. and also providing warm hospitality.
Q.9. Study jthe table given below and answer the following question.
(i)Which class of cities has maximum percentage grpwth? State its value also.
Ans. Class ID has maximum percentage growth. It is 46.19%.
(ii)Which class of cities has maximum number of cities? State the number of cities of this class.
Ans.Class IV has maximum number of cities. It is 1560.
(iii)What is the number of cities belonging to the population size 50,000 – 99,999 ? Also state the total population of these cities.
Ans.498 is the number of cities in 50,000-99,999 population size. The total population of these cities is 34.43 million.
Q.10.The conventional sources of energy are fast getting depleted. Little do we realize that if we are not careful, there will be acute shortage?
(a)Name two conventional energy sources.
(b)How can citizens play an important role in conserving energy resources?
Ans. The conventional sources of energy are depleting very fast if we are not going to develop the non-conventional source of energy our future is going to be bleak and stagnant.
(a)Coal, petroleum.
(b)Careful and judicious use of resources, Sustainable Developments
Q.11. How is knowledge of nature is important in developing technology? Explain with suitable example.
Ans. The knowledge of nature is important to develop technology. The technology highlights the level of cultural development of a community. Human beings keep developing the technology with the knowledge of the laws of nature.
(i)Fire was discovered after knowing the laws of friction and heat.
(ii)After knowing the mysteries of DNA and Genetics, man developed many medicines and conquered many dreaded diseases.
(iii)The laws of wind speed, had promoted the invention of the aeroplane.
Q.12.The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time. With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. They, create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. The human activities create cultural landscape. The imprints of human activities are created everywhere; health resorts on highlands, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the space. The earlier scholars termed this possibilism.
Read the above paragraph and analyse the following:
(i)What are the developments taken place with the passage of time ?
(ii)Which thought does the above paragraph focus on, and what kind of values does it show ?
Ans. (i) With the passage of time the human being has moved from the state of necessity to a state of freedom.
(ii)The above paragraph focuses on the possibilities thought. It shows how the social and technological developments have helped humans develop better and efficient technologies. The humans have also learnt to overcome the fury of nature and it shows the confidence and lifesaving skill of the human beings.
Q.13. Describe any three sources which are responsible for water pollution in India.
Ans. The four major sources of water pollution in India are :
(i)The urban sources of polluted water and sewage, municipal and domestic garbage that are disposed into the water.
(ii)The disposal of industrial effluents, disposals into the running water and poisonous elements destroy the bio-system of these waters.
(iii)Water pollution is also created by natural sources like erosion, landslides, decay of plants and animals etc.
(iv)The anthropogenic sources of water pollution are disposal of corpses, ashes and emersion of idols into the water.
Q.14. Why is human development is necessary in India? Explain any five reasons.
Ans. Human development is necessary because :
•better living conditions are provided to the aspiring people and have the wide range of opportunities to choose for the enrichment of their life and to enjoy freedom.
•The main aim of ‘Human Development’ is to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. It gives healthy civil society and attains social stability.
•Human development reduces enmity with each other, it increases awareness promotes peace as communal riots, crimes etc., are reduced in the society. It provides a strong platform to the government.
•As the human development takes place, people are given wider choices, and helpful in alleviating poverty. People check desertification, deforestation and soil erosion which they were doing earlier to earn their livelihood because human development is eco-friendly also.
•Human development helps in attaining higher productivity. When people live healthy well nourished life and are highly educated and skilled in varied technologies, they become the most important assets to attain productivity. So unless their health, education and training is taken care the productivity cannot be attained or in other words we can say that development cannot be attained.
Q.15. What are the important strategies for agriculture development followed in the post independence period in India.
Ans. To attain self-sufficiency in the food grains was the main goal of government the enhance the agricultural development following strategies are taken :
•Change in the agricultural pattern from cash to food crops.
•The intensity of cropping pattern adopted with new agricultural inputs.
•The use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides in cultivable fallow land under agriculture,it has enhanced the agricultural productions manifold.
•Intensive agricultural district programme and intensive agriculture area programme were launched.
•The HYV seeds were developed and widespread use of HYV seeds increased the yield per hectare.
Q.16. What is commercial livestock rearing? Write four main characteristics of it.
Ans. The commercial livestock rearing is the animal rearing gf modern times, more organised and is being undertaken scientifically.
The main features of commercial livestock rearing are :
•The animals depend on fodder crops, grasses, which are cultivated over extensive areas instead of natural grasslands.
•Special breeds of animals are reared to give maximum yields of milk and meat.
•More stress is laid on genetic improvement, disease control and health care.
•The processing of milk and meat and packaging of animal products is carried out by machines and on scientific lines and exported to different countries.
Q.17. Explain any five factors affect the location of rural settlement in the world.
Ans. Rural settlements are closely related to land, water supply, upland or highland, building material and defense etc. The factors that influenced rural settlements are as follows :
(i)Water Supply : Rural settlements are located near water bodies such as rivers, lakes, springs and tanks, where water resource is easily accessible. Sometimes the need for water drives people to settle in otherwise disadvantage sites such as islands surrounded by swamps or low lying river banks. Water is the main basic need of human society. Hence ‘wet points’ greatly influence rural settlements.
(ii)Land: Fertile land is a major factor for rural settlements. The rural inhabitants are mainly confined to primary activities i.e., agriculture. In southern Asia, rural settlements are highly concentrated near river valleys and coastal plains.
(iii)Upland: High elevated landmass, which are free from the common occurrence of flood. Thus main concentration of rural settlements are terraces and levees which are said to be dry points.
(iv)Building Materials : The easy availability of building materials-wood, stone near settlements is a boon. The primitive societies built their houses near forests, where wood was plentiful. Eskimos, in the polar areas use ice blocs to construct their house igloos.
(v)Defence: In earlier times, there was political instability and war hostility of neighbouring groups, villages were built on defensive hills and islands. The settlement of Jaiselmer is greatly influenced by the invasion of various warrior groups.
Q.18.’Hill area development programme in India were drawn .keeping in view their topographical, ecological, social and economic conditions’ support this statement with suitable explanation.
Ans. The “Hill Area Development Programmes” in India was launched by the Planning Commission and was drawn keeping in view their topographical, ecological, social and economic conditions in the following ways :
(i)The development programme for “HADP” in areas like Assam is a comprehensive one, covering areas such as land reclamation, checking soil erosion, scientific water management, flood control afforestation, rehabilitation of shifting cultivators and development of minor irrigation.
(ii)The “HADP” also aims to generate employment through allied activities (horticulture, fishing and animal husbandry etc.)
(iii) The infrastructural development is also one of the main objectives-like transport, education, electricity and agricultural inputs.
(iv) Review of the forest, exercise policies and improvement as well as conservation, of environment.
Q.19. What is the importance of water transport? Describe in brief water transport system in India.
Ans. The importance of water transport is as follows :
A.(i) Water transport is one of the cheapest and most suitable for the transportation of heavy
and bulky goods.
(ii)No capital investment is required for its construction and maintenance cost is negligible.
(iii)Water transport is quite open even during war time. .
(iv)Water transport is very low fuel efficient and less polluting.
B. (i) Water transport in India can be divided into two categories :
•Inland Waterways
•Oceanic transport
(ii)India has 14,500 km navigable waterways including canals, rivers, backwaters and narrow bays.
(iii)3,700 km of river length is suitable for mechanised craft, though only 2,000 km of this, river length is being used currently.
Q.20. What is the meaning of population growth? Describe the four phases of Indian demographic history with two main features each.
Ans. Population Growth. The net change in the size of population between two points of time is said to be population growth. This change in the population growth is expressed in per cent and said to be growth rate of population.
The four phases of Indian demographic history are as follows :
•Stagnant Growth Phase (1901-21). During this period the growth rate was irregular and there was sporadic increase in population.
•In this period both birth rate and death rate were very high. In this decade (1901-1921) growth rate of population declined by 7.70 lakh.
•Steady Growth Phase (1921-1951). Due to increase in medical aid and sanitation, there was rapid decline in the death rate.
Though the birth rate was very high, which influence the high growth rate.
•Rapid Growth Phase (1951-1981).
•During this period rapid growth rate doubled the population of India.
The average annual growth rate of population during this period was 2.2 per cent because development works were undertaken on a large scale and there was a great improvement in the living conditions of people. So compared to birth rate, there was rapid decline in the death rate.
•Declining Growth Phase (1981-2001). During this decade growth rate started declining, due to success of family planning programme.
The mass promotion of female literacy is responsible for the declining growth trend. The people started following small family norms.
Q.21. On the outline map of the World, the following five features are shown. Identify the features and write their correct names.
(i)The most populous country of Europe
(ii)Mega city of Africa
(iii)Major airport of south America
(iv)Shipping canal
(v)Area of Nomadic herding in South Africa
Ans.(i)Germany (ii)Beijing (iii)Santiago (iv)Suez Canal (v)Angola
Q.22. On the given outline political map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols:
(i)State having the highest growth rate
(ii)Iron and steel plant located in Karnataka
(iii)Land locked sea port
(iv)Southern most international air port
(v)State having the lowest urban population.
Ans.
