Category: Social

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

1.  Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) What is the true shape of the earth?
(b) What is the globe?
(c) What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer?
(d) What are the three heat zones of the Earth?
(e) What are parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude?
(f) Why does the Torrid Zone receive the maximum amount of heat?
(g) Why is it 5.30 p.m in India when it is 12.00 noon in London?
Answers:
(a) The true shape of the Earth is geoid-earth like shape. In other words, it is orange shaped.
(b) Globe. Globe is the three dimensional model of the earth.
(c) 23\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° N.
(d) (i) Torrid Zone
(ii) Temperate Zone
(iii) Frigid Zone.
(e) Parallels of Latitudes and Meridians of Longitudes:
Parallels of Latitudes:
All the parallel circles from the equator to the poles are called parallels of latitudes.
Meridians of Longitudes:
All the semi-circles which join north pole to south pole are termed as meridians of longitudes.
(f) Torrid Zone receives the maximum amount of heat because of the following reasons:

• The Sun shines perpendicular between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn throughout the year.
• Perpendicular sun rays give more heat than slanting sun rays.

(g) It is 5.30 p.m. in India when it is 12.00 noon in London because of the following reasons:

• London is located at 0° longitude while the time of 82\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° E longitude is taken as standard time in India.
• There is a difference of 82\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) between the longitude of London and the Standard Meridian of India (82\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) E).
• Time in India is ahead of London. It is 4 minutes ahead at every longitude towards east.
• Hence time in India is ahead of London by 5.30 hours (4 x 82\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) = 330 minutes or 5.30 hours).

2. Tick the correct answer:

(a)The value of the prime meridian is
(i) 90°                                (ii) 0°                                     (iii) 60°

(b)The frigid zone lies near
(i) the Poles                             (ii) the Equator        (iii) the Tropic of Cancer

(c)The total number of longitudes are
(i) 360                                       (ii) 180                                             (iii) 90

(d) The Antarctic Circle is located in
(i) the Northern Hemisphere
(ii) the Southern Hemisphere
(iii) the Eastern Hemisphere

(e) Grid is a network of
(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes
(ii) the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
(iii) the North Pole and the South Pole

Answers: (a)—(ii), (b)-(i),(c)-(i), (d)-(ii), (e)-(i).

• Remark: Actually the number of longitudes is infinite. We can draw longitudes of any degree value. We show in diagrams distinct longitudes just for our convenience, e.g. the number of longitudes can be 360 (shown at gap of 1 degree), 180 (shown at every 2 degrees), and so on—as we wish.

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. The Tropic of Capricorn is located at…………………..
2. The Standard Meridian of India is…………………..
3. The 0° Meridian is also known as…………………..
4. The distance between the longitudes decreases towards ……………………….
5. The Arctic Circle is located in the……………….

Answers:

1. 23 ¹/2° S
2. 82 ¹/2° E
3. Prime Meridian
4. Prime Meridian
5. Northern.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) The globe and the earth are different in …………………..
(a) shape                                                    (b) size
(c) continents and oceans                      (d) none of these.

(ii)    The axis is parallel to the ………………….
(a) equator                                                   (b)     Prime  Meridian
(c) latitudes                                                  (d)    all of these.

(iii)  The Tropic of Cancer is located at …………………….
(a) 23 1/₂ ° N                                                 (b)     66 1/₂ ° N
(c) 23 1/₂ °S                                                (d)    66  1/₂ ° S.

(iv)  The heat zone with the coldest climate is the ……………………….
(a) Torrid Zone                                          (b) Northern Temperate Zone
(c) The Frigid Zones                                (d) either of the Temperate Zones.

(v) From the westernmost point to the easternmost point, the local times of India extend over a time difference of……………………
(a) no difference                                        (b) 30 minutes
(c) 1 hour                                                    (d) over 1 hour.

(vi) The time difference between Greenwich and India is …………………….
(a) no difference                                        (b) 3 hours
(c) 5 hours 30 minutes                             (d) 12 hours 30 minutes.

Answers:  (i)—(b), (ii)—(b), (iii)—(a), (iv)—(c), (v)—(d), (vi)—(c).

Fill in the Blanks:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given to complete each sentence:

1. Russia extends over………………… time zones.
2. As we move away from the equator, the size of the latitudes ……………………………
3. The poles fall in the……………..
4. To locate a point, we need to know its latitude, as well as……………………………
5. The British Royal Observatory is located in ………………………..  UK.
6. A hemisphere is one ……………..  of a sphere.
7. Latitudes and longitudes form a………………………
8. All places lying on the same …………………  have the same time.
9. When it is 7.30 pm on August 16 in Greenwich, it is………………………….. (time) on ……………(date) in Chennai.

Answers:

1. eleven
2. decreases
3. Frigid
4. longitude
5. Greenwich
6. half
7. grid
8. longitude
9. 1 am on August 17.

True/False:

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The axis of the earth is not actually tilted as depicted in a globe.
2. The equator is the 0-degree latitude.
3. The Prime Meridian is the 180-degree longitude.
4. More than half of India lies in the Frigid Zone.
5. The Tropic of Capricorn does not pass through India.
6. The two Temperate Zones maintain a moderate climate.
7. The time at a place in the east of Greenwich is ahead of that in Greenwich,
8. The earth rotates from west to east.
9. The standard longitude for Indian time is the 64° longitude.

Answers:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False.

Matching Skill:

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Globe Latitudes and Longitudes Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the globe?
Answer: Globe is a true model of the earth. It shows the earth in a small form.

2. What are the advantages of the globe? [V. Imp.]
Answer: The globe is small in shape, is convenient to carry and use, and depicts all features of the earth.

3. What are the two types of lines needed to locate any point on the earth’s surface? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Latitudes and longitudes are required to locate any point on the earth’s surface.

4. Define latitude.
Answer: One of the imaginary circles parallel to the Equator is called latitude.

5. Define longitude.
Answer: One of the imaginary circles parallel to the Prime Meridian is called longitude.

6. Which place is used as a standard for a time all over the world?
Answer: Greenwich in Britain is used as a standard for a time all over the world.

7. Geographically, what is the time difference between Dwarka in Gujarat and Dibrugarh in Assam? [Imp]
Answer: The time difference between Dwarka and Dibrugarh is of 1 hour 45 minutes.

8. A particular city lies in the time zone-2. What does this mean?
Answer: This means that the city’s local time is 2 hours behind Greenwich.

9. What does the time ‘12 noon’ signify at any place?
Answer: ‘12 noon’ refers to the time when the sun is at the highest point in the sky.

10. Which heat zone does the equator lie in?
Answer: The equator lies in the Torrid Zone.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions Short Answer Type Questions

1. A cricket match begins at 10.30 am on January 10 in New Zealand (time zone of +12). TeU. the time in Greenwich when it is shown live on TV there.
Answer: New Zealand lies in time zone +12, Le. it is 12 hours ahead of Greenwich, or Greenwich is 12 hours behind New Zealand. So when it is 10.30 am on January 10 in New Zealand, it is 10.30 pm on January 9. So the cricket match will be telecast from 10.30 pm on Jan 9 in Greenwich.

2. Why do we have the concept of time zone? [V. Imp.]
Answer: The sun does not shine with the same intensity over all parts of the world at a particular time. If it is overhead at one place (midday), then it does not shine at all (midnight) at the place directly opposite to that place on the earth. So if we have the same time, then 12 noon will mean midday at one place, and midnight at another. To avoid such an awkward system, we have the system of time zones, so that everywhere a particular time means the same stage of the day.

3. Write a short note on Heat Zones. [Imp.]
Answer: Heat zones are the different zones of the earth, where the sun’s rays fall differently, thus causing different climate patterns. These zones are called the Torrid Zone, the two Temperate Zones, and the two Frigid Zones. The Torrid Zone is very hot since the sun shines overhead here. The Temperate Zones maintain a moderate climate, and the Frigid Zones are extremely cold.

5.How do latitudes and longitudes help in locating a point? Why is only one of them insufficient in doing this?[V. Imp.]
Answer: Latitudes and longitudes form a grid. Two different points may lie on the same latitude or the same longitude. But there exists only one point where latitude and longitude intersect. So a point can be identified with the help of the latitude and longitude on which it lies.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Long Answer Type Questions

1. In the grid shown below, ten points are marked (a to j). Using the figures marked with the grid, identify the latitudes and longitudes of these points [V. Imp.]

Answer:

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 8 India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife

1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a)Which winds bring rainfall in India? Why is it so important?
(b)Name the different seasons in India.
(c)What is natural vegetation?
(d)Name the different types of vegetation found in
(e)What is the difference between evergreen forest and deciduous forest?
(f)Why is tropical rainforest also called evergreen forest?
Answers:
(a) Monsoon winds bring rainfall in India. Agriculture in India depends on rains. Good monsoons mean sufficient rain and a good crop. Hence, monsoon winds Eire very importantly. Our prosperity depends on these winds.

(b) The different seasons in India are:

• Cold Weather Season (Winter)
• Hot Weather Season (Summer)
• Southwest Monsoon Season (Rainy)
• Season of retreating Monsoon (Autumn).

(c) Natural Vegetation
Grasses, shrubs, and trees which grow of their own without any interference or help from mankind constitute natural vegetation.

(d) Different types of vegetation found in India

• Tropical Rain Forests
• Tropical Deciduous Forests
• Thorny Forests
• Mountain Vegetation
• Mangrove Forests

(f) Tropical rainforest is also called evergreen forest because they (the trees) do not shed their leaves in a particular season.

2. Tick the correct answer.
(a) The world’s highest rainfall occurs in …………
(i) Mumbai                         (ii)    Asansol                           (iii)    Mawsyuram.

(b) Mangrove forests can thrive in………
(i) saline water                   (ii)    freshwater                     (iii)polluted water.

(c) Mahogany and rosewood trees are found in………..
(i) mangrove forests
(ii) tropical deciduous forests
(iii) tropical evergreen forests

(d) Wild goats and snow leopards are found in…………
(i) Himalayan region      (ii)Peninsular region            (iii)    Gir forests.

(e) During the South-west monsoon period, the moisture-laden winds blow from
(i) land to sea                     (ii)    sea to land                      (iii)    plateau to plains.

Answers:
(a)—(iii), (b)—(i), (c)—(iii), (d)—(i), (e)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. Hot and dry winds are known as………… blow during the day in summers.
2. The states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu receive a great amount of rainfall during the season of…………..
3. ……. forest in Gujarat is the home of……………
4. …………… is a well-known species of mangrove forests.
5. …………. are also called monsoon forests.

Answer:

1. loo
2. retreating monsoon
3. Gir, Asiatic lions
4. Sundari
5. Tropical deciduous forests.

I. Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:
(i) Sundarbans is in ………..
(a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(b) West Bengal
(c) Orissa
(d) Madhya Pradesh.

(ii) Which one forms the group of migratory birds?
(a) Siberian Crane, Flamingo and Crow
(b) Sparrow, Crow, and Stork
(c) Stork, Siberian Crane, and Flamingo
(d)Duck, Bulbul and geese.

(iii) These places experience moderate climate ………………
(a) Mumbai and Kolkata
(b) Patna and Lucknow
(c) Bikaner and Jaisalmer
(d) Ranchi and Asansol.

(iv) Elephants and one-homed rhinoceroses are found in the forests of……………………
(a) Assam
(b) Gujarat
(c) Kerala
(d)Karnataka

(v) Wildlife week is observed every year in the first week of _________
(a) November
(b) August
(c) September
(d) October.

Answers:
(i)—(b), (ii)—(c), (iii)—(a), (iv)—(a), (v)—(d).

II. Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Camels and wild asses are found in the ……….. and the ……….
2. ………  in Rajasthan receives the least rainfall.
3. Tropical Rain Forests occur in the areas which receive …………..  rainfall.
4. Cold weather season remains from………… to ………..
5. The climate of India has been described as …………..  type.
6. The roots of the plants kind the………….., thus, they control soil erosion.
7. Parrots, pigeons, geese, etc. are examples of ……….. birds.

Answer:

1. Great Indian Desert, Rann of Kuchchh
2. Jaisalmer
3. heavy
4. December,   February
5. Monsoon
6. bind
7. common

III.True/False

State whether these sentences are true (I) or false (F).

1. During the winter season, the sun rays fall directly in the region.
2. Due to India’s location in the tropical region, most of the rain is brought by monsoon winds.
3. Tropical rainforests are not very dense.
4. Tropical rainforests are also called monsoon forests.
5. Thorny bushes are found in dry areas of the country.
6. Siberian Crane, Stork, Flamingo, etc. migrate to our country in the winter season every year.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True.

IV.Matching Skill
Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What happens in the season of the retreating monsoons? [Imp.]
Answer:   Winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal.                                  ,

2. What is climate?
Answer:
Climate is the average weather condition, which has been measured over many years.

3. Name the factors that affect the climate of a place.  [Imp.]
Answer:
The climate of a place is affected by its location, altitude, distance from the sea and relief.

4. Name the two regions of Rajasthan which are very hot.
Answer:
Jaisalmer and Bikaner.

5. Name the two regions of Jammu and Kashmir which are very cold or freezing cold.
Answer:
Drass and Kargil.

6. What do you mean by moderate climate? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Moderate climate refers to the climate which is neither very hot nor very cold.

7. What are called bushes?
Answer:
Small plants are called bushes.

8. Where are thorny bushes found?
Answer:
Thorny bushes are found in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

9. What is the special feature of mountain vegetation?
Answer:
The trees are conical in shape.

10. Why is Van Mahotsav arranged?   [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Van Mahotsav is arranged to awaken people to plant more and more trees.

11. Why are several species of wildlife of India declining? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Due to the cutting of forests and hunting, several species of wildlife of India are declining.

12. Name the project started by the government to protect tigers? [Imp.]
Answer:
Project Tiger.

13. Name some migratory birds.
Answer:
Pelican, Siberian Crane, Stork, Flamingo, Pintail, Duck and Curlew.

India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the cold weather season and hot weather season.
Answer:
During the cold-weather season (winter), the sun rays do not fall directly in the region. As a result, the temperatures are quite low in northern India. In the hot weather season (summer), the sun rays fall directly in the region. Hence, the temperature becomes very high. Hot and dry winds called loo blow during the day time.

2. Why do we experience regional differences in the climate of India? Explain with examples. [V. Imp.]
Answer:
We experience regional differences in the climate of India due to these factors— location of a place, altitude, distance from the sea and relief. For examples, Jaisalmer and Bikaner in the desert of Rajasthan are very hot while Drass and Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir are very cold. Coastal places like Mumbai and Kolkata experience moderate climate. It means these places are neither very hot nor very cold. Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the world’s highest rainfall, while Jaisalmer receives least rainfall.

3. Mention the periods of various seasons of India.[Imp.]
Answer:

• Cold weather season, i.e. winter remains from December to February.
• Hot weather season, summer ranges from March to May.
• Southwest monsoon season, i.e. the rainy season remains from June to September.
• Season of retreating monsoon, Le. autumn occurs in the month of October and lasts upto the month of November.

4. Mention the main features of thorny bushes.
Answer:

1. Thorny bushes are found in dry areas of the country.
2. The leaves are in the form of spines to reduce the loss of water.
3. Cactus, khair, babool, keekar are important thorny bushes.
4. They are found in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

5. Write a note on mountain vegetation.
Answer:
Mountains are homes of various species of trees. They are found according to the variation in height. With an increase in height, the temperature falls. At a height between 1500 metres and 2500 metres most of the trees are conical in shape. Such trees are called coniferous trees. Mountain vegetation includes trees such as chir, pine and deodar.

6. How are forests important for us? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Forests play a vital role in the life of human beings and in their absence, we can’t imagine a life. Plants release oxygen that we breathe and absorb carbon dioxide. The roots of the plants bind the soil and in this way check soil erosion. We get several things from the forests, such as wood for furniture, fuel, fodder, medicinal herbs, honey, lac, gum, fruits etc. Forests provide natural habitat to wildlife, such as lions, tigers, elephants, monkeys, etc. As forests are so beneficial for us, we must make efforts to conserve it.

7. What should we do to conserve wildlife? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
We must not involve in the hunting and poaching of wild animals. We can refuse to buy things made from parts of the bodies of animals such as their bones, horns, fur, skins, and feathers. It will be an effective way to conserve wildlife. We should participate in the wildlife week which falls in the first week of October and try to create awareness of conserving the habitats of the animal kingdom.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Long Answer Type Questions

1. Explain different types of seasons found in India
Answer:
Four major seasons are found in India:
(i) Cold Weather Season (Winter). This season occurs in the month of December and lasts upto the month of February. During this season temperature remains cold in northern India because the sun rays do not fall directly in the region.            ,

(ii) Hot weather season (Summer). This season starts in the month of March and ends in the month of May. During this season temperature becomes very hot because the sun rays fall directly in the region. Hot and dry winds called loo blow during the day time.

(iii) Southwest monsoon season (Rainy season). This season is marked by the advent and advance of the monsoon. The winds blow from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers it begins raining.

(iv) Season of retreating monsoon (Autumn). This is the season of retreating monsoons. During this season winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal. The southern parts of India receive rainfall in this season.

2. Mention different types of vegetation found in India.  [V. Imp.)
Answer:
Five different types of vegetation are found in India:
(i) Tropical rain forests. These forests are found in the areas which receive heavy rainfall. They are very dense and sunlight never reach the ground. The trees of these forests shed their leaves at different times of the year. Therefore, they always appear green are called evergreen forests. Important trees of these forests are mahogany, ebony, and rosewood. They are found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of North-Eastern states, and a narrow strip of the western slope of the Western Ghats.

(ii) Tropical deciduous forests. These forests are also known as monsoon forests and are found in a large part of the country. They are less dense. They shed their leaves at a particular time of the year. Sal, teak, neem, peepal and shisha are important trees found in these forests. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, etc. are home of these forests.

(iii) Thorny bushes. They are found in the dry areas. Cactus, khair, babool, and Keekar are important thorny bushes. They are found in Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, etc.

(iv) Mountain Vegetation. A variety of trees are found in the mountains. They are conical in shape. Hence trees are called conical trees. Chir, pine, and deodar are important trees of these forests.

(v) Mangrove Forests. These forests grow in saline water. They are found in Sundarbans in West Bengal and in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Sundari is a well-known species of trees in mangrove-forests.

3. Describe the wildlife of India [V. Imp.]
Answer:  Forests are home to wildlife, which include several species of animals and a variety of reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, insects, and worms.

The tiger, our national animal, is found ip various parts of the country. Gir forest in Gujarat is the home of Asiatic lions. Elephants and one-homed rhinoceroses are found in the forests of Assam. Elephants are found in Kerala and Karnataka. Camels and wild asses are found in the Great Indian desert and the Rann of Kuchchh respectively. Wild goats, snow leopards, bears, etc. are found in the Himalayan region. Besides these, monkeys, wolf, jackal, nilgai, cheetah, etc. are other animals found in our country.

Our country is rich in birdlife too. Peacock is our national bird. Other common birds are parrots, pigeons, mynah, geese, bulbul, and ducks. Several bird sanctuaries have been established to protect different species of birds.,
There are hundreds of species of snakes found in India. Cobras and Kraits are important among them.

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane?
(b) Define rotation and revolution.
(c) What is a leap year?
(d) Differentiate between the summer solstice and winter solstice.
(e) What is an equinox?
(f) Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience winter and summer solstice in different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere?
(g) Why do the poles experience about six months’ day and six months’ night?
Answers:
(a) The angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane is 66 1/2.

(b) The movement of the earth on its axis is known as rotation.
‘ Revolution. The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is known as revolution.

(c) The year in which February is of 29 days instead of 28 days is called a leap year. Thus a leap year is of 366 days instead of 365 days.

(d) Difference between the summer solstice and winter solstice

(e) Equinox is the position of the Earth on 21st March and 23rd September. Both the hemispheres experience equal days and nights.

• On 21st March in the Northern hemisphere, this position is the spring equinox. Autumn equinox is in the Southern hemisphere.
• In the Northern hemisphere on 23rd September the position of the Earth is Autumn equinox and in the Southern hemisphere, it is the Spring equinox.

(f) The Southern hemisphere experiences winter and summer solstice in different times than, that of the Northern hemisphere because of the following reasons:

• The southern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun on 22nd December, hence summer solstice is there in the Southern hemisphere. At that time winter solstice is in the Northern hemisphere when it is away from the Sun.
• On the contrary, on 21 June the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun.
  Hence summer solstice is in the Northern hemisphere and winter solstice is in the Southern hemisphere.

(g) The poles experience six months’ day and six months’ night because of the following reasons:

• When the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, the North Pole remains in the light for the whole of the day (24 hours). This position remains for six months (from 21st March to 23rd September).
• On the contrary in the Southern hemisphere, the South Pole does not get light during these six months. Hence it experiences night for six months (from 23rd September to 21st March).
• When the Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, the South Pole remains in light for 24 hours for six months from 23rd September to 21st March. The reverse is the conditions at the North Pole-six months’ night.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The movement of the earth around the sun is known as
(i) Rotation (ii) Revolution (iii) Inclination.

(b) Direct rays of the sun fall on the equator on
(i) 21 March (ii) 21 June (iii) 22 December.

(c) Christmas is celebrated in summer in
(i) Japan   (ii)India   (iii)Australia

(d) The cycle of the seasons is caused due to
(i) Rotation   (ii)Revolution  (iii)Gravitation

Answers:  (a)—(ii), (b)—(i), (c)—(iii), (d)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. A leap year has ………… a number of days.
2. The daily motion of the earth is ……… ……
3. The earth travels around the sun in…………….
4. The sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of…………….. on 21st June.
5. Days are shorter during …………

Answer:

1. 366
2. rotation
3. elliptical
4. cancer
5. winter

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences given below:

(i) The axis of the earth is a/an……………..
(a) imaginary line                              (b) straight line
(c) curved line                                   (d) real line.

(ii) The earth receives light from the ……………
(a) Moon                                          (b) Stars
(c) Meteors                                        (d) Sun.

(iii) The time taken by the earth to complete one rotation around its axis is…………………
(a) 24 hours                                        (b) 12 hours
(c) 36 hours                                       (d) 18 hours.

(iv) The earth completes one revolution in ……………
(a) 366 days                                        (b) 370 days
(c) 365 1/4 days                                (d) 366 1/4 days.

(v) It is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere on ………………………….
(a) 23rd September                          (b) 21st March
(c) 22nd December                          (d) 21st June.

Answer: (i)—(a), (ii)—(d), (iii)—(a), (iv)—(c), (v)—(b).

II. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Days and nights occur due to ……………  of the earth.
2. Only half of the earth gets light from the sun at a time due to its……………. shape.
3. The period of rotation is known as the ……………..
4. The sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of…………….. on 22nd December.
5. On …………  it is autumn season in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer:

1. rotation
2. spherical
3. earth day
4. Capricorn
5. 23rd September.

III. True/False
Stale whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The axis of the earth makes an angle of 23V& with its orbital plane.
2. Every five years, February is of 29 days instead of 28 days.
3. Season changes due to the change in the position of the earth around the sun.
4. When there is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is spring in the Southern Hemisphere.
5. Life is not possible in extreme conditions.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True.

IV. Matching Skill

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Motions of the Earth Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Define the circle of illumination.
Answer: The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is known as the circle of illumination.

2. Which motion of the earth is associated with the changes in season?
Answer: Revolution.

3. Why do seasons change? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Seasons change due to the change in the position of the earth around the sun.

4. Why do the areas near the poles receive less heat?
Answer: It is because the rays of the sun are slanting on the poles.

5. When do the longest day and the shortest night occur in the Northern Hemisphere?
Answer: On 21st June.

6. In which Hemisphere does Australia lie?
Answer: Australia lies in the Southern Hemisphere.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions Short Answer Type Questions

1. What would happen if the earth did not rotate? Imp.]
Answer: In such a condition the portion of the earth facing the sun would always experience day, and thus there would be continuous warmth in the region. At the same time, the other half would always remain dark and be freezing cold all the time. These are extreme conditions which are not suitable for life. Thus, we can say that if the earth did not rotate life would not have been possible.

2. How does leap year occur?      [V. Imp.]
Answer: The earth takes 36514 days Le. one year to complete one revolution around the sun. We consider a year as consisting of 365 days only and ignore six hours for our convenience. Six hours saved every year are added to make one day Le. 24 hours over a span of four years. This surplus day is added to the month of February. Thus every fourth year, February of 29 days instead of 28 days. Such a year with 366 days is called a leap year.

3. Explain the following with a diagram:
(a) Summer solstice                              (b) Winter solstice        (c) Equinox.

Answer: (a) Summer solstice. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun on 21st June. As the rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer, these areas receive more heat. But the size of the area to the poles receives less heat due to the slanting rays of the sun. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience continuous daylight for about six months.

Since a large area of the Northern Hemisphere is getting light from the sun, it is summer in the regions north of the equator. The longest day and the shortest night at these places occur on 21st June. These conditions are reversed in the Southern Hemisphere at this time. It is winter season there having longer nights and shorter days. This position of the earth is known as the summer solstice.

(b) Winter solstice. On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the sun as the South Pole tilts towards it. As the sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn, a larger portion of the Southern Hemisphere gets light. Hence, the Southern Hemisphere enjoys summer having longer days and shorter nights. This position of the earth is called the winter solstice.

(c) On 21st March and 23rd September direct rays of the sun fall on the equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun. As a result, the entire earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This phenomenon is known as an equinox.

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government

1. How would Maya’s life be different in South Africa today?

Ans: Maya’s life would be different in South Africa today in the following manner:

• She can use roads, buses, and railway trains as others do without any discrimination.
• She can attend hotels and restaurants.
• She can use hospitals and ambulances as others do.
• She can walk in the parks freely.
• She has no fear of police.

2.What are the various ways in which people participate in the process of government?

Ans: People participate in the process of government through the following various ways:

• By taking interest in the working of the government.
• By criticising the government on various unpopular issues.
• By taking out rallies.
• By holding signature campaigns.
• By opposing various unpopular resolutions, bills, and issues in state legislatures and parliament through their representatives.

3. Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to any disputes or conflicts?
Ans:  We need the government to find solutions to many disputes and conflicts because of the following:

• Disputes and conflicts block the way to progress.
• They often turn violent and cause damage to the property and life of the people.
• Government has to compensate people who are killed, wounded or whose properties are destroyed in violent incidents.
• Crores of rupees are spent on committees and commissions.
• The attention of the government is diverted towards welfare measures.

4. What actions do the government take to ensure that all people are treated equally?
Ans: The government ensures that the constitutional provisions are implied in the country. It makes laws and enforces them to abolish all sorts of discrimination. It makes provisions to provide equal facilities to all classes of people, promotion of education among girls, and economically backward. These are some of the actions that the government takes to ensure equality among people.

5. Read through the chapter and discuss some of the key ideas of a democratic government. Make a list. For example, all people are equal
Ans:

• Equality and justice.
• Ban on untouchability.
• No discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, and sex.
• Boys and girls are equal.
• No discrimination against anyone.

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) Hector and his classmates wanted to learn their own language. What was their language?
(a) Afrikaans
(b)  Zulu
(c) English
(d) Malayalam.

(ii) The leader of the African National Congress was …………………
(a) Nelson Mandela
(b) Vinni Mandela
(c) Yasar Arafat
(d) Kofi Annan.

(iii) In India, the government is elected for the period of……………………
(a) Two years
(b) Three years
(c) Five years
(d)   Six years.

(iv) The two states involved in the Cauvery water dispute are …………………….
(a) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
(b) Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
(c) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(d) Orissa and Kolkata.

(v) South Africa became a democratic country in the year………………….
(a) 1950
(b) 1970
c) 1984
(d) 1994

Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (a), (iii) – (c), (iv) – (a), (v) – (d).

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. In South Africa, there live black people, ……………..  and Indians.
2. Blacks and coloured people were not considered to be ……………….. to whites.
3. The African National Congress-led the struggle against …………………..
4. Through ……….  in elections, people elect leaders to represent them.
5. Religious processions and celebrations can sometimes lead to ……………………..

Answer:

1. whites
2. equal
3. apartheid
4. voting
5. conflicts

III.TRUE/FALSE

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Non-whites could vote in South Africa before 1994.
2. It was the effort of Nelson Mandela that made South Africa a democratic country.
3. Conflicts and differences are resolved by the laws laid by our Constitution
4. The apartheid system in South Africa was abolished in the year 1990.
5. In our society boys and girls are valued equally.

Answer:

1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F

IV. MATCHING SKILL

Match the items given in column A correctly with those given in column B correctly.

Column A                                                  Column B
(i)Untouchability                                         (a) Through  voting
(ii) Equality and justice                              (b) Black
(iii) Afrikaans                                               (c) Dr. B.R.   Ambedkar
(iv) Hector Ndlovu                                     (d)Q Whites
(v) People elect leaders to represent them                       (e) Key elements of democracy

Ans. (i)-(c), (ii)—(e), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(b), (v)-(a).

II.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Name the various races that live in South Africa
Ans: Various races that live in South Africa Eire :

• Black people who belong to South Africa
• Whites who came there to settle
• Indians who came as labourers and traders.

2. What do you mean by apartheid? [V. Imp.]
Ans: Apartheid means separation on people on the basis of race are known as apartheid laws.

3. Name one black township.
Ans: South Western Township (Soweto).

4. Who was Hector? What did he want?.
Ans: Hector was a non-white. He wanted to learn his own language Zulu.

5. Name the party that fought against the system of apartheid. [V. Imp.]
Ans: The African National Congress.

6. Who is responsible for helping to resolve conflicts or differences?
Ans: The government is responsible for helping to resolve conflicts or differences.

Q.7. What is the role of police when there is a chance of violence?
Ans: The police try their best to ensure that violence does not take place.

Q.8. How did Dr. Ambedkar and many others like his view equality and justice?
Ans: They thought that justice can only be achieved when people are treated equally.

Q. 9. How does our society view boys and girls?  [V. Imp.]
Ans: In our society, there is a general tendency to value and care for the boy children more than the girl children. Thus, society does not keep boys and girls at the same level.

Q.10. What does the government do to promote justice among the girls? [Imp.]
Ans.: The government provides special provisions to promote justice among the girls. It may lower the school fees for girls.

III. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What are apartheid laws? [V. Imp.]
Ans. South Africa was earlier governed by apartheid laws. South African people were divided into white, black, Indian and coloured races. According to apartheid laws, these races were not allowed to mingle with each other, to live near each other or even to use common facilities.

2. What happened to Hector and his classmates? Why did it happen?
Ans: Hector and his classmates, because they were non-whites luring in one black township named Soweto, were being forced to learn the language of whites i.e. Afrikaans. But they wanted to learn their own language, zulu and joined the protest against learning the Afrikaans language in school. The South African police beat up the protestors ruthlessly and shot at the crowd. One of their bullets killed Hector.

3. Write a short note on ‘The African National Congress’. [Imp.]
Ans: The African National Congress, a group of people who led the struggle against the system of apartheid. Dr. Nelson Mandela was their leader. The struggle got intensified under his leadership. He fought the apartheid system for several years. Finally, the system was abolished in 1994 and South Africa became a democratic country in which people of all races were considered equal.

4. How does the power of the government got limited?
Ans: The power of the government gets limited by regular elections. Elections are usually held once in five years. Once elected, governments can stay in power only for that period. If they want to continue to be in power then they have to re-elected by the people. This is a moment when people can sense their power in a democracy.

5. When do conflicts occur? What happens afterward? [V. Imp.]
Ans: Conflicts occur when people of different cultures, religions, regions or economic background do not get along with each other, or when some among them feel they are being discriminated against. This leads to fear and tension among others living in an area.

IV.LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. One of the ways of participating is to take interest in the working of the government and to criticise it when required. Explain with an example.
Ans. It is one of the important ways of participation. We can prove it through an example. In August 2005, when a particular government increased the money people had to pay for electricity, people expressed their disapproval very sharply. They took rallies and also organised a signature campaign. The government tried to explain and defend its decision but finally listened to the people’s opinion and withdrew the increase. The government had to change its decision because it is responsible to the people.

2. How do rivers become a source of conflict between states? [V. Imp.]
Ans. Rivers can also become a source of conflict between states. A river may begin in one state, Flow-through another, and end in a third. The sharing of river water between different states that the river goes through is becoming an issue of conflict. We can cite an example of the Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The water stored In the Krishnasagar dam in Karnataka is used for irrigating a number of districts and for meeting the needs of the city of Bangalore. The water stored in Methur dam in Tamil Nadu is used for crops grown in the delta region of that state.

A conflict arises because both dams Eire on the same river. The downstream dam in Tamil Nadu can only be filled up if water is released from the upstream one located in Karnataka. Therefore, both states can’t get as much water as they need for people in their states. This leads to conflict. Now, it is the job of the central government to step in and see that a fair distribution is worked out for both states.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Rural Administration

1. What is the work of the police?
Ans: Work of the Police:

• To maintain law and order in its area.
• To register cases of thefts, accidents, injuries, fights etc.
• To inquire, investigate, and take action on the cases within its area.

 2. List two things that the work of a Patwari includes.
Ans:

• Patwari measures land and keeps land records.
• He organises the collection of land revenue from the farmers and provides information to the government about the crops grown in the area.

3. What is the work of a Tehsildar?
Ans: Work of a Tehsildar:

• To supervise the work of Patwaris.
• To settle disputes regarding land.
• To get revenue collected.

4. What issue is the poem trying to raise? Do you think this is an important issue? Why?
Ans: The poem raises the issue of rights for a girl child. A girl should be treated equally in society. She should be given the same right as a male child is given. Inheritance in the paternal properties should be equally divided among all the members without any consideration of boy or girl. Dowry is not compensated to a girl child. It should be abolished. This poem raises a very justified issue.

 5. ‘In what ways are the work of the Panchayat, that you read about in the previous chapter, and the work of the Patwari related to each other?
Ans: Panchayat provides for facilities in the village, Patwari arranges for money to get the facilities worked out/executed.

6. Visit a police station and find out the work that the police have to do to prevent crime and maintain law and order in their area especially during festivals, public meetings etc.
Ans: During festivals, public meetings, etc. the police become more active in order to control crime and maintain law and order. CC TV cameras are installed in the area at different places to keep watch on the activities of the people. To control the mob they barricade the area. Police personnels are deployed. Some information booths are also installed. Proper lighting is also made.

7. Who is in charge of all the police stations in a district? Find out
Ans: Senior Superintendent of Police or Deputy Commissioner of Police (In Delhi and Mumbai) is the in-charge of all Police stations in a district.

8. How do women benefit under the new law? ,
Ans: Under the new lawsons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. This law will benefit a large number of women. Now, if ever has a problem women can always depend upon their share of land or property.

9. In your neighbourhood are there women who own property? How did they acquire it?
Ans: Yes, in our neighbourhood there are several women who own property.

• Some of them have purchased property themselves.
• Some got the property registered in their name by their husbands/inlaws.
• Some have got the property inherited from their father.

More Resources – NCERT Solutions Class 6:

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Social
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 English
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Sanskrit
• RD Sharma Class 6 Solutions

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration Multiple Choice Questions 

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) Kanungo is the other name of…………
(a) Tehsildar
(b) Patwari
(c) Talukdar
(d) Landowner

(ii) The person-in-charge of the police station is known as …………..
(a) Stationmaster
(b) Superintendent of Police
(c) Station House Officer
(d) None of the above.

(iii) A heated argument began between Raghu and Mohan because …………….
(a) Raghu had taken over some of Mohan’s land
(b) Mohan had taken over Raghu’s land
(c) Mohan had taken a loan from Raghu and denied to return it
(d) All the above.

(iv) The sub-divisions of a district are known by different names such as ……………
(a) Tehsil
(b) Taluka
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above.

(v) A daughter wants only………..
(a) Dowry
(b) A place of her own
(c) High education
(d) Both (a) and (b).

Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (c), (iii) – (a), (iv) – (c), (v) – (b).

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration  Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. The Patwari maintains and ……… the records of the village.
2. Raghu’s uncle was the ……… of the village.
3. It is the duty of the Station House Officer to write down the ……………..  and then investigate them.
4. For managing matters relating to land, districts are subdivided into ……………..
5. Tehsildars, also known as …………..  work under the District Collector.

Answer:

1. updates
2. Sarpanch
3. complaints
4. sub-divisions
5. Revenue Officers.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – True/False

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 gave equal rights to daughters.
2. Mohan went to the village Sarpanch to make complaints about Raghu.
3. It is the duty of the District Collector to supervise the work of the Patwaris.
4. The Station House Officer was not in the mood to hear Mohan.
5. The revenue officer organises the collection of land revenue from the farmers.

Answer:

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Matching Skills

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Column A                                                Column B
(i)Patwari                                      (a) Collect revenue
(ii)Tehsildars                                 (b) Responsible for a group of villages
(iii)Mohan                                         (c) Sons, daughters and their mothers
have an equal share in land
(iv) Hindu Succession Act, 2005             (d) An influential person in the village
(v) Raghu                                                                (e) A small farmer

Ans. (i)—(b), (ii)—(a), (iii)—(e), (iv)—(c), (v)—(d).

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration Very Short Answer Type Questions

 1. What is called bund?
Ans: The boundary that separates one land from another is called ‘bund’,

2. What did Mohan notice one morning?
Ans: One morning Mohan noticed that Raghu had shifted the bund by a few feet.

3. How can you say that Raghu was an influential person in the village?
Ans: Raghu’s family-owned in many fields. His uncle was also the Sarpanch of the village.

 4. Where can one register the case?                         [V. Imp.]
Ans: One can register a case in the police station which comes under his/her area or locality.

5. Why do you think the Station House Officer (SHO) did not want to entertain Mohan?
Ans: It was because Mohan was not an influential person but a small farmer.

 6. What are the different names of the Patwari?
Ans:Lekhpal, Kanungo, Karamchari, Village Officer.

7. Mention one responsibility of the Tehsildar? [Imp.]
Ans. He supervises the work of the Patwaris and ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the work of the revenue department of the government? {V. Imp.]
Ans: The revenue department of the government supervises the work of the Patwari. It ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected. It also ensures that farmers can easily obtain a copy of their land records. It is the revenue department that makes the students obtain their caste certificates. It also resolves revenue disputes.

2. What would have the Patwari done to resolve the dispute between Mohan and Raghu?
Ans: The Patwari would have measured both Mohan’s and Raghu’s fields and compared them with the measurements on the map. If they did not match then it would be clear that the boundary of the fields has been changed.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Long Answer Type Questions

1. Enumerate various works of a Patwari. [V. Imp.]
Ans: A Patwari does various types of works:

• He measures land keeps land records.
• He is responsible for a group of villages.
• He maintains and updates the records of the village.
• He is responsible for organising the collection of land revenue from the farmers and providing information to the government about the crops grown in the area.

 2. Write a brief note on the ‘Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005’. [V. Imp.]
Ans:  Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 brought females on the same level as males. Till recently, prior to the new law Hindu women did not get a share in the family’s agricultural land. After the death of the father his property was divided equally only among his sons. But now the situation has been changed. In the new lawsons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. The same law will apply to all states and union territories of the country. The new law will benefit a large number of women. Now they can enjoy their independent status with equal rights.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma