CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Hindi A 2019 Outside Delhi

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Hindi A 2019 Outside Delhi

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Hindi A 2019 Outside Delhi Set – I

निर्धारित समय : 3 घण्टे
अधिकतम अंक : 80

सामान्य निर्देश :

  • इस श्वश्न-पत्र में चार खंड हैं – क, ख, ग और घ।
  • चारों खंडों के श्रश्नों के उक्कर देना अनिवार्य है।
  • यथासंभव श्वत्येक खंड के उक्कार मश: दीजिए।

खण्ड ‘क’

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
दार्शनिक अरस्तू ने कहा है-“प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को उचित समय पर, उचित व्यक्ति से, उचित मात्रा में, उचित उद्देश्य के लिए, उचित ढंग से व्यवहार करना चाहिए।” वास्तव में प्रत्येक प्राणी का संबंध एक-एक क्षण से रहता है, किन्तु व्यक्ति उसका महत्त्व नहीं समझता। अधिकतर व्यक्ति सोचते हैं कि कोई अच्छा समय आएगा तो काम करेंगे। इस, दुविधा और उधेड़बुन में वे जीवन के अनेक अमूल्य क्षणों को खो देते हैं। किसी व्यक्ति को बिना हाथ-पाँव हिलाए संसार की बहुत बड़ी सम्पत्ति छप्पर फाड़कर कभी नहीं मिलती। समय उन्हीं के रथ के घोड़ों को हाँकता है, जो भाग्य के भरोसे बैठना पौरुष का अपमान समझते हैं। जो व्यक्ति श्रम और समय का पारखी होता है, लक्ष्मी भी उसी का वरण करती है। समय की कीमत न पहचानने वाले समय बीत जाने पर सिर धुनते रह जाते हैं। समय निरंतर गतिमान है। इसलिए हमें समय का मूल्य समझना चाहिए। साथ ही समयानुसार काम भी करना चाहिए। सफल जीवन की यही कुंजी है।
(क) जीवन के अमूल्य क्षणों को किस प्रकार के व्यक्ति खो देते हैं? [2]
(ख) भाग्य के भरोसे बैठना पौरुष का अपमान क्यों कहा गया है? [2]
(ग) दार्शनिक अरस्तू के कथन का आशय लिखिए। [2]
(घ) लक्ष्मी किसे प्राप्त होती है? [1]
(ङ) उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के लिए एक उपयुक्त शीर्षक लिखिए। [1]
उत्तर:
(क) जो व्यक्ति यह सोचते हैं कि जब अच्छा समय आएगा तब काम करेंगे, ऐसे अकर्मण्य आलसी लोग जीवन के अमूल्य क्षणों को खो देते हैं।
(ख) भाग्य के भरोसे बैठना पुरुष का अपमान इसलिए है कि बिना हाथ पाँव हिलाये दुनिया में कुछ भी प्राप्त करना असंभव है।
(ग) दार्शनिक अरस्तू ने कहा है-हर एक व्यक्ति के लिए उचित समय पर उचित मात्रा का ज्ञान होना आवश्यक है। तभी हम उचित व्यक्ति से उचित समय पर उचित व्यवहार कर सकते हैं।
(घ) जो व्यक्ति श्रम और समय का पारखी होता है उसी को लक्ष्मी प्राप्त होती है।
(ङ) समय की कीमत

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
बहुत घुटन है बंद घरों में, खुली हवा तो आने दो,
संशय की खिड़कियाँ खोल, किरनों को मुस्काने दो।
ऊँचे-ऊँचे भवन उठ रहे, पर आँगन का नाम नहीं,
चमक-दमक, आपा-धापी है, पर जीवन का नाम नहीं
लौट न जाए सूर्य द्वार से, नया संदेशा लाने दो।
हर माँ अपना राम जोहती, कटता क्यों वनवास नहीं
मेहनत की सीता भी भूखी, रुकता क्यों उपवास नहीं।
बाबा की सूनी आँखों में चुभता तिमिर भागने दो।
हर उदास राखी गुहारती, भाई का वह प्यार कहाँ ?
डरे-डरे रिश्ते भी कहते, अपनों का संसार कहाँ ?
गुमसुम गलियों को मिलने दो, खुशबू तो बिखराने दो।
(क) ‘ऊँचे-ऊँचे भवन उठ रहे, पर आँगन का नाम नहीं-पंक्ति का आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए। [2]
(ख) सूर्य द्वार से ही क्यों लौट जाएगा? [2]
(ग) आज रिश्तों के डरे-डरे होने का कारण आप क्या मानते हैं? [1]
(घ) ‘तिमिर’ शब्द का अर्थ लिखिए। [1]
(ङ) कवि ने क्या संदेश दिया है? [1]
अथवा
मेरा माँझी मुझसे कहता रहता था
बिना बात तुम नहीं किसी से टकराना।
पर जो बार-बार बाधा बन के आएँ,
उनके सिर को वहीं कुचल कर बढ़ जाना।
जानबूझ कर जो मेरे पथ में आती हैं,
भवसागर की चलती-फिरती चट्टानें
मैं इनसे जितना ही बचकर चलता हूँ,
उतनी ही मिलती हैं, ये ग्रीवा ताने।
रख अपनी पतवार, कुदाली को लेकर
तब मैं इनका उन्नत भाल झुकाता हूँ।
राह बनाकर नाव चढ़ाए जाता हूँ,
जीवन की नैया का चतुर खिवैया मैं
भवसागर में नाव बढ़ाए जाता हूँ।
(क) राह में आने वाली बाधाओं के साथ कवि कैसा व्यवहार करता है? [2]
(ख) कवि ने हमें क्या प्रेरणा दी है? स्पष्ट कीजिए। [2]
(ग) कवि ने अपना माँझी किसे कहा है? [1]
(घ) “उन्नत भाल’ का क्या आशय है? [1]
(ङ) जीवन की नैया का चतुर खिवैया’ किसे कहा गया है?   [1]
उत्तर:
(क) कवि कह रहा है कि शहरों में गगनचुंबी इमारतें खड़ी हैं लेकिन आपस में प्रेम, स्नेह, सौहार्द की भावना नहीं है। ऊंची इमारतें हैं लेकिन आंगन बिना प्रेम और स्नेह के सूने हैं।
(ख) जीवन की चमक-दमक और आपाधापी देखकर कवि को लगता है कि सूर्य कह द्वार से ही न लौट जाए।
(ग) आज रिश्तों में प्यार और अपनापन नहीं रह गया है, यही, कारण कवि को रिश्तों के डरे-डरे होने का लगता है।
(घ) अंधकार।
(ङ) कवि ने संदेश दिया है कि आज हम ऊंचे-ऊंचे भवनों में रहकर प्यार, प्रेम, स्नेह और अपनापन खो बैठे हैं।
अथवा
(क) कवि बाधाओं का सिर कुचलकर आगे बढ़ जाता है।
(ख) कवि बाधाओं से न घबराने की प्रेरणा दे रहा है। कवि कहता है कि जितना ही हम बाधाओं से दूर भागते हैं ये हमारा पीछा करती हैं इसलिए निडर होकर हमें बाधाओं का सामना करना चाहिए।
(ग) स्वयं को।
(घ) बड़ी से बड़ी विघ्र बाधाएँ।
(ङ) कवि स्वयं को जीवन की नैया का चतुर खिवैया कहता

खण्ड ‘ख’

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं तीन का निर्देशानुसार उत्तर लिखिए : [1 × 3 = 3]
(क) मुझे अपनी पत्नी और पुत्र की मृत्यु के साथ ही फ़ादर के शब्दों से झरती शांति भी याद आ रही है। (संयुक्त वाक्य में बदलिए)
(ख) रात हुई और आकाश में तारों के असंख्य दीप जल उठे। (सरल वाक्य में बदलिए)
(ग) माँ ने कहा कि शाम को जल्दी घर आ जाना। (रेखांकित उपवाक्य का भेद लिखिए)
(घ) पान वाले के लिए यह मजेदार बात थी लेकिन हालदार साहब के लिए चकित कर देने वाली। (मिश्र वाक्य में बदलिए)
उत्तर:
(क) मुझे अपनी पत्नी और पुत्र की मृत्यु याद आ रही है। और साथ ही फादर के शब्दों से झरती शांति भी याद आ रही है।
(ख) रात होने पर आकाश में तारों के असंख्य दीप जल उठे।
(ग) माँ ने शाम को जल्दी घर आने के लिए कहा।
(घ) पान वाले के लिए जो बात मजेदार थी वह हालदार साहब के लिए चकित कर देने वाली थी।

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्ही चार वाक्यों का निर्देशानुसार वाच्य परिवर्तन कीजिए :    [1 x 4 = 4]
(क) हालदार साहब ने पान खाया। (कर्मवाच्य में बदलिए)
(ख) दादा जी प्रतिदिन पार्क में टहलते हैं। (भाववाच्य में बदलिए)
(ग) गाँधी जी द्वारा विश्व को सत्य और अहिंसा का संदेश दिया गया। (कर्तृवाच्य में बदलिए)
(घ) पान कहीं आगे खा लेंगे। (कर्मवाच्य में बदलिए)
(ङ) खिलाड़ी दौड़ नहीं सका। (भाववाच्य में बदलिए)
उत्तर:
(क) हालदार साहब के द्वारा पान खाया गया।
(ख) दादा जी से प्रतिदिन पार्क में टहला जाता है।
(ग) गांधी जी ने विश्व को सत्य और अहिंसा का सन्देश दिया।
(घ) पान कहीं आगे से खा लेंगे।
(ङ) खिलाड़ी से दौड़ा नहीं गया।

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में से किन्हीं चार रेखांकित पदों का पद-परिचय लिखिए : [1 × 4 = 4]
(क) सुरभि विद्यालय से अभी-अभी आई है।
(ख) उसने मेरी बातें ध्यानपूर्वक सुनी।
(ग) शाबाश! तुमने बहुत अच्छा काम किया।
(घ) वहाँ दस छात्र बैठे हैं।
(ङ) परिश्रम के बिना सफलता नहीं मिलती।
उत्तर:
(क) संज्ञा, जातिवाचक, एकवचन, पुल्लिंग, अपादान कारक।
(ख) रीतिवाचक, क्रियाविशेषण, अव्यय।
(ग) सर्वनाम, मध्यमपुरुष वाचक, एकवचन।
(घ) विशेषण, निश्चित संख्यावाचक।
(ङ) सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय|

प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिएः [1 × 4 = 4]
(क) ‘भयानक रस’ का एक उदाहरण लिखिए।
(ख) निम्नलिखित काव्य-पंक्तियों में रस पहचान कर लिखिएः
तनकर भाला यूँ बोल उठा
राणा ! मुझको विश्राम न दे।
मुझको वैरी से हृदय-क्षोभ
तू तनिक मुझे आराम न दे।
(ग) “जुगुप्सा’ किस रस का स्थायी भाव है?
(घ) ‘शांत’ रस का स्थायी भाव क्या है?
(ङ) किस रस को ‘रसराज’ भी कहा जाता है?
उत्तर:
(क) एक और अजगरहि लर्वी एक और मृगराय। विकल बटोही बीच ही परयो मूर्छा खाए।
(ख) वीर रस।
(ग) वीभत्स रस।
(घ) निर्वेद
(ङ) श्रृंगार।

खण्ड ‘ग’

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिएः
पिता के ठीक विपरीत थीं हमारी बेपढ़ी-लिखी माँ। धरती से कुछ ज्यादा ही धैर्य और सहनशक्ति थी शायद उनमें । पिता जी की हर ज्यादती को अपना प्राप्य और बच्चों की हर उचित-अनुचित फरमाइश और जिद को अपना फर्ज समझकर बड़े सहज भाव से स्वीकार करती थीं वे। उन्होंने जिंदगी भर अपने लिए कुछ माँगा नहीं, चाहा नहीं केवल दिया ही दिया। हम भाई-बहिनों का सारा लगाव (शायद सहानुभूति से उपजा) माँ के साथ था लेकिन निहायत असहाय मजबूरी में लिपटा उनका यह त्याग कभी मेरा आदर्श नहीं बन सका न उनको त्याग, न उनकी सहिष्णुता
(क) माँ की उपमा धरनती से क्यों की गई है? [2]
(ख) लेखिका को माँ का कौन-सा रूप अच्छा नहीं लगता था? क्यों? [2]
(ग) लेखिका और उसके भाई-बहिनों की सहानुभूति किसके साथ थी?
उत्तर:
(क) लेखिका मन्नू भंडारी की माँ के अंदर धरती से भी अधिक धैर्य और सहनशक्ति थी। पिताजी की हर ज्यादती को अपना प्राप्य समझती थी और बच्चों की हर अनुचित फरमाइश और जिद को अपना फर्ज समझकर बड़े सहज भाव से स्वीकार करती थी। इसलिए उनकी उपमा धरती से की गयी है।
(ख) लेखिका को अपनी माँ का निहायत मजबूरी में लिप्त त्याग हौर सहनशक्ति वाला रूप अच्छा नहीं लगता था। क्योंकि लेखिका स्वच्छंद विचारों की और आजाद ख्यालों की थी। हर व्यक्ति को अपने जीवन को अपने तरीके से जीने की कला में वह विश्वास रखती थी।
(ग) लेखिका और भाई बहनों की सहानुभूति अपनी माँ के साथ थी।

प्रश्न 8.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्ही चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए : [2 × 4 = 8]
(क) बालगोबिन भगत के व्यक्तित्व की दो विशेषताएँ लिखिए।
(ख) मन्नू भंड़ारी और उनके पिता के बीच मतभेद के दो कारण लिखिए।
(ग) कैप्टन कौन था ? वह मूर्ति के चश्मे को बार-बार क्यों बदल दिया करता था ?
(घ) फादर बुल्के को हिन्दी के बारे में क्या चिंता थी?
(ङ) खीरा काटने में नवाब साहब की विशेषज्ञता का चित्रण अपने शब्दों में कीजिए।
उत्तर:
(क) बालगोबिन भगत गृहस्थ होकर भी साधु का प्रतिनिधित्व करते थे। सामाजिक रूढ़वादिता में विश्वास नहीं रखते थे। वे कबीर को अपना साहब मानते थे और जो कुछ भी खेत में उपजता उसको सबसे पहले कबीर के मठ में रख देते थे।

(ख) मन्नू भंडारी के पिता चाहते थे कि वह घर में होने वाले राजनीतिक पार्टियों के लोगों के विचार सुने जाने और समझे कि देश में क्या कुछ हो रहा है, यही पिताजी के द्वारा दी गयी आजादी की सीमा थी, लेकिन मन्नू की आजादी की सीमा चारदीवारी से बाहर निकल कर आजादी के आंदोलन में भाग लेना था। इसी कारण अपने पिता के साथ मन्नू की वैचारिक टकराहट थी। क्योंकि दोनों के विचारों में विपरीत सोच थी। दूसरा मन्नू स्वच्छद ख्यालों वाली थी और पिता शक्की स्वभाव के थे।

(ग) कैप्टन चश्मे बेचने वाला दुबला पतला मरियल सा आदमी था। वह इतना बड़ा देशभक्त था कि रोज अपनी फेरी में से नया चश्मा नेताजी की बगैर चश्मे वाली मूर्ति पर लगा दिया करता था। उसकी देशभक्ति का मजाक उड़ाने के लिए लोग उसे कैप्टन कहकर पुकारते थे।

(घ) फादर बुल्के की चिंता हिंदी को राष्ट्रभाषा के रूप में देखने की थी। हिंदी वालों के द्वारा हिंदी की उपेक्षा पर उन्हें बहुत दु:ख होता था। हर मंच से वे अपनी यह तकलीफ बयान करते।

(ङ) नवाब साहब ने पहले खीरों को धोया पोंछा सुखाया और फिर तौलिये से साफ किया। तत्पश्रात खीरों को फांकों में काटा और नमक लगाकर लाल मिर्च की सुर्खा बुरक दी। इतने इत्मीनान से खीरों को सूंघकर बिना खाये ही रसास्वादन करके खिड़की से बाहर फेंक दिया।

प्रश्न 9.
निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
लखन कहा हँसि हमरे जाना। सुनहु देव सब धनुष समाना।।
का छति लाभु जून धनु तोरें । देखा राम नयन के भोरें ।।
छुअत टूट रघुपतिहू न दोसू। मुनि बिनु काज करिअ कत रोसू ।।
बोले चितै परसु की ओरा। रे सठ सुनेहि सुभाउ न मोरा ।।।
बालकु बोलि बधौं नहि तोही। केवल मुनि जड़ जानहि मोहि।
बाल ब्रह्मचारी अति कोही। बिस्वबिदित क्षत्रियकुल द्रोही।।
भुजबल भूमि भूप बिनु कीन्हीं। बिपुल बार महिदेवन्ह दीन्ही।
सहसबाहुभुज छेदनिहारा । परसु बिलोकु महीपकुमारा।।
(क) परशुराम के क्रुद्ध होने पर लक्ष्मण ने धनुष के टूट जाने के लिए कौन-कौन से तर्क दिए? [2]
(ख) प्रस्तुत काव्यांश के आधार पर लिखिए कि परशुराम ने अपने विषय में सभा में क्या-क्या कहा। [2]
(ग) परशुराम के बारे में कौन-सी बात विश्व प्रसिद्ध थी? [1]
उत्तर:
(क) परशुराम के क्रुद्ध होने पर लक्ष्मण ने कहा हे मुनि हमारी समझ में तो सारे धनुष एक समान होते हैं। श्रीरामचंद्र ने तो इसे नए के धोखे में हुआ था और छूते ही टूट गया। श्रीराम चंद्र जी का इसमें कोई दोष नहीं है। आप तो व्यर्थ में ही इतना क्रोध कर रहे हैं।

(ख) परशुराम अपनी प्रशंसा करते हुए सभा में बोले- मैं बाल ब्रह्मचारी और अत्यंत क्रोधी हूँ, सारा संसार मुझे क्षत्रिय कुल के विनाशक के रूप में जानता है। अपनी भुजाओं के बल से मैंने धरती को जीत लिया था और अनेक बार ब्राह्मणों को दान में दे दिया था।

(ग) परशुराम अत्यंत क्रोधी और पितृभक्त थे। पूरा संसार उन्हें क्षत्रिय कुल द्रोही के रूप में जानता था।

प्रश्न 10.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए : [2 x 4 = 8]
(क) सूरदास’ के पद के आधार पर लिखिए कि गोपियों ने किन उदाहरणों के माध्यम से उद्धव को उलाहने दिए हैं।
(ख) ‘उत्साह’ कविता में कवि बादल को गरजने के लिए क्यों कहता है? बादल से कवि की अन्य अपेक्षाएँ क्या हैं?
(ग) “छाया मत छूना’ कविता में ‘छाया’ शब्द का प्रयोग किस संदर्भ में हुआ है? स्पष्ट करते हुए बताइए कि कविता क्या संदेश देती है।
(घ) ‘फसल’ कविता में ‘हाथों के स्पर्श की गरिमा और महिमा’ कहकर कवि क्या व्यक्त करना चाहता है? अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
(ङ) ‘संगतकार’ किन-किन रूपों में मुख्य गायक की सहायता करता है? कविता के आधार पर उसकी विशेष भूमिका को भी स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर:
(क) गोपियों ने उद्धव से कहा हे उद्धव तुम तो कमल के पत्ते के समान हो जो जल में रहकर भी जल के प्रभाव में नहीं आता, तुम तेल के समान और कृष्ण जल के समान हैं जो तेल पर अपना प्रभाव नहीं छोड़ पाता। गोपियाँ स्वयं को चींटी और कृष्ण को गुड़ के समान बताती हैं। गोपियाँ कहती हैं जिस प्रकार हारिल पक्षी अपनी लकड़ी को पंजों में दबाकर रहता है ठीक उसी प्रकार हमने कृष्ण को मजबूती से पकड़ रखा है।

(ख) कवि निराला जी एक क्रांतिकारी कवि हैं। वे क्रांति के द्वारा परिवर्तन लाने की बात कहते हैं। कवि का मानना है कि किसी भी प्रकार के परिवर्तन के लिए कोमलता नहीं कठोरता की आवश्यकता होती है। इसलिए कवि बादलों को बरसने के स्थान पर गरजने का आह्वान कर रहे हैं।

(ग) छाया मत चूना कविता में छाया शब्द का प्रयोग अतीत की स्मृतियों के रूप में किया गया है। कवि अतीत को छाया के रूप में चित्रित कर रहा है। कविता यह सन्देश देती है कि यदि वर्तमान में हम अपने अतीत को याद करते हैं तो हमारा वर्तमान भी दु:खी हो जाता है। अतः हमे अतीत को भूलकर आने वाले भविष्य के लिए कार्य करना चाहिए।

(घ) फसल को ‘हाथों के स्पर्श की गरिमा’ और ‘महिमा’ कहकर कवि परिश्रमी किसानों को सलाम करना चाहता है। किसान तपती गर्मी, कड़कड़ाती तथा हाड़ कॅपकपाती ठण्ड तथा मूसलाधार वर्षा में भी दिन-रात परिश्रम करते हुए खून-पसीना एक करके फसल उगाने में लगा रहता है। उन्हीं के हाथों के स्पर्श के कारण फसलें खेतों में लहलहाती फलती-फूलती दिखाई देती हैं। कवि किसानों के प्रति अपनी आभार व्यक्त करना चाहती है।

(ङ) संगतकार मुख्य गायक को हमेशा बुलंदी पर पहुँचाने में मदद करता है। वह हमेशा मुख्य गायक के सुर में सुर मिलाकर उसको बुलँदी पर पहुँचाने में मुख्य भूमिका निभाता है। जिस प्रकार क्रिकेट के मैदान में सभी खिलाड़ी अपना प्रदर्शन करते हैं लेकिन श्रेय कैप्टन को जाता है। ठीक उसी प्रकार मुख्य गायक की सफलता के पीछे संगतकार का हाथ होता है।

प्रश्न 11.
‘माता का अंचल’ नामक पाठ में लेखक ने तत्कालीन समाज के पारिवारिक परिवेश का जो चित्रण किया है, उसे अपने शब्दों में लिखिए। [5]
अथवा
जॉर्ज पंचम की लाट पर किसी भी भारतीय नेता यहाँ तक की भारतीय बच्चे की नाक फिट न होने की बात से लेखक किस ओर संकेत करता है ? आप इस बारे में क्या सोचते हैं।
उत्तर:
माता का अंचल ग्रामीण संस्कृति पर आधारित लेखक के बचपन का संस्मरण है उस समय के सामाजिक परिवेश में बच्चों का बचपन बहुत ही स्वच्छंद और आनंदमय था। लेखक भोलानाथ ने उस समय का वर्णन किया है कि उनका अधिक समय पिता के साथ ही बीतता था माता से सिर्फ दूध पीने का नाता था। सारा दिन भोलानाथ अपने मित्रों के साथ खेल तमाशों में व्यस्त रहता। पिता भी उसकी हर गतिविधि में शामिल रहते। परन्तु जब संकट आया तो भोलानाथ माँ की शरण में जा छुपता क्योंकि हर बच्चे को लगता है कि संकट के समय माँ का अंचल ही उसके लिए सबसे सुरक्षित और महफूज जगह है।
अथवा
रानी एलिजाबेथ भारत दौरे पर आ रही थी तो यह कहानी उसी समय की है। रानी के आने की खबर सुनकर शाही तंत्र में हड़कंप मच गया की जॉर्ज पंचम की मूर्ति पर नाक गायब है। अब रानी आएगी और मूर्ति को देखेगी तो क्या सोचेगी। तुरंत ही मूर्तिकार को बुलाया गया और मूर्ति पर नाक लगाने का आदेश दे दिया गया। मूर्तिकार पूरे हिन्दुस्तान की सैर करके आया, हर पहाड़ पर गया परन्तु जॉर्ज पंचम की लाट जितनी नाप की नाक कहीं नहीं मिली। इस बात से यह सिद्ध होता है कि हमारी गुलामी की मानसिकता अभी तक गयी नहीं। अंग्रेजों और विदेशियों को खुश रखने के लिए हमारे शाही तंत्र के लोग अपने और अपनी जनता की नाक भी काटने से भी पीछे नहीं हटते।

खण्ड ‘घ’

प्रश्न 12.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं एक विषय पर दिए गए
संकेत-बिन्दुओं के आधार पर लगभग 200 से 250 शब्दों में निबन्ध लिखिए : [10]
(क) महानगरों में महिलाओं की सुरक्षा

  • जीवन शैली
  • कामकाजी महिलाओं की समस्या
  • सुरक्षा में कमियों के कारण व सुझाव

(ख) मित्र की परख संकट में ।

  • भले दिनों के मित्र
  • बुरे दिनों के मित्र
  • मित्र की परख

(ग) मेरी कल्पना का विद्यालय

  • विद्यालय में क्या है अनावश्यक
  • क्या-क्या है आवश्यक
  • विद्यालय और परिवेश

उत्तर:
(क) महानगरों में महिलाओं की सुरक्षा
हम सभी जानते हैं कि हमारा देश हिंदुस्तान पूरे विश्व में अपनी अलग रीति रिवाज तथा संस्कृति के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। भारत में प्राचीन काल से ही यह परंपरा रही है कि यहाँ महिलाओं को समाज में विशिष्ट आदर एवं सम्मान दिया जाता है। भारत वह देश है जहाँ महिलाओं की सुरक्षा और इज्जत का खास ख्याल रखा जाता है। भारतीय संस्कृति में महिलाओं को देवी लक्ष्मी का दर्जा दिया गया है। अगर हम इक्कीसर्वी सदी की बात करें तो महिलाएं हर कार्यक्षेत्र में पुरुषों के साथ कंधे से कंधा मिला काम कर रही हैं चाहे वो राजनीति, बैंक, विद्यालय, खेल, पुलिस, रक्षा क्षेत्र, खुद का कारोबार हो या आसमान में उड़ने की अभिलाषा हो।

हम यह तो नहीं कह सकते कि हमारे देश में महिला सुरक्षा को लेकर कोई मुद्दा नहीं है परन्तु हम कुछ सकारात्मक बिंदुओं को अनदेखा भी नहीं कर सकते।

एक महिला को अधिकार है कि वह अपनी मर्जी से जिंदगी जीये। वह जब चाहे तब अपनी मर्जी से कहीं भी कभी भी जा सकती है। लेकिन एक सवाल उसकी सुरक्षा की जिम्मेदारी कौन लेगा?

आज ऐसा जमाना है जब जगह-जगह इंसान की शक्ल में भेड़िये घूम रहे हैं। वह भेड़िया आपके साथ में बैठा ऑफिस का कर्मचारी हो सकता है, आपका बॉस हो सकता है, आपके साथ बस या मेट्रो में बैठा यात्री हो सकता है, आपका अपना कोई रिश्तेदार हो सकता है या फिर स्वयं आपका कोई अच्छा और विश्वासपात्र मित्र भी।

किस वक्त कौन सा भेड़िया हमला बोल दे, इसकी क्या गारंटी है। स्वयं एक महिला होने के नाते मुझे यह बात कहते हुए बहुत दु:ख होता है कि हमारा समाज सुरक्षित नहीं है। केवल समाज ही क्यों…. आज तो घर में भी महिलाएं सुरक्षित नहीं हैं। दिल्ली महिलाओं की सुरक्षा के लिहाज से देश का सबसे असुरक्षित शहर है एक नए सर्वेक्षण के अनुसार छुट्टियों में घूमने-फिरने या काम के लिए बाहर निकलने के लिहाज से दिल्ली को सबसे असुरक्षित महानगर माना गया है।

मुंबई को महिलाओं की सुरक्षा के लिहाज से (34 प्रतिशत) सबसे सुरक्षित बताया गया जबकि 12 प्रतिशत मतों के साथ अहमदाबाद एवं बैंगलुरु दूसरे स्थान पर हैं।

(ख) मित्र की परख संकट में
मित्र जीवन के लिए परमावश्यक है। बिना मित्र के हम मनुष्य जीवन की कल्पना भी नहीं कर सकते। सच्चा मित्र अर्थात जो विपत्ति में हमारा साथ दे ऐसा मित्र बहुत मुश्किल से मिल पाता है। सच्चा मित्र जीवन के लिए औषधि के समान है। सच्चा मित्र मुसीबत में सबसे पहले काम आता है। वह कठिनाई के दिनों में भी साथ नहीं छोड़ता है। रहीम दास जी ने कहा है,
”रहिमन विपदा हू भली जो थोड़े दिन होइ,
जगत में जानि पड़ते सब कोई।”

हित अनहित या वे कहते हैं कि थोड़े दिनों का कष्ट अच्छा है। क्योंकि उस समय हम अपने असली मित्र को पहचान सकते है।

ऐसा देखा जाता है कि सुख के समय जब व्यक्ति के पास धन, समाज में मनि, अच्छी नौकरी, सकुशल परिवार होता है तो उसके अनेक मित्र होते हैं। पर जैसे ही उसके पास नि का अभाव होता है या उसके बुरे दिन होते हैं, सभी मित्र जो सिर्फ नाम के मित्र थे उसे छोड़ देते हैं। जैसे जब तक तालाब में पानी रहता है अनेक मेढ़क उसके पास मँडराते रहते हैं और पानी सूखने पर तालाब को छोड़कर वो अन्य किसी जगह चले जाते हैं।

एक अच्छा मित्र सही सलाह देता है और हमें गलत रास्ते पर जाने से रोकता है। वह सुख-दु:ख का साथी होता है। सिर्फ सुख में साथ देने वाले व्यक्ति, असली मित्र नहीं होते हैं। सच्चा मित्र दु:ख में सहायता करता है। हम उस पर भरोसा कर सकते हैं। इसलिए मुसीबत में ही मित्र की परख होती है।

सच्चे मित्र आपके साथ बेवजह नाटकपन या बनावटीपन नहीं दिखाते अगर आपका मित्र आपकी व्यक्तिगत गोपनीय बातें दूसरे लोगों से साझा करता है, तो सच मानिए वह आपका सच्चा मित्र नहीं है उसे तुरंत छोड़ देने में ही आपकी भलाई है।

एक अच्छा दोस्त भावनात्मक रूप से बुद्धिमान होता है, वह आपको इसलिए नहीं ठुकरीता, क्योंकि लोग आपको अच्छा नहीं मानते या आपके बारे में आपके मित्रों को गलत राय देते हैं, बुरे समय में जब कोई आपके साथ नहीं होता, तब भी सच्चा मित्र आपका साथ नहीं छोड़ता। जीवन में एक अच्छे दोस्त का होना बहुत जरूरी है। एक ऐसा दोस्त जो हर मुश्किल में आपका साथ दे एक अच्छा दोस्त हमारे जीवन का अहम हिस्सा होता है। जिसकी जरूरत हमें उम्र के हर पड़ाव में होती है। दोस्ती का रिश्ता विश्वास पर टिका होता है। मित्र राजदार भी होते हैं और सुख-दुख के साथी भी। अत: सच्चा मित्र जीवन के लिए परमावश्यक है।

(ग) मेरी कल्पना का विद्यालय
घर के बाद विद्यालय हर व्यक्ति के जीवन में एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। विद्यालय एक ऐसा स्थान है, जहाँ लोग बहुत कुछ सीखते हैं और पढ़ते हैं। इसे ज्ञान का मंदिर कहा जाता है। अपने विद्यालय या पाठशाला में हम सब जीवन का सबसे अधिक समय व्यतीत करते हैं। जिसमें हम कई विषयों में शिक्षा प्राप्त करते हैं।

स्कूल में हमारे अध्यापक गण अपना ज्ञान हमें प्रदान कर सफलता प्राप्त करने का रास्ता दिखाते हैं। विद्यालय का उदेश्य होता है कि विद्यार्थियों को उत्तम शिक्षा मिले। मेरी कल्पना का विद्यालय ऐसा होना चाहिए कि जहाँ शिक्षा ग्रहण करने के साथ-साथ, विद्यार्थी का सर्वांगीण विकास हो। विद्यार्थियों को शिक्षा के साथ-साथ खेलकूद, रहन-सहन, विज्ञान, कला के क्षेत्र में भी ज्ञान प्रदान किया जाये। सभी विषय के उच्च शिक्षित एवं जानकार शिक्षक विद्यालय में तैनात हो। विद्यालय में उपयुक्त पुस्तकालय हो जो इंटरनेट के माध्यम से विश्व से जुड़ी हो। परंपरागत शिक्षा प्रणाली के साथ-साथ इन्फॉर्मेशन टेक्नोलोजी का भी भरपूर उपयोग हो। विद्यालय में विडियो कॉन्फ्रेंसिंग जैसी सुविधाओं का उपयोग करते हुये, चुनिन्दा जानकर शिक्षकों के द्वारा ज्ञान प्राप्त किया। जा सके। विद्याथियों के लिए आवश्यक सभी सुविधाएँ जैसे पुस्तकालय, इंटरनेट, कम्प्यूटर, प्रॉजेक्ट, आदि उपलब्ध हो मेधावी विद्यार्थी के साथ-साथ कमजोर विद्यार्थी पर भी शिक्षकों का पूरा ध्यान हो। अगर विद्यार्थी किसी कारणवश विद्यालय आने में असमर्थ हो तो वह इंटरनेट के माध्यम से भी अपने घर पर भी विद्यालय की कक्षा में मानसिक रूप से उपस्थित रह सके। इस प्रकार मेरी कल्पना का विद्यालय आज के युग से कदम से कदम मिलाकर चलाने वाला होना चाहिए।

मेरी कल्पना के विद्यालय में सर्वधर्म समभाव होना चाहिए। अमीर-गरीब का कोई भेदभाव नहीं होना चाहिए। हर विद्यार्थी स्वच्छंद रूप से बेहिचक प्रसन्नतापूर्वक शिक्षा ग्रहण कर सके।

मेरी कल्पना के विद्यालय में एक बहुत ही सुंदर पुस्तकालय होना बेहद आवश्यक है। जहाँ हर विषय और ज्ञान की पुस्तकों की भरमार हो जहाँ विद्यार्थी खुश होकर स्वाध्याय कर सके। हमारा विद्यालय हमारा विद्या का मंदिर होता है। जिस तरह से भक्त लोगों के लिए मंदिर और पूजा स्थल पवित्र स्थान होता है उसी तरह से एक विद्यार्थी के लिए उसका विद्यालय एक पवित्र स्थल होता है। इस पवित्र मंदिर के भगवान हैं हमारे गुरुजन जो हमारे अज्ञान रूपी अंधकार को दूर कर हमारे मन में ज्ञान रूपी प्रकाश को फैला देते हैं। अतः मेरी कल्पना का विद्यालय ज्ञान विज्ञान का और स्वस्थ स्वच्छ वातावरण का तथा शांति एकता सौहार्द्र और प्रेम का पवित्र मंदिर होना चाहिए जो छात्रों के भविष्य को उज्ज्वल और उन्नत दिशा में आगे बढ़ाए।

प्रश्न 13.
आपके क्षेत्र में डेंगू फैल रहा है। स्वास्थ्य अधिकारी को पत्र लिखकर उपयुक्त चिकित्सा व्यवस्था उपलब्ध कराने के लिए प्रार्थना-पत्र लिखिए। [5]
अथवा
अपने प्रिय मित्र को पत्र लिखकर धन्यवाद दीजिए कि आड़े वक्त में उसने किस तरह आपका साथ दिया था।
उत्तर:
परीक्षा भवन,
च, छ, ज, आगरा।
सेवा में,
स्वास्थ्य अधिकारी।
त थ द, आगरा।
महोदय
सविनय निवेदन इस प्रकार है कि मैं च छ ज क्षेत्र का निवासी हूँ इस पत्र के द्वारा आपको ध्यान अपने क्षेत्र की स्वास्थ्य समस्यों की ओर आकृष्ट करना चाहता हूँ। हमारे क्षेत्र में डेंगू प्रबल रूप से फैलता ही जा रही है जिस कारण अस्पतालों में , भी मरीजों की संख्या बढ़ती जा रही है। अस्पतालों में स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं की सख्त कमी है। उचित स्वास्थ्य सुविधाएँ और डॉक्टरों की कमी के कारण मरीजों की मृत्यु हो रही है।

अतः आप से निवेदन है कि हमारे क्षेत्र के अस्पताल में उचित । चिकित्सा व्यवस्था उपलब्ध कराई जाए और दवाएँ उपलब्ध करवाई जाए जिससे डेंगू से पीड़ित मरीजों की जान बचाई जो सके।

यदि आपने मेरी समस्या पर अमल किया तो मैं और मेरे क्षेत्र के निवासी आपके अत्यंत आभारी रहेंगे।
सधन्यवाद!
भवदीय,
अ ब स
दिनांक 30 – 03 -20XX
अथवा
परीक्षा भवन,
त थ द, आगरा।
दिनांक 30 – 03 -20XX
प्रिय मित्र,
मधुर स्मृति
मैं यहाँ पर कुशल मंगल हूँ तथा तुम्हारी कुशलता की कामना ईश्वर से करता हूँ।

पत्र लिखने का कारण यह कि मैं तुम्हें तुम्हारी दयालुता और सहयोग भावना के लिए तहेदिल से धन्यवाद प्रकट करना चाहता हूँ।

मित्र जब मुझे पैसे की सख्त आवश्यकता थी और मैं लाचार था तब आड़े वक्त में तुमने मुझे पैसे देकर मेरी समस्या को दूर किया। मैं शुक्रगुजार हूँ कि तुम्हारा किस प्रकार कर्ज चुकाऊँ।

ईश्वर से प्रार्थना है कि तुम्हारे जैसा मित्र सबको मिले। मैं तुम्हारी दयालुता को कभी भुला नहीं पाऊंगा घर में अपने माता-पिता को मेरा प्रणाम देना और छोटे भाई बहन को प्यार।
तुम्हारा अभिन्न मित्र,
च छ ज

प्रश्न 14.
आपके शहर में एक नया वाटर पार्क खुला है, जिसमें पानी के खेल, रोमांचक झूलों, मनोरंजक खेलों और खान-पान की व्यवस्था है। इसके लिए एक विज्ञापन का आलेख लगभग 50 शब्दों में तैयार कीजिए। [5]
अथवा
आपके पिताजी अपनी पुरानी कार बेचना चाहते हैं। इसके लिए पूरा विवरण देते हुए एक विज्ञापन का आलेख लगभग 50 शब्दों में तैयार कीजिए।
उत्तर:
खुशखबरी! खुशखबरी ! | खुशखबरी!
आपके शहर में पहली बार
मसलती की बहार
आइए आइए ! वाटर पार्क का आनंद लीजिए।
पानी के रोमांचक खेल आनंददायक झूले
मनोरंजक खेलों के संग खान-पान के रंग
अपने शहर में वाटर पार्क का असीमित आनंद लीजिए।
जिंदगी को सुकून दीजिए।
आइए टिकट पर 10 प्रतिशत की छूट
ऑफर सीमित समय के लिए
क्रिस्थल वाटर पार्क
नियर रोहिणी वेस्ट
मैट्रो स्टेशन
9871543098
अथवा
सेल! सेल! सेल!
पुरानी कार के दाम पर एकदम नई कार
खुशियों का खजाना अपार
एक वर्ष पुरानी स्विफ्ट मारुति कार सफेद रंग
एकदम चमचमाती हुई नवीनता के संग
कीमत 200000/ मात्र
जल्दी आओ जल्दी पाओ
सुनहरा मौका हाथ से छूटने न पाए
आइए सस्ते दाम में कार अपने नाम कीजिए।
मोहित शर्मा
76/2
चांदनी चौक
नई दिल्ली
7876144356.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Hindi A 2019 Outside Delhi Set – II

समय :3 घण्टे
अधिकतम अंक : 80

Note : Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous set.

खण्ड ‘ग’

प्रश्न 8.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए : [2 × 4 = 8]
(क) लेखक ने फादर कामिल बुल्के की याद को यज्ञ की पवित्र अग्नि क्यों कहा है?
(ख) मन्नू भंडारी का अपने पिता से जो वैचारिक मतभेद था उसे अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
(ग) ‘नेताजी का चश्मा’ पाठ में बच्चों द्वारा मूर्ति पर सरकंडे का चश्मा लगाना क्या प्रदर्शित करता है?
(घ) बालगोबिन भगत सुस्त और बोदे से बेटे के साथ कैसा व्यवहार करते थे और क्यों?
(ङ) लखनवी अंदाज’ पाठ के आधार पर बताइए कि लेखक ने यात्रा करने के लिए सेकंड क्लास का टिकट क्यों खरीदा।
उत्तर:
(क) जिस प्रकार यज्ञ की पवित्र अग्नि अपने चारों ओर के वातावरण को शुद्ध पवित्र करके महका देती है और लम्बे समय तक वह पवित्रता और शुद्धता बनी रहती है, ठीक उसी प्रकार फादर बुल्के भी अपने स्नेह और ममता की छाँव से सबको सराबोर कर देते थे।

(ख) मन्नू भंडारी के पिता चाहते थे कि वह घर में होने वाले राजनीतिक पार्टियों के लोगों के विचार सुने जाने और समझे कि देश में क्या कुछ हो रहा है, यही पिताजी के द्वारा दी गयी आजादी की सीमा थी, लेकिन मन्नू की आजादी की सीमा चारदीवारी से बाहर निकल कर आजादी के आंदोलन में भाग लेना था। इसी कारण अपने पिता के साथ मन्नू की। वैचारिक टकराहट थी। क्योंकि दोनों के विचारों में विपरीत सोच थी।

(ग) बच्चों द्वारा नेताजी की मूर्ति पर सरकंडे का चश्मा लगाया जाना यह उम्मीद जगाता है कि हमारी भावी पीढ़ी में देशभक्ति की भावना प्रबल है। इस देश के नवनिर्माण में न केवल युवा बल्कि बच्चा-बच्चा भी अपना योगदान देने में तत्पर है। बड़े व्यक्तियों से कहीं अधिक बड़े देशभक्त हमारे नौनिहाल हैं हमारा देश सुरक्षित हाथों में है।

(घ) बालगोबिन भगत का मानना था कि ऐसे व्यक्तियों को अधिक प्यार और स्नेह की आवश्यकता होती है। जो लोग मानसिक रूप से सुस्त और बोदा होते हैं माता पिता के उनके प्रति कर्तव्य और भी बढ़ जाते हैं। वे प्रेम और ममता के अधिकारी सामान्य लोगों से ज्यादा होते हैं। यदि ऐसे बच्चों को तिरस्कार उपेक्षित किया जाए तो उनमें असुरक्षा व हीनता की भावना जन्म लेगी एवं उनका भविष्य खतरे में पड़ जाएगा।

(ङ) लेखक नयी कहानी की रचना करना चाहते थे, उन्होंने सोचा कि मुफ्फलिस की ट्रेन में सेकण्ड क्लास का डिब्बा बिल्कुल खाली होगा जिससे वे भीड़ से बचकर नई कहानी के विषय में एकान्त में चिंतन करने के साथ-साथ प्राकृतिक दृश्यों की शोभा भी निहार सकेंगे। जिस कारण उन्होंने एकांत की दृष्टि से सेकण्ड क्लास का टिकट खरीदा।

प्रश्न 10.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चीर प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए : [2 x 4 = 8]
(क) संगतकार की मनुष्यता किसे कहा गया है? वह मनुष्यता कैसे बनाए रखता है?
(ख) ‘अट नहीं रही है’ कविता के आधार पर बसंत ऋतु की शोभा का वर्णन कीजिए।
(ग) परशुराम ने अपनी किन विशेषताओं के उल्लेख के द्वारा लक्ष्मण को डराने का प्रयास किया?
(घ) आपकी दृष्टि में कन्या के साथ दान की बात करना कहाँ तक उचित है? तर्क दीजिए।
(ङ) कवि ने शिशु की मुस्कान को ‘दंतुरित मुस्कान’ क्यों कहा है? कवि के मन पर उस मुस्कान का क्या प्रभाव पड़ा?
उत्तर:
(क) संगतकार की मनुष्यता यह है कि वह हमेशा स्वयं को मुख्य गायक के पीछे ही रखता है वह अपनी मनुष्यता बनाए रखने के लिए कभी भी मुख्य गायक को अकेलेपन का अहसास नहीं होने देता। वह हमेशा मुख्य गायक को ऊँचाई पर रखता है। जब मुख्य गायक का स्वर कभी अनहद में भटक जाता है तो संगतकार उन सुरों को सँभालने का कार्य करता है और मुख्य गायक को हताश नहीं होने देता। इस प्रकारे वह अपनी मनुष्यता को बनाकर रखता है।

(ख) कवि निराला फागुन और बसंत की शोभा का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं कि चारों ओर प्रकृति में अद्भुत सौंदर्य बिखरा हुआ है। बसंत का मादक सौंदर्य आँखों में समा नहीं पा रहा है। पेड़ों पर नए पल्लव दल लाल और हरे रंग के आ गए हैं। प्रकृति के गले में रंग बिरंगे पुष्पों की माला सजी हुई है। चारों ओर खुशहाल वातावरण है। बसंत की शोभा मंत्रमुग्ध करने वाली है। जिसको आँखें स्वीकार नहीं कर पा रही हैं।

(ग) परशुराम बोले हे लक्ष्मण सहस्रबाहु की हजार भुजाओं को काटने वाली मेरी इस कुल्हाड़ी की ओर देखो। यह गर्भ के शिशुओं को भी नहीं छोड़ती। यह बड़ी क्रूर है पल भर में मैं तुम्हें काल का निवाला बना दूंगा। मैं बाल ब्रह्मचारी और अत्यंत क्रोधी हूँ, मैंने अपनी भुजाओं के बल से धरती को क्षत्रिय विहीन कर दिया था और अनेक बार इस धरती को जीतकर ब्राह्मणों को दान में दे दिया था।

(घ) हमारी दृष्टि में कन्या के साथ दाने की बात करना उचित नहीं है। दान तो किसी वस्तु का किया जाता है। कन्या कोई दान की वस्तु नहीं है लेकिन दान से तात्पर्य है कि अपनी कोई प्रिय वस्तु किसी दूसरे के हाथों में सौंप देना। ठीक उसी प्रकार माँ भी अपनी पुत्री को विवाह के समय सदा के लिए दूसरे के हाथों में सौंप देती है जो उसकी अमूल्य पूँजी होती है। अतः कन्या के विवाह को दान का नाम दिया गया है।

(ङ) कवि ने शिशु की मुस्कान को दंतुरित मुस्कान कहा है अर्थात् शिशु के नए दांतों की मुस्कान। शिशु की दंतुरित मुस्कान कवि के लिए मृतक में भी जान डाल देने वाली है कवि के मन पर शिशु की मुस्कान का यह प्रभाव पड़ता है कि उसे लगता है कि कमल का फूल तालाब को छोड़कर स्वयं उसकी झोपड़ी में आकर खिल गया है। कवि अत्यंत प्रफुल्लित और आश्चर्यचकित है।

प्रश्न 13.
गत कुछ दिनों से आपके क्षेत्र में अपराध बढ़ने लगे हैं। इससे आप चिंतित हैं। इन अपराधों की रोकथाम के लिए थानाध्यक्ष को पत्र लिखिए। [5]
अथवा
आपका एक मित्र शिमला में रहता है। आप उसके आमंत्रण पर ग्रीष्मावकाश में वहाँ गए थे और प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य का खूब आनंद उठाया था। घर वापस लौटने पर कृतज्ञता व्यक्त करते हुए मित्र को पत्र लिखिए।
उत्तर:
परीक्षा भवन,
क, ख, ग
नई दिल्ली। 1100XX
सेवा में,
थानाध्यक्ष,
च, छ, ज
नई दिल्ली।
विषय- बढ़ते अपराधों की शिकायत हेतु थानाध्यक्ष को पत्र।
महोदय,
सविनय नम्र निवेदन इस प्रकार है कि हमारे क्षेत्र में कुछ दिनों से अपराध बढ़ते ही जा रहे हैं। आए दिन महिलाओं के साथ दुर्व्यवहार, छेड़छाड़ और चेन झपटमारी की घटनाएँ बढ़ती जा रही हैं। लड़कियों का घर से बाहर निकलना दूभर हो रहा है। चोरी डकैती की घटनाएँ भी दिन प्रतिदिन बढ़ने के कारण हमारे क्षेत्र के निवासी अत्यंत परेशान हैं।

अतः आपसे आग्रह है कि हमारे क्षेत्र में पुलिस गश्त बढ़ा दी जाए और महिलाओं की सुरक्षा के लिए कुछ उचित कदम उठाएँ जिससे कि सभी क्षेत्र के निवासी सुरक्षित जीवन जी सकें। यदि आपने हमारी समस्या की ओर ध्यान दिया तो हम सभी क्षेत्र के निवासी आपके अत्यंत आभारी रहेंगे।
सधन्यवाद! भवदीय,
प, फ, ब.
दिनांक-22.03.20XX
अथवा
परीक्षा भवन,
क, ख, ग
नई दिल्ली।
1100XX
दिनांक 22.03.20XX
प्रिय मित्र,
मधुर स्मृति। मैं यहाँ पर कुशलपूर्वक हूँ तथा तुम्हारी कुशलता की कामनाएँ ईश्वर से करता हूँ। पत्र लिखने का कारण यह है कि मैं तुम्हारे प्रति अपनी असीम कृतज्ञता व्यक्त करना चाहता हूँ। मुझे अत्यंत प्रसन्नता है कि तुमने मुझे शिमला आने का आमंत्रण दिया और मैं वहां पहुँच भी गया। जिस प्रकार तुमने मुझे शिमला की सैर कराई और मैंने प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य क आनंद लिया उस आनंद को मैं कभी भूल नहीं सकता। पर्वतीय सौंदर्य में एक अजीब सी शांति और सुख है। काश मैं भी तुम्हारे साथ हमेशा उस स्वर्गिक सौंदर्य का आनंद ले पाता।

मैं तुम्हारा शुक्रगुजार हूँ कि तुमने मुझे शिमला के दर्शनीय स्थलों की सैर कराई तथा पहाड़ों की खूबसूरती के नजारे दिखाए। अगले वर्ष ग्रीष्मावकाश में मैं फिर से पर्वतीय सौंदर्य का आनंद लेना चाहूँगा। घर में अपने माता पिताजी को मेरा प्रणाम देना और छोटी बहन को स्नेह।
तुम्हारा अभिन्न मित्र।
त थ द

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Hindi A 2019 Outside Delhi Set – III

समय : 3 घण्टे
अधिकतम अंक : 80
Note : Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous set.

खण्ड ‘ग’

प्रश्न 8.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए : [2 × 4= 8]
(क) दो उदाहरण दीजिए जिनसे आपको लग हो कि बालगोबिन भगत सामाजिक रूढ़ियों से न बँध कर प्रगतिशील विचारों का परिचय देते हैं।
(ख) नवाब साहब ने खीरा खाने की पूरी तैयारी की और उसके बाद उसे बिना खाए फेंक दिया। इस नवाबी व्यवहार पर टिप्पणी कीजिए।
(ग) फादर कामिल बुल्के के हिन्दी के प्रति लगाव के दो उदाहरण पाठ के आधार पर दीजिए।
(घ) मन्नू भण्डारी के व्यक्तित्व पर किन-किन व्यक्तियों का प्रभाव किस रूप में पड़ा?
(ङ) कैसे कह सकते हैं कि “काशी संस्कृति की प्रयोगशाला” है? ‘नौबतखाने में इबादत’ पाठ के आधार पर लिखिए।
उत्तर:
(क) जब बालगोबिन भगत के बेटे की मृत्यु हुई तो उन्होंने अपनी पतोहू को दूसरा विवाह करने के लिए कहा। उनके विचार से पति की मृत्यु के बाद एक स्त्री के लिए अकेले जीवन बिताना बहुत ही दुखपूर्ण और चुनौती भरा कार्य है। उनका यह व्यवहार सामाजिक रूढ़ियों से न बंधकर ऊपर उठाता है।

भगत गृहस्थ होकर भी एक साधु की परिभाषा पर खरे उतरते थे खेतीबाड़ी करते थे और जो भी खेत में अन्न उपजता उसको सबसे पहले कबीर के मठ में ले जाते और जो भी प्रसाद रूप में मिलता उसी से गुजर बसर
करते।

(ख) नवाब साहब अपनी नवाबी का दिखावा कर रहे थे। उन्होंने खीरे को पहले धोया, सुखाया, छीला और फिर फॉकों में काटकर सँघकर खिड़की से बाहर फेंक दिया इससे उनके दिखावटी पूर्ण जीवन का पता चलता है।
कि वे खीरे को अपदार्थ और तुच्छ समझते हैं।

(ग) फादर कामिल बुल्के हिंदी वालों के द्वारा हिन्दी भाषा की उपेक्षा से बहुत दुखी होते थे। हर मंच से वे हिन्दी को राष्ट्रभाषा बनाये जाने की बात करते और हिन्दी को राष्ट्रभाषा बनाने के लिए कार्य करते। (घ), मन्नू भंडारी पर उनके पिता और हिन्दी की प्राध्यापिका शीला अग्रवाल का प्रभाव पड़ा। पिता की तरह वह भी देशभक्त और आजादी के आंदोलन में भागीदारी देने वाली देशभक्त थीं। पिता की तरह ही शक्की स्वभाव और तमाम गुण मन्नू में समाहित थे।

शीला अग्रवाल ने उन्हें साहित्य के क्षेत्र में आगे बढ़ने को कार्य किया। मन्नू को चुनिंदा उच्च साहित्यकारों की पुस्तकें पढ़ने के लिए प्रेरित किया। साथ ही घर की चारदीवारी से बाहर निकालकर उनको आंदोलन के
लिए प्रेरित किया।

(ङ) काशी संस्कृति की पाठशाला है क्योंकि काशी में संगीत की एक अद्भुत परंपरा रही है। बड़े-बड़े रसिक कण्ठे महाराज ने भी यहीं सबको संस्कृति का पाठ पढ़ाया। काशी में बाबा विश्वनाथ हैं, संकटमोचक हनुमान का मंदिर है। काशी में गंगा जमुनी संस्कृति है। इसको शास्त्रों में आनंद कानन के नाम से भी जाना जाता है।

प्रश्न 10.
निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चीर प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए : [2 × 4 = 8]
(क) ‘उत्साह’ कविता में कवि बादल से क्या अनुरोध करता है?
(ख) भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए :
“छू गया तुमसे कि झरने लग पड़े शेफालिका के
फूल बाँस था कि बबूल?”
(ग) “छाया मत छूना मन’ में ‘छाया’ किसका प्रतीक है? उसे छूने को मना क्यों किया गया है?
(घ) ‘कन्यादान’ कविता का संदेश संक्षेप में लिखिए।
(ङ) मॅजे हुए प्रतिष्ठित संगीतकार को भी अच्छे संगतकार की आवश्यकता क्यों होती है?
उत्तर:
(क) उत्साह कविता में कवि बादल से अनुरोध करता है। कि हे बादलो तुम गगन को चारों ओर से घेर लो, घोर अंधकार कर लो और क्रांति करो। अनंत दिशा से आकर घरघोर गर्जना करके बरसों और तपती हुई धरा को शीतल कर दो। क्रांति के द्वारा परिवर्तन ले आओ।

(ख) कवि अपने शिशु की दंतुरित मुस्कान को देखकर कहता है कि तुम्हारे नए दाँतों के मुस्कान में एक आकर्षण है। जैसे ही मैंने तुम्हें छुआ ऐसे लगा कि शेफालिका के सफेद फूल झड़ रहे हैं। तुम्हारी मुस्कान देखकर बांस और बबूल में भी शेफालिका के जैसे फूल खिलने लगेंगे।

(ग) छाया मत छूना अतीत की स्मृतियों की प्रतीक है। कवि अतीत को याद करने से मना करता है क्योंकि अतीत को याद करके वर्तमान का दुःख दुगुना हो जाता है। हम आज के सुख को भी खो देते हैं। अतः हमें अतीत को भूल जाना चाहिए और वर्तमान में जीना चाहिए और आने वाले समय को सुखी बनाने के लिए कार्य करना चाहिए।

(घ) कन्यादान कविता का सन्देश यह है कि हमारे समाज में स्त्रियों के लिए कुछ प्रतिमान स्थापित कर दिए जाते हैं। समाज उनको कमजोर समझता है और अत्याचार करता है। अपने संचित अनुभव के आधार पर माँ कन्यादान के समय अपनी बेटी को शिक्षित कर रही है। ताकि समाज में वह एक उच्च सुखी जीवन जी सके और समाज की मानसिकता से वह परिचित हो सके। विवाह पश्चात् लड़की परिवार की केन्द्र बिन्दु होती है। अतः लड़की को उसके कर्तव्यों से परिचित करा रही

(ङ) जब कभी मँजा हुआ संगीतकार अपने सुरों के जंगल में भटक जाता है अनहद में चला जाता है तब संगतकार ही उसके सुरों को सँभालने का कार्य करता है। संगीतकार ही मुख्य संगीतकार या गायक का अस्तित्व बचाता है और स्वयं हमेशा मुख्य गायक के पीछे रहता

प्रश्न 11.
‘माता का अंचल’ पाठ की दो बातों का उल्लेख कीजिए जो आपको अच्छी लगी हों। इनसे आपको क्या प्रेरणा मिली? [4]
अथवा
‘जॉर्ज पंचम की नाक’ पाठ में निहित व्यंग्य को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर:
‘माता का अंचल’ पाठ ग्रामीण संस्कृति के बच्चों के बचपन की एक जीवंत झलक है। इस पाठ में बच्चों के स्वच्छंद बचपन का वर्णन है कि किस प्रकार वे अपने हमजोलियों के बीच मिट्टी में ही बिना खेल खिलौनों के अपना जीवन बिताते हैं। पिताजी का भोलेनाथ के हर खेल में शामिल होना हर खेल पर अपनी बच्चों सी टिप्पणी देना बहुत अच्छा लगा। जब चूहे के बिल में से सांप निकल आया और दशहत में आकर संकट के समय भोलेनाथ का माँ के आँचल में जाकर छुप जाना बहुत अच्छा लगा। इस पाठ में गुदगुदाने वाले प्रसंग भी अनेक हैं। पिता का इस प्रकार बच्चा बन जाना बहुत सुखद अनुभव है जो सभी पाठकों को गुदगुदा देता है।
अथवा
‘जॉर्ज पंचम की नाक’ पाठ एक सटीक व्यंग्य है हमारे शाही तंत्र की गुलामी की मानसिकता पर जब रानी एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय भारत दौरे पर आ रही थी तो बड़े-बड़े हुक्कामों ने दिल्ली का काया पलट कर दिया। वे भूल चुके हैं कि इसी महारानी के देश ने ही उन्हें कभी गुलाम बनाया था। इस निबंध में सरकारी कार्यप्रणाली पर भी व्यंग्य है। नाजनीनों की तरह दिल्ली को सजाया संवारा गया । जॉर्ज पंचम की मूर्ति से गायब नाक के लिए मूर्तिकार को नाक लगाने का आदेश दे दिया गया। मूर्तिकार हिंदुस्तान के कोने कोने में गया किन्तु मूर्ति की नाप की नाक ढूँढने में असफल रहा।

अंत में जिंदा नाक लगाकर कार्य पूरा किया गया। यह एक जीता जागता उदाहरण है हमारे शाही तंत्र की मानसिकता पर कि किस प्रकार अपनी नाक बचाने के लिए जनता की नाक तक काट देते हैं।

प्रश्न 13.
‘पड़ोस में आग लगने की दुर्घटना की खबर तुरंत दिए जाने पर भी दमकल अधिकारी और पुलिस देर से पहुँचे जिससे आग ने भीषण रूप ले लिया। इसके बारे में विवरण सहित एक शिकायती पत्र अपने जिला अधिकारी को लिखिए। [5]
अथवा
पढ़ाई छोड़कर घर बैठे छोटे भाई को समझाते हुए पत्र लिखिए कि पढ़ना क्यों आवश्यक है। पत्र ऐसा हो कि उसमें नई उमंग का संचार हो सके।
उत्तर:
परीक्षा भवन,
क, ख, ग, आगरा।
सेवा में,
जिलाधिकारी,
अ, ब, स
आगरा
दिनांक 25 मार्च 20XX
विषय – दमकल अधिकारी और पुलिस की लापरवाही की शिकायत हेतु पत्र।

महोदय,
सविनय निवेदन है कि मैं च. छ. ज. क्षेत्र का निवासी इस पत्र के माध्यम से आपको दमकल विभाग और पुलिस की लापरवाही की शिकायत करना चाहता हूँ। कल मेरे पड़ोसी के यहाँ अचानक आग लग गयी, जिस कारण पड़ौसियों का घर पूरी तरह से जल कर स्वाहा हो गया।

आग लगने की घटना की जानकारी तुरंत दमकल विभाग को दी गयी परन्तु कई घण्टे तक भी दमकल की कोई गाड़ी नहीं आयी और न ही पुलिस ने आकर घटना की जानकारी ली। इतनी देर में आग की लपटें दूसरे पड़ौसियों के घर तक आकर भी फैल गयी।

दमकल विभाग के कर्मचारी समय पर आते तो इतने बड़े नुकसान को बचाया जा सकता था। आपसे अनुरोध है कि दमकल विभाग और पुलिसकर्मियों के प्रति सख्त कार्यवाही करें जो सूचना देने के बाद भी घटनास्थल पर नहीं आए।
सधन्यवाद।
भवदीय
प. फ. ब.
अथवा
परीक्षा भवन
क, ख, ग
आगरा
दिनांक 22.20.20XX
प्रिय अनुज,
शुभाशीष। इस पत्र के द्वारा मैं तुम्हें पढ़ाई का महत्व समझाना चाहता हूँ मुझे मालूम हुआ है कि तुम पढ़ाई छोड़कर घर पर बैठे हो और विद्यालय भी नहीं जा रहे हो। यदि तुम विद्यालय नहीं जाओगे तो घर पर बैठकर तुम्हारा अर्जित ज्ञान भी धूमिल हो जाएगा और खाली दिमाग शैतान का घर होता है। बिना पढ़ाई के जीवन व्यर्थ है तुम अपना भविष्य बिना पढ़ाई के कैसे बना सकते हो। यदि तुम पढ़ोगे तो आगे चलकर अपने पैरों पर खड़े हो सकते हो और आत्मसम्मान आत्मविश्वास प्राप्त करोगे और जो चाहो जीवन में हासिल कर पाओगे।

आशा है कि तुम मेरी बात समझ गए होंगे और कल से नियमित रूप से विद्यालय जाओगे तथा परिश्रम करोगे। घर में माता पिताजी को मेरा दंडवत् प्रणाम देना और छोटी बहन को प्यार।
तुम्हारा अग्रज,
च.छ.ज.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2016 Term 1

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2016 Term I

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 70

SECTION – A
(READING SKILLS) 20

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow : [8]
The ozone level in Delhi, is more than twice the safe standard and falls in the ‘poor’ category of the National Air Quality Index (NAQI). Centre for Science and Environment’s (CSE) recent analysis of ozone levels, recorded by Delhi Pollution Control Committee’s (DPCC) real-time air quality monitoring stations in April and May, reveals a strong build-up of the toxic gas in certain areas.

Ground-level ozone is not emitted by ’ vehicles or industries but forms when oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and a range of other gases—primarily from vehicles and other sources, are exposed to each other in sunlight. High temperature and still air increase the formation of ozone. “Unlike particulate matter which can be contributed by vehicles as are a primary source of NOX. We need to control vehicular emissions urgently to address ozone as well as particulate matter levels,” said head of CSE’s clean air programme. CSE also said ozone hasn’t spared neighbourhoods of the ‘rich and powerful’ such as Lutyens’ Delhi and Civil Lines.

In Delhi, Civil lines had the maximum number of days when the ozone standard was breached. The eight-hour average peaked at 250 micrograms per cubic metre—2.5 times the safe standard. In April and May, the gas exceeded the safe limit on 92% and 97% of the days, respectively. Its concentration was very high in RK Puram, Punjabi Bagh and Mandir Marg. In RK Puram, the eight-hour average touched 240 . micrograms per cubic metre.

In Lutyens’ Delhi and around AIIMS, where DPCC doesn’t have monitoring station, CSE analyzed the air with protable equipment. At Lodhi Estate, the ozone level frequently breached the one-hour standard, while near AIIMS the peak one-hour average was 266 micrograms per cubic metre between 12 noon and 1 pm. CSE researchers said DPCC should carry out regular monitoring in sensitive areas as well as in Lutyens’ Delhi. According to CSE, ozone is included in the daily smog and health alert programmes in countries like Mexico, the US and China. In Mexico City, the elderly, children and levels go up. The US-based National Research Council, part of National Academies of Science, has recommended that local health authorities keep the harmful effects of ozone in mind when advising people on polluted days. The US is also tightening its ozone standards. CSE researchers quoted a study by the University of Southern California published in The Lancet which found that children who played were at greater risks of developing asthma in high-ozone areas.
(a) Why is the ozone level in Delhi poor?
(b) How is ground level ozone formed?
(c) What is a source of NOX?
(d) In which area was the ozone standard breached most of the days?
(e) What was the average of ozone level at AIIMS between 12 noon to 1 p.m.?
(f) Which countries are the most alert about ozone level?
(g) What advisory is given to the heart patients?
(h) What is the shocking research of CSE Researchers?
Anwers:
(a) The ozone level in Delhi is poor because the records reveal a strong build-up of the toxic gas in certain areas.
(b) When gases from vehicles and other sources are exposed to each other in sunlight, the ground level ozone is formed. High temperature and still air increases the formation of ozone.
(c) Vehicles are the source of NOX.
(d) Civil Lines in Delhi was the ares in which the ozone standard breached most of the days.
(e) 266 microgram per cubic meter
(f) Mexico, the Us and China are the most alert about ozone level.
(g) Heart patients are advised to stay indoors when ozone levels go up.
(h) As per the research of CSE, the children who played were at greater risk of developing asthma.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [12]
Believe it or not, the sewage-filled Yamuna is playing a major role in keeping Delhi’s temperatures under control.

If the Yamuna had a healthy flow, it could help check the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon in the city. The surface termperature in and around Yamuna is about half of what’s recorded in build-up or open areas in summer. According to a recent study by the Department of Geography of Delhi School of Economics, the Yamuna, avenue trees and the Ridge, which is an outcrop of the Aravalis, have also ensured that the UHI effect in Delhi is lower that that of Mumbai.

A series of studies by department of geography, reveals that parts of Delhi, especially, open areas of western and south-western Delhi, traffic nodes, open concrete stretches like the airport and the area around it as well as built-up urban areas record the are obviously the coolest. But the difference in surface temperatures of these areas is massive, to say the least. For instance, in summer (April-May) the surface temperature where Yamuna’s depth is the maximum, records about 23 degrees Celsius compared to the surface temperature of built-up, agricultural areas or open concrete areas such as the airport, which records 43 to 45 degrees. In parts of Yamuna where the water quality is poor and scanty, the surface termperature increases to 25 degrees. This gives scientists reason to believe that if Yamuna had a flow; it could help maintain Delhi’s extreme heat.

“The river has relatively high heat storing and transfer capacity. It passes through six districts of Delhi and acts as a heat moderator for the city. Lakes and drains in the city also play a similar role. Even though there is a small proportion of area covered with water bodies, the spatial location of these features has a vital role in UHI creation. The temperature of the drains ranges from 28 to 29°C, “says the study. The built-up or highly urbanized pockets in both Delhi and Mumbai have experienced a two degree rise in average temperature. In Delhi, these areas include Janakpuri, Okhla industrial area, Jahangirpuri, Shahdara and other. “We have been trying to say vegetation and land use have a very close relationship with each other. It’s apparent in these studies,” added the researcher. The study published in “Environments” journal concludes: “In Mumbai, there exists strong UHI, but this is weak for Delhi… Delhi has a larger area under green cover, and hence, the UHI effect is diminished. In Mumbai, the absence of tree cover, along with other factors, has led to increased surface temperature. In this scenario, it becomes imperative to focus on a stricter implementation of urban planning.”

But Delhi’s UHI effect is definitely increasing, say scientists. According to a recent study by Centre for Atmospheric Sciences at IIT-Delhi, the diurnal temperature range (difference between the maximum and minimum temperature) is decreasing rapidly. The DTR for Delhi that was 12.48 degrees in 2001 has reduced to 10.34 degrees in 2011, indicating that the minimum temperature at night time or early morning is steadily increasing.
(a) Why does scientists believe that Yamuna play a role in making Delhi cool? [2 × 4 = 8]
(b) Which area have experienced a two degree rise in average temperature?
(c) Why is UHI effect weak in Delhi?
(d) Why should there be stricter implementation of urban planning?
(e) Choose the appropriate answer : [1 × 4 = 8]
1. A synonym for ‘city’ is :
(i) major
(ii) urban
(iii) avenue
(iv) Ridge
2. A synonym for ‘discloses’ is :
(i) concrete
(ii) effect
(iii) reveal
(iv) stretches
3. The opposite of Tight/weightless’:
(i) radiate
(ii) least
(iii) massive
(iv) concrete
4. The antonym of ‘plenty’ here is :
(i) poor
(ii) enough
(iii) massive
(iv) scanty
Answer:
(a) Scientists believe that Yamuna plays a role in making Delhi cool because the surface temperature in and around Yamuna is about half of what is recorded in built-up or open areas in summer.
(b) The built-up or highly urbanized pockets have experienced a two degree rise in the average temperature.
(c) The UHI effect is weak because Delhi has larger area under green cover.
(d) There should be stricter implementation of urban planning so that the temperature does not rise high.
(e) 1. (ii) urban
2. (iii) reveal
3. (iii) massive
4. (iv) scanty

SECTION-B
(WRITING SKILLS WITH GRAMMAR) 25

Question 3.
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper in 100-120 words complaining against the schools that hire bus drivers who indulge in rash and drunken driving and cause risk to the lives of the innocent school children. You are Akash of Rajdhani Public School Delhi. [5 marks]
OR
Write an article in 100-120 wrods on ‘The International Day of Yoga’ describing how the Yoga events were organizsed all over the world and the impact it has created on people.
Answer:
E-15, Surya Nagar
New Delhi
17 November 20XX
The Editor
The Hindustan Times
K.G. Marg, Delhi
Sub: Expressing Views About Rash Driving
Sir,
I wish to express my views about rash and drunken driving of school bus drivers through your newspaper.

It is very painful and alarming that the drivers of school buses are neither trained for this particular job, nor do they feel responsible towards the children. They drive so rashly that they cause accidents and injure the innocent children and the people around. The school authorities and parents seem to be confident about the safety of their children after hiring the drivers. Many young children lose their lives due to careless attitude of the drivers towards the safety of the school children.

It is suggested that the drivers of school buses should be given a special training and there should be regular updating of their skills. They should be scrutinized by giving them tough personality tests, only then we can safeguard our school children.

I hope you would agree with me and give my article a suitable space in your newspaper. Thanking You Yours truly Akash
OR
The International Day of Yoga
21 June 20XX was celebrated as The International Day of Yoga. People all over the world celebrated the Yoga Day. In India, various programmes of yoga were organised in all the states and offices. In Delhi, the four yoga geniuses including Ram Devji displayed various asanas which were followed by around 40,000 volunteers. The four gurus were present at Rajpath to exhibit asanas which were projected through 28 big screents. About 80-100 foreigners from around 50 countries were also present in the function. A 1400 meter stretch on Rajpath had about 40,000 yoga mats laid out for the participants, many of whom were government officers and staff.

Each of the officer was given a bag which contained a white T-shirt, a booklet, a DVD and an entry pass. The yoga got worldwide endorsement as a preventive health care measure.

The Prime Minister himself was there to perform yoga on the stage. The international acclaim of our yoga asanas would certainly help us lead a peaceful and healthy life.

Question 4.
Complete the following story given below in about 150-200 words : [10]
Harish was getting late for the station. He picked up his bag and started running, somehow he crossed the market. Then suddenly somebody hit him and he fell down. He got up and ran to the station. He saw the train leaving the platform. He started crying. An old man came there and he ……..
Answer:
Harish was getting late for the station. He picked up his bag and started running, somehow he crossed the market. Then suddenly somebody hit him and he fell down. He got up and ran to the station. He saw the train leaving the platfrom. He started crying. An old man came there and he quickly got inside the train and pulled emergency brakes. The train suddenly stopped. Harish got inside the train. He was very happy to catch the train which he almost had missed. After some time, two policemen came and started searching his bag. He was unable to know why they were suspecting him. They searched his bag more thoroughly and found a small packet of white powder.

Harish was surprised to see the packet. The policemen were very strict with Harish. He started crying as he was taken to the police station at the platfrom. The police inspector sitting there seemed to be a familiar face to Harish. He tried to recognise him and asked him to narrate the whole story from the beginning. When Harish was telling about his story he did not forget to mention about the old man. Mr. Gupta asked him to recollect anything worth mentioning. Then Harish remembered that the old man had taken his bag to help him catch the train. Now Mr. Gupta realised that who was the real criminal. He showed Harish some photographs of the criminals and Harish at once, recognised the old man and realised that the packet was kept by the old man in his bag. Finally, Mr. Gupta sent him back to his home.

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words: [1 × 3 = 3]
Conversation in indeed (a) ….. most easily teachable of all arts. All you need (b) ……… (do) in order to become a good conversationist (c) …….. (be) to find a subject that interests you and your listener.
Answer:
(a) the
(b) to do
(c) is

Question 6.
In the passage given below one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet. Ensure that the word that forms your answer in underlined as shown in the example: [1 × 4 = 4]
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2016 Term 1 1
Answer:
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2016 Term 1 2

Question 7.
Rearrange the following words and phrases into meaningful sentences: [1 × 3 = 3]
Example: was / on / 21 June / Day / Yoga / of / International / celebrated.
(a) 40,000 / participated / about / volunteers / the/ celebrations / in
(b) taken / measures / safely / strict / event / the/ manage / were / to
(c) the / Yoga /100 countries / than / celebrated / Day / was / in / more
Answer:
(a) About 40,000 volunteers participated in the celebrations.
(b) Strict measures were taken to manage the event safely.
(c) The Yoga Day was celebrated in more than 100 countries.

SECTION-C
(LITERATURE TEXT BOOK AND LONG READING TEXT) 25

Question 8.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
I am an orphan, roaming the street. I pattern soft dust with my hushed bare feet. The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet.
(a) Who is T referred to here?
(b) Why does she want to be an orphan?
(c) Identity the figure of speech used here.
OR
The moment the letter fell into the mail-box the postmaster went to open it. It said, God: Of the money that I asked for, only seventy pesos reached me. Send me the rest. Since I need it very much. But don’t send it to me through the mail, because the post office employees are a bunch of crooks. Lencho.
(a) Why did Lencho write this letter?
(b) Why was Lencho angry with the post office employees?
(c) Find out a word from the passage which means, Dishonest people’.
Answer:
(a) ‘I’ is referred to Amanda
(b) She wants to be an orphan in order to be able to roam freely.
(c) Alliteration: A pattern soft dust with my hushed feet, is used here.
OR
(a) Lencho wrote his letter because he thought that out of the hundred pesos which God had sent him to help, thirty were stolen by the post office employees.
(b) Lencho was angry because he thought that they had stolen thirty pesos.
(c) The word which means ‘dishonest people’ is crooks.

Question 9.
Answer the following questions briefly in 30-40 words each: [2 × 4 = 8)]
(a) Why did the theif Hari Singh change his name every month?
(b) Why did Horace Danby feel sure of his success in that year’s robbery?
(c) Why did Lencho write a letter to God?
(d) How were Peggy and Maddie different from Wanda?
Answer:
(a) Hari Singh changed his name every month so that he could not be recognized and caught by the people whose money had stolen earlier.
(b) Horace Danby felt sure of his success in that year’s robbery because he had made his plan meticulously to catch the robbers.
(c) Lencho’s crop was destroyed and he felt that no one but God could hel him. So, he had written a letter to God.
(d) Peggy and Maddie were rich and had lots of dresses. On the other hand, Wanda was very poor and she used to wear shabby clothes to the school duet to which, Peggy and Maddie made fun of her.

Question 10.
Answer the following question in 80-100 words: [4 marks]
Describe the experience of the landlord and his wife in the bedroom of the strange scientist?
OR
Give the character sketch of Hari Singh.
Answer:
When the landlord and his wife woke up early one morning, they were shocked to see the scientist’s door open. They could not believe it because usually it was closed at that time. They peeped inside the room but were taken aback to see that there was no one inside the room. The clothes and bandages were lying scattered on the bed. Griffin did not like this intursion to his privacy. He hit the Landlord’s wife, Mrs. Hall on her head. Then he threw a chair at her. Mrs. Hall was terrified.

Both of them fled from the scene as they were pushed out of the room by the flying chair. They panicked and left the room.
OR
Hari Singh was just 15 years old, but he was already an experienced and fairly successful theif. He used to change his name frequently so not to get caught by his former employees, whom he must have cheated.

He even cheated Anil when he went to buy the daily supplies of groceries. However, he wished to get an education so that he could become a big and a respected man, who would be able to achieve a lot.

He stole a large sum of money from Anil but regretted it when he realised that in doing so, he had lost his only chance of getting an education. He was courageous enough to return the money, even though he knew that he may get caught in the process.

However, his desire to change himself was so great that it motivated him and gave him the courage to return to Anil.

Question 11.
Answer the following questions in 100-120 words: [10]
Write in brief about Helen’s ancestry and her early childhood before she was afflicted with a mysterious disease.**
OR
Describe in brief Helen’s relationship with Martha. What were some of the activities that Martha and Helen would do together?
OR
Give a brief description about the location of the Secret Annex? How was it changed into a hiding place for eight people from different families?**
OR
How were the jews treated in area captured by Germany?**

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 Development

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 Development

Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 NCERT Textbook Questions Solved

Questions 1.
What do you understand by the term ‘development’? Would all sections of society benefit from such a definition of development?
Answer:
The term ‘Development’ can be understood better in both the broader and narrower sense:

  • In a broader sense, development conveys the ideas of improvement, progress, well¬being and aspiration for better life to constitute the vision for society as a whole and how to achieve it.
  • In a narrower sense, it refers to more limited goals as increasing the rate of economic growth, etc.

Benefits to different sections of society:

  • Development has been identified with completing projects like factories, dams, hospitals, national high ways rather than to uphold the broader vision of development into the society.
  • Some sections like industrialists have been benefitted while others like up-rooted families and landless people, etc. have lost their homes or lands without any compensatory gain.
  • Though, issues regarding the benefits and burdens of development either have been justly distributed or not, have been a main concern for developmental priorities in a democratic setup.

This issue is of debate which model should be adopted to serve as a standard by which the development experience of a country is examined.

Question 2.
Discuss some of the social and ecological costs of the kind of development which has been
pursued in most countries.
Answer 1.
Social costs of development:

  • Displacement resulted in the loss of livelihood and increased impoverishment.
  • Many peoples have been displaced from their homes and localities due to urbanization and industrialization, etc.
  • If rural agricultural communities are displaced to end up at the margins of society.
  • It results in a loss of culture due to loss of community life because traditional skills acquired over a long period, are also lost.
  • Displacement has led to struggles in many countries like India is Narmada Bachao Andolan against Sardar Sarovar Dam on the river Narmada.
  • The supporters of this dam claimed to generate electricity, irrigate large areas of land and to provide drinking water to the desert areas of Kutch and Saurashtra whereas the opponents of the dam claim to lose the land through construction by almost one million people.

Ecological costs of development:

  • Environmental degradation took place, i.e. Tsunami created damage to a greater extent on South and South East Asia coasts in 2005.
  • Global warming is also taking place due to emissions of greenhouse gases into the environment, i.e. ice-melting in Arctic and Antarctic regions has the potential to cause floods and submerge low lying areas like Bangladesh and Maldives.
  • The ecological crisis will adversely affect us, i.e. air pollution.
  • Deforestation also affect the forest resources, i.e. medical herbs, firewood or timber, etc.

Question 3.
What are some of the new claims for rights which the process of development has
generated?
Answer.

  • In reality, the benefits of development have been concerned by powerful and costs of development have been borne by the poorest and vulnerable section due to ecological degradation, displacement and lost of livelihood.
  • Another claim is to have a right to be consulted in decision directly which affect the lives of the people.
  • The people can claim if an activity or law sanctioned by the government threatens the lives of the people.
  • The claim can be used to have a right to use natural resources by various communities and tribes, etc.
  • The claim to belong to natural resources, i.e. local community or common resource of whole humanity.
  • Democracies focus to achieve a balance between the claims of present and future.

Question 4.
What would be the advantages of democracy over other forms of government for ensuring that decisions regarding development are made to promote the common good?
Answer:

  • Democracy is the best form of government because the conflicts are resolved through debates with the involvement of in formulating the goals of development and in devising way of implementing it.
  • Democracy makes a clear distinction between a plan made by others and sharing in the formulation of the plans because the others may plan with the best intentions but may be less aware of specific needs and the sharing shows the empowerment in decision making process.
  • Democracy and development are interrelated to ensure participation is to allow local decision making bodies to take decisions about development projects in the local area.
  • The people may be consulted on the issues to affect the people most and to reject them if it affects adversely to the community.
  • Direct involvement of people in planning and formulating policies allow people to direct resources towards their needs.
  • A decentralized approach to development makes it possible to use different types of technologies traditional and modern in a creative manner.

Question 5.
In your view, how successful have popular struggles been in making the state responsive to the social and environmental costs of development? Discuss with examples.
Answer.
Yes, popular struggles have got a great success in making state responsible to the social and environmental costs of development:

  • The concept of ‘development’ gained importance after the second half of twentieth century when a large number of countries in Asia and Africa got political freedom from colonialism.
  • In the beginning years, the focus was on catching up with the west in terms of economic growth and modernisation of societies.
  • Earlier the state was the only agency capable of initiating that type of social and economic change and several nations embarked upon ambitious projects of development, generally with the assistance of loans and aid from the developed countries, i.e. five years plans in India since 1950s.(d) The model of development adopted by India and other countries has come under a great deal of criticism over the years and this led to some rethinking about the objectives and processes of development today.
  • Construction of Sardar Sarovar project was challenged on the ground to displace the tribal people and local inhabitants living near the areas of this dam and initiatives were taken by Narmada Bachao Andolan by Medha Patekar.
  • Some well-known environmental groups include Green Peace and World Wildlife Fund, etc.
  • In India Chipko Movement took place under the leadership of Sunder Lai Bahuguna to protect the Himalayan forests to pressurise the government to modify industrial and developmental policies of government.

Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 NCERT Extra Questions Solved

Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 NCERT Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can we define ‘Development’ in a broader sense?
Answer:
In a broader sense, the development conveys the ideas of improvement, progress, well-being and an aspiration for a better life to articulate its vision for society as a whole.

Question 2.
Define ‘Development’ in a narrower sense?
Answer:
It refers to more limited goals such as to increase the rate of economic growth or modernising the society, i.e. construction of dams or hospitals or factories without any compensatory gains.

Question 3.
What is development?
Answer:
Development may be an increase in national economy or for others it may be social development or some others may feel it to be modernization.

Question 4.
What is underdevelopment?
Answer:
Underdevelopment refers to low level of living, productivity, income related to political, ecological and economic environment tends to result in low level of life. But it can be reversed by making changes in social, economic and political structures.

Question 5.
What is democratic participation?
Answer:
Democratic participation refers to the right of people to participate in decision-making of political affairs.

Question 6.
How can you define development?
Answer:

  • Development is a multidimensional process involving changes in structures, attitudes, institutions and acceleration of economic growth, reduction of inequality and eradication of poverty.
  • It may be transformation from traditional society to modernization.

Question 7.
Give the definition of development given by Riggs?
Answer:
Riggs, “Development involves the ability to choose whether or not to increase outputs, whether or not to raise levels of per capita income or to direct energies to other goals, to the more equitable distribution of what is available to spiritual values or qualitatively different kinds of outputs.”

Question 8.
How can we say that different models of development adopted on different nations have been the subject of debate and criticism?
Answer:

  • On the grounds of just distribution whether the benefits and burdens of development priorities have democratically been made or not.
  • Models adopted in different countries also have become the subject of criticism to put forward alternative models of development.

Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 NCERT Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the welfare model in crisis?
Answer:

  • A welfare state provides basic needs of the people and at least employment to one and all in the society in the fields of industrial development, social welfare, environment, security and defence.
  • This crisis takes place in stagnant economy to be devoid of scope for further expansion.

It examples:

  • In Europe and America, strong political movement oppose the welfare state where neo-liberals want to go back to the market model of development.
  • Market model of development increased unemployment and inflation resulting political violence and racism.
  • In India, Dalit politics wants quick economic and social results and not contended to wait.

Question 2.
What is modernization?
Answer:

  • It is a systematic process involving complementary change in the demographic, social, economic and political sectors of society to increase material standard of living and subsidiary phenomenon, etc.
  • Modernization is the goal to be achieved by the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America to be meant development in all fields of life, i.e. towards modernization.
  • Modernization is an onward phenomena, a forward movement or a movement towards an economic diversification within an industrial technology, heightened social mobility and towards impersonal and rationalised social relationships.

Question 3.
What are the alternative concepts of development?
Answer:

  • Unequal distribution of costs and benefits of development on the huge costs of human and environment.
  • The ‘top-down’ strategy adopted by countries decide the development projects and implementation of development by the higher level of political leadership and bureaucracy.
  • The peoples who are normally affected by the development projects are hardly consulted.
  • Even people’s experience and knowledge are also not taken into account along with their interests.

Question 4.
What are the characteristics of development?
Answer:

  • Development is a dyr imic concept involving ever changing and ever evolving nature to be needed with some improvement.
  • Development is a multidimensional concept not only limited to economic spheres, but to political and social spheres also.
  • Development implies growth where all societies keep growing in the process of ever change and ever evolution.
  • Development is closely related to technology to make society and a nation more advanced.
  • Development provides a rational and reason bound society in place of traditionally or religiously bound society.
  • Development refers a sustainable growth to grow a country in peaceful and harmonious way.

Question 5.
‘The process of development also have an affect on life style of people’. Justify.
Answer:

  • Development should not be considered in reference of materialistic approach only but in terms happiness, harmony and satisfaction of essential requirements also.
  • Efforts should be made to conserve natural resources to use renewable sources of energy up to possible extent.

Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 NCERT Passage-Based Questions

Passage 1.
Read the passage (NCERT Textbook, page 149) given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Just imagine that a hidden treasure is found in your backyard. How will you feel if the treasure is taken away little by little by authorities in the name of development? This development is not reflected in your standard of living or even in facilities for the colony you stay in. Further, your house as a site for the treasure is constantly vandalised by people who claim to use the treasure for development. Isn’t it gross injustice for the people in whose house the treasure has been unearthed?

Oil had been found in the region of Ogoni in Nigeria in 1950s which resulted in crude oil exploration. Soon economic growth and big business created around it an entangled web of political intrigues, environmental problems and corruption. This prevented development of the very region where oil had been found.

Ken Saro-Wiwa, an Ogoni by birth, was recognised as an author, journalist and television producer in the 1980s. In his work, he observed and reacted to the exploitation around him as the oil and gas industry took riches from beneath the feet of the poor Ogoni farmers, and in return left the land polluted and the people disenfranchised.

Saro-Wiwa led a non-violent struggle with the launch of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) in 1990 — an open, grassroots community-based political movement. The movement was so effective, that by 1993 the oil companies had to pull out of Ogoni. But Saro-Wiwa paid the price for this. The military rulers of Nigeria framed him in a murder case and the military tribunal sentenced him to death. Saro-Wiwa said that the military rulers were doing this on behest of Shell, the multi-national oil company that had to withdraw from the Ogoni region. Human rights organisations all over the world protested against this trial and appealed for his release. Ignoring this world-wide protest, the Nigerian rulers executed Ken Saro-Wiwa in 1995.

Questions:
1. Who was ken Saro-Wiwa?
2. Mention some great activities of Ken Saro-Wiwa?
3. How was Ken Saro-Wiwa was framed and executed by authoritarian rulers of his country?
Answers:
1. Ken Saro-Wiwa, an Ogoni by birth was recognised as an author, journalist and television producer in 1980’s.

2. Ken Saro Wiwa led a non-violent struggle with the launch of the movement for the survival of the ogoni people (mosop) in 1990-an open, grassroots community based political movement to be effective by 1993 which pulled out oil companies from ogoni but Sara-Wiwa paid the price for this.

3. The military rulers of Nigeria framed him in murder case and military tribunal sentenced him to death. Human rights organisations all over the world protested against his trial and appealed to release him. But ignoring all these Ken Saro Wiwa was executed in 1995 by Nigerian rulers.

Passage 2.
Read the passage (NCERT Textbook, page 156) given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The idea of development refers to the desire for a better life. This is a very powerful desire and the hope of improvement is a driving force of human action. In this chapter we have seen how widely accepted versions of what constitutes improvement have come under critical scrutiny. There is a multi-pronged search for a more equitable, sustainable and democratic model of development. In the process, a number of concepts of political theory such as equality, democracy and rights, have been reinterpreted.

The issues that have arisen while pursuing the goal of development reveal that the choices we make have an impact upon others human beings and other species in the world. We must therefore see ourselves as part of the larger universe for our fates are linked together. Besides, my actions not only affect others, they also have an impact upon my own future possibilities. We need therefore to choose carefully, keeping in mind not just our present needs but also our long-term interests.

Questions:
1. What is the idea of development?
2. What are the main concepts of political theory?
3. What should be kept in mind vchile making choices regarding development?
Answers:
1. It refers to the desire for a better life and the hope of improvement as a driving force in a human action.

2. Equality, democratic rights and participation in political affairs by peoples.

3. 1. One’s actions does not only affect others but have an impact upon one’s future possibilities also.
2. To keep in mind, the present needs and long term interests also.

Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 NCERT Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a sustainable development? Elaborate.
Answer:
Sustainable development meets the well-being needs of present and future generations to be concerned with evolution over a long period of time focusing on stability issues and structural changes resulting in qualitative characteristics of a state.

Sustainable development is a process of change in which exploitation of resources, direction of investment, the orientation of technological changes are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations.

Sustainable development balances the claims of present generation with claims of future generation:

  • In the past decade a shift has taken place from partial environmental analysis to a focus on the global effects of environmental decay-reflected among other things in alarming phenomenon such as flooding, acid rain, soil erosion, destruction of ozone layer, ocean pollution, etc.
  • Resource conservation and pollution control are now recognised as essential to protect life supporting natural systems and to improve living standard.
  • Principle of sustainable development would necessarily require a fundamental change in thinking.
  • The decision making must reflect the true cost of resource depletion and pollution to effect future generations rather than just the short term costs of profits of depleting income producing resources.
  • Sustainable development is an alternative to the development of any cost to be identified with the drive to modernisation of earlier decades.

Its examples:

  • Deforestation may be necessary for agricultural development in a regional economy like Brazil, but it can be detrimental to the global ecological stability.
  • To cope with the growing problems of land pressure in India, it requires to check and control the population growth rate, to ensure balanced livestock development and control and alienation, etc.

Question 2.
What measures can be adopted to maintain sustainable development?
Answer:

  • To maintain ecosystem and related ecological processes for function of biosphere.
  • To maintain biological diversity by ensuring the survival and promoting the conservation in their natural habitats of species of flora and fauna.
  • To observe the principle of optimum sustainable yield in the exploitation of living natural resources and ecosystems.
  • To prevent significant environment harms.
  • To make all relevant information public without delay in the cases of harmful radioactive releases or pollutants, etc.
  • To establish environmental protection standards.
  • To require prior assessments to ensure that major law policies, projects and technological contributions to make sustainable development.

Question 3.
What are the strategies for maintenance of sustainable development?
Answer:
To sustain the development, the following strategies have been formulated:
Population challenge and strategy:
(a) Population growth increases the demand for goods and services but it can increase environmental damage also.
(b) Population control is required:

  • Access to family planning services to be increased.
  • Income of poor households must rise.
  • Child mortality must decline.
  • Educational and employment opportunities must also expand especially for women.

Water and Sanitation:

  • Water resources should be managed for optimum utilization, i.e. efficient allocation of river basins, use of irrigation water in an efficient manner, etc.
  • Investment in sanitation should he made for sewage collection than on its treatment.
  • Institutional arrangements should be improved, i.e. utilities need to be made more autonomous and accountable for their performance and should be placed on sound financial footing.

Emissions from Industry, Transport and Energy Pollutants:

  • Household energy pollution should be reduced by use of biomass stoves, clean cols, and a transition to gas, electricity and solar energy.
  • Reduction in pollution from electric power generation also requires both improved management and investment in abotement technologies. Because shifting of natural gas and using clean cool technologies can reduce emissions of particulates and carbon monoxide, etc.
  • Pollution from transport and industries should also be reduced by the use of new technologies and investment in pollution control equipment’s.
  • Renewable sources of energy should be encouraged for best long term prospects, etc., i.e. solar energy, wind energy,
  • etc.

Rural environmental concerns:

  • To prevent resource degradation
  • To preserve valuable natural forests, wetlands, coastal areas, grasslands for future generations.
  • Local communities must be involved in devising and implementing conservation and development projects.

Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 NCERT Picture-Based Questions

1. Read the cartoon (NCERT Textbook, page 146) given below and answer the questions that follow:
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 10 Development 1
Questions:
1. What does the cartoon represent?
2. What does the statement referred in cartoon ‘ x imply?
Answers:
1. The worries of displaced people due to urbanization and construction.

2. The people likely to be displaced due to any big project are not going to accept their fate positively with the thought of ruined economically, socially, culturally also.

Political Science Class 11 NCERT Solutions

Class 11 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 11 Water in the Atmosphere

Class 11 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 11 Water in the Atmosphere

Class 11 Geography Chapter 11 NCERT Textbook Questions Solved

1. Multiple choice questions.

Question 1(i).
Which one of the following is the most important constituent of the atmosphere for human beings?
(a) Water vapour
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Dust particle
(d) Oxygen.
Answer:
(a) Water vapour

Question 1(ii).
Which one of the following process is responsible for transforming liquid into vapour?
(a) Condensation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Evaporation
(d) Precipitation.
Answer:
(c) Evaporation

Question 1(iii).
The air that contains moisture to its full capacity:
(a) Relative humidity
(b) Specific humidity
(c) Absolute humidity
(d) Saturated air.
Answer:
(d) Saturated air.

Question 1(iv).
Which one of the following is the highest cloud in the sky?
(a) Cirrus
(b) Stratus
(c) Nimbus
(d) Cumulus.
Answer:
(a) Cirrus

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

Question 2(i).
Name the three types of precipitation.
Answer:
There are many forms of precipitation like dew, fog, rainfall, snowfall, hailstones etc.

  • Rainfall: The precipitation in the form of water is called rainfall.
  • Snowfall: When the temperature is lower than the 0°C, precipitation takes place in the form of fine flakes of snow and is called snowfall.
  • Hailstones: Sometimes, drops of rain after being released by the clouds become solidified into small rounded solid pieces of ice and which reach the surface of the earth are called hailstones.

Question 2(ii).
Explain relative humidity.
Answer:
The percentage of moisture present in the atmosphere as compared to its full capacity at a given temperature is known as the relative humidity. It is highest over oceans and lowest over continents. With the change of air temperature, the capacity to retain moisture increases or decreases and the relative humidity is also affected.

Question 2(iii).
Why does the amount of water vapour decreases rapidly with altitude?
Answer:
The quantity of water vapour existing in the air depends upon the rate of evaporation and the temperature of the air which determines its holding capacity of water vapour. Both temperature and evaporation decreases with altitude and as a result water vapour also decreases rapidly with altitude.

Question 2(iv).
How are clouds formed? Classify them.
Answer:
Cloud is a mass of minute water droplets or tiny crystals of ice formed by the condensation of the water vapour in free air at considerable elevations. As the clouds are formed at some height over the surface of the earth, they take various shapes. According to their height, expanse, density and transparency or opaqueness clouds are grouped under four types :

  • cirrus
  • cumulus
  • stratus
  • nimbus.

3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

Question 3(i).
Discuss the salient features of the world distribution of precipitation.
Answer:
Salient features of the world distribution of precipitation are given below:

1. Different places on the earth’s surface receive different amounts of rainfall in a year and that too in different seasons. In general, as we proceed from the equator towards the poles, rainfall
goes on decreasing steadily. The coastal areas of the world receive greater amounts of rainfall than the interior of the continents. The rainfall is more over the oceans than on the landmasses of the world.

2. Between the latitudes 35° and 40° N and S of the equator, the rain is heavier on the eastern coasts and goes on decreasing towards the west. But, between 45° and 65° N and S of equator, the rainfall is first received on the western margins of the continents and it goes on decreasing towards the east.

3. In some regions rainfall is distributed evenly throughout the year such as in the equatorial belt and in the western parts of cool temperate regions. .

4. On the basis of the total amount of annual precipitation, major precipitation regimes of the world are identified as follows.

  • The equatorial belt, the windward slopes of the mountains along the western coasts in the cool temperate zone and the coastal areas of the monsoon land receive heavy rainfall of over 200 cm per annum.
  • Interior continental areas receive moderate rainfall varying from 100-200 cm per annum.
  • The coastal areas of the continents receive moderate amount of rainfall.
  • The central parts of the tropical land and the eastern and interior parts of the temperate lands receive rainfall varying between 50-100 cm per annum.
  • Areas lying in the rain shadow zone of the interior of the continents and high latitudes receive very low rainfall-less than 50 cm per annum.

Question 3(ii).
What are forms of condensation? Describe the process of dew and frost formation.
Answer:
Condensation: The transformation of water vapour into water is called condensation. Condensation is caused by the loss of heat. When the water vapour or the moisture in the atmosphere takes one of the following forms — dew, frost, fog and clouds. Forms of condensation can be classified on the basis of temperature and location. Condensation takes place when the dew point is lower than the freezing point as well as higher than the freezing point.

  • Dew: When the moisture is deposited in the form of water droplets on cooler surfaces of solid objects (rather than nuclei in air above the surface) such as stones, grass blades and plant leaves, it is known as dew.
  • Frost: Frost forms on cold surfaces when condensation takes place below freezing point (CPC), i.e. the dew point is at or below the freezing point.
  • Fog and Mist: When the temperature of an air mass containing a large quantity of water vapour falls all of a sudden, condensation takes place within itself on fine dust particles. So, the fog is a cloud with its base at or very near to the ground.
  • Smog: Such a condition when fog is mixed with smoke, is described as smog.
  • Clouds: Cloud is a mass of minute water droplets or tiny crystals of ice formed by the condensation of the water vapour in free air at considerable elevations. As the clouds are formed at some height over the surface of the earth, they take various shapes.

Class 11 Geography Chapter 11 NCERT Extra Questions

Class 11 Geography Chapter 11 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What do we say to the amount of water vapours present in atmosphere?
(a) Saturation
(b) Humidity
(c) Dew Points
(d) Dew.
Answer:
(b) Humidity

Question 2.
The temperature at which saturation occurs in a given sample of air is known as what?
(a) Saturation
(b) Humidity
(c) Dew Point
(d) Dew.
Answer:
(c) Dew point

Question 3.
Conversion of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Fog
(b) Condensation
(c) Dew
(d) Humidity.
Answer:
(b) Condensation

Question 4.
What do we call to a situation where fog with smoke is found?
(a) Fog
(b) Smog
(c) Dew
(d) Humidity.
Answer:
(b) Smog

Question 5.
What is the absolute amount of water vapours present in atmosphere called?
(a) Absolute humidity
(b) Relative humidity
(c) Condensation
(d) Fog.
Answer:
(a) Absolute humidity

Question 6.
At what height are cirrus clouds formed?
(a) 8000-12000 metres
(b) 3000-5000 metres
(c) 6000-9000 metres
(d) 4000-7000 metres.
Answer:
(a) 8000-12000 metres

Question 7.
At what height are cumulus clouds formed?
(а) 8000-12000 metres
(б) 3000-5000 metres
(c) 6000-9000 metres
(d) 4000-7000 metres.
Answer:
(d) 4000-7000 metres

Question 8.
When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to ascend and as it rises, it expands; the temperature falls, and the moisture is condensed. It is also known as what?
(a) Relief rain
(b) Cyclonic rain
(c) Hailstones
(d) Rainfall.
Answer:
(a) Relief rain

Question 9.
In atmosphere density of water vapour varies. To what per cent does it vary?
(a) 0 – 4%
(b) 5-10%
(c) 7-12%
(d) 9-15%.
Answer:
(a) 0-4%

Question 10.
The temperature at which the water starts evaporating is referred to as:
(a) Dew point
(b) The latent heat of vapourisation
(c) High temperature
(d) Condensation.
Answer:
(b) The latent heat of vapourisation

Question 11.
Interior continental areas receive:
(a) Heavy rainfall
(b) Moderate rainfall
(c) Low rainfall
(d) Cyclonic rainfall.
Answer:
(b) Moderate rainfall.

Class 11 Geography Chapter 11 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is smog?
Answer:
Such a condition when fog is mixed with smoke, is described as smog.

Question 2.
How is humidity received in atmosphere?
Answer:
The moisture in the atmosphere is derived from water bodies through evaporation and from plants through transpiration.

Question 3.
What is relative humidity?
Answer:
The percentage of moisture present in the atmosphere as compared to its full capacity at a given temperature is known as the relative humidity.

Question 4.
What is absolute humidity?
Answer:
The actual amount of the water vapour present in the atmosphere is known as the absolute humidity. It is the weight of water vapour per unit volume of air and is expressed in terms of grams per cubic metre.

Question 5.
By what processes there a continuous exchange of water between the atmosphere, the oceans and the continents?
Answer:
There is a continuous exchange of water between the atmosphere, the oceans and the continents through the processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation.

Question 6.
How are clouds classified?
Answer:
According to their height, expanse, density and transparency or opaqueness clouds are grouped under four types :

  1. cirrus;
  2. cumulus;
  3. stratus;
  4. nimbus.

A combination of these four basic types can give rise to the following types of clouds: high clouds cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus; middle clouds—altostratus and altocumulus; low clouds—stratocumulus and nimbostratus and clouds with extensive vertical development cumulus and cumulonimbus.

Question 7.
When does condensation take place?
Answer:
The transformation of water vapour into water is called condensation. Condensation is caused by the loss of heat.

Question 8.
What are the suitable conditions for making of dew?
Answer:
The ideal conditions for its formation are clear sky, calm air, high relative humidity, and cold and long nights. For the formation of dew, it is necessary that the dew point is above the freezing point.

Question 9.
What are hailstones?
Answer:
Sometimes, drops of rain after being released by the clouds become solidified into small rounded solid pieces of ice and which reach the surface of the earth are called hailstones.

Question 10.
What is rain shadow area?
Answer:
The area situated on the leeward side, which gets less rainfall is known as the rain-shadow area.

Question 11.
What is precipitation?
Answer:
After the condensation of water vapour, the release of moisture is known as precipitation. This may take place in liquid or solid form.

Question 12.
What is convectional rain?
Answer:
Convectional Rain: The air on being heated, becomes light and rises up in convection currents. As it rises, it expands and loses heat and consequently, condensation takes place and cumulous clouds are formed. With thunder and lightening, heavy rainfall takes place but this does not last for long.

Question 13.
What factors influence the process of condensation?
Answer:
Condensation is influenced by the volume of air, temperature, pressure and humidity. Condensation takes place:

  • when the temperature of the air is reduced to dew point with its volume remaining constant;
  • when both the volume and the temperature are reduced;
  • when moisture is added to the air through evaporation.

Class 11 Geography Chapter 11 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name and define three important types of rainfall.
Answer:
On the basis of origin, rainfall may be classified into three main types:

  1. The convectional rain
  2. Orographic or relief rain and
  3. Cyclonic or frontal rainfall

1. Convectional rain: The air on being heated, becomes light and rises up in convection currents. As it rises, it expands and loses heat and consequently, condensation takes place and cumulous clouds are formed. With thunder and lightening, heavy rainfall takes place but this does not last for long.
Such rain is common in the summer or in the hotter part of the day. It is very common in the equatorial regions and interior parts of the continents, particularly in the northern hemisphere.

2. Orographic rain: When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to ascend and as it rises, it expands; the temperature falls, and the moisture is condensed. In this sort of rain the windward slopes receive greater rainfall. After giving rain on the windward side, when these winds reach the other slope, they descend, and their temperature rises. Then their capacity to take in moisture increases and hence, these leeward slopes remain rainless and dry. The area situated on the leeward side, which gets less rainfall is known as the rain-shadow area. It is also known as the relief rain.

3. Cyclonic rainfall: These rains take place in low pressure areas where air moves from low pressure area to high pressure are a and this movement brings rainfall.

Question 2.
Explain the process of evaporation.
Answer:
Evaporation is a process by which water is transformed from liquid to gaseous state. Heat is the main cause for evaporation. The temperature at which the water starts evaporating is referred to as the latent heat of vapourisation. Increase in temperature increases water absorption and retention capacity of the given parcel of air. Similarly, if the moisture content is low, air has a potentiality of absorbing and retaining moisture. Movement of air replaces the saturated layer with the unsaturated layer. Hence, the greater the movement of air, the greater is the evaporation.

Question 3.
Explain cyclonic rain.
Answer:
Air expands when heated and gets compressed when cooled. This results in variations in the atmospheric pressure. The result is that it causes the movement of air from high pressure to low pressure, setting the air in motion. Air in horizontal motion is wind. Atmospheric pressure also determines when the air will rise or sink. The wind redistributes the heat and moisture across the planet, thereby, maintaining a constant temperature for the planet as a whole. The vertical rising of moist air cools it down to form the clouds and bring precipitation. It is called cyclonic rain.

Question 4.
Differentiate between
Answer:
(i) Precipitation and Condensation.

Basis Precipitation Condensation
Meaning After the condensation of water vapour, the release of moisture is known as precipitation. This may take place in liquid or solid form. The transformation of water vapour into water is called condensation. Condensation is caused by the loss of heat.
Sequence Precipitation takes place after condensation. Condensation takes place before precipitation.
Forms It may take form of rainfall, snowfall, hailstorms, sleet etc. It may take form of dew, smog, clouds, fog and mist etc.

(ii) Absolute humidity and Relative humidity.

Basis Absolute Humidity Relative Humidity
Meaning The actual amount of the water vapour present in the atmosphere is known as the absolute humidity. The percentage of moisture present in the atmosphere as compared to its full capacity at a given temperature is known as the relative humidity.
Unit It is the weight of water vapour per unit volume of air and is expressed in terms of grams per cubic metre. It is measured in percentage and hence is unit free.

(iii) Convection rain and Relief rain.

Basis Convection Rain Relief Rain
Meaning The, air on being heated, becomes light and rises up in convection currents. As it rises, it expands and loses heat and consequently, condensation takes place and cumulous clouds are formed. With thunder and lightening, heavy rainfall takes place but this does not last for long. When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to ascend and as it rises, it expands; the temperature falls, and the moisture is condensed. In this sort of rain is that the windward slopes receive greater rainfall. After giving rain on the windward side, when these winds reach the other slope, they descend, and their temperature rises. Then their capacity to take in moisture increases and hence, these leeward slopes remain rainless and dry.
Timing Such rain is common in the summer or in the hotter part of the day. Such rain is common in winters.
Prevalent It is very common in the equatorial regions and interior parts of the continents, particularly in the northern hemisphere. It is very common in terrestrial regions.

(iv) Fog and Mist.

Basis Fog Mist
Meaning Fogs are drier than mist. The mist contains more moisture than the fog.
Prevalent They are prevalent where warm currents of air come in contact with cold currents. Mists are frequent over mountains as the warm air rising up the slopes meets a cold surface.
Structure In mist each nuclei contains a thicker layer of moisture. Fogs are mini clouds in which condensation takes place around nuclei provided by the dust, smoke, and the salt particles.

Class 11 Geography Chapter 11 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain about condensation in detail.
Answer:
1. Meaning: The transformation of water vapour into water is called condensation. Cause: Condensation is caused by the loss of heat.

2. Sublimation: When moist air is cooled, it may reach a level when its capacity to hold water vapour ceases. Then, the excess water vapour condenses into liquid form. If it directly condenses into solid form, it is known as sublimation.

3. Process: In free air, condensation results from cooling around very small particles termed as hygroscopic condensation nuclei. Particles of dust, smoke and salt from the ocean are particularly good nuclei because they absorb water. Condensation also takes place when the moist air comes in contact with some colder object and it may also take place when the temperature is close to the dew point. Condensation, therefore, depends upon the amount of cooling and the relative humidity of the air.

Factors affecting condensation:

  • When the temperature of the air is reduced to dew point with its volume remaining constant;
  • When both the volume and the temperature are reduced;
  • When moisture is added to the air through evaporation.

However, the most favourable condition for condensation is the decrease in air temperature. After condensation the water vapour or the moisture in the atmosphere takes form of dew, frost, fog and clouds.

Question 2.
Explain about fog and mist.
Answer:
When the temperature of an air mass containing a large quantity of water vapour falls all of a sudden, condensation takes place within itself on fine dust particles. So, the fog is a cloud with its base at or very near to the ground.

  • Because of the fog and mist, the visibility becomes poor to zero. In urban and industrial centres smoke provides plenty of nuclei which help in the formation of fog and mist.
  • Such a condition when fog is mixed with smoke, is described as smog.
  • The only difference between the mist and fog is that mist contains more moisture than the fog.
  • In mist each nuceli contains a thicker layer of moisture. Mists are frequent over mountains as the warm air rises up the slopes and meets a cold surface.
  • Fogs are drier than mist and they are prevalent where warm currents of air come in contact with cold currents. Fogs are mini clouds in which condensation takes place around nuclei provided by the dust, smoke, and the salt particles.

Class 11 Geography Chapter 11 HOTS Questions

Question 1.
On the basis of rainfall received, in how many groups can we classify the world?
Answer:
On the basis of rainfall received, we can classify the world into five groups.

  1. The equatorial belt, the windward slopes of the mountains along the western coasts in the cool temperate zone and the coastal areas of the monsoon land receive heavy rainfall of over 200 cm per annum.
  2. Interior continental areas receive moderate rainfall varying from 100 – 200 cm per annum.
  3. The coastal areas of the continents receive moderate amount of rainfall.
  4. The central parts of the tropical land and the eastern and interior parts of the temperate lands receive rainfall varying between 50-100 cm per annum.
  5. Areas lying in the rain shadow zone of the interior of the continents and high latitudes receive very low rainfall-less than 50 cm per annum.

Question 2.
Use a diagram to explain the process of evaporation.
Answer:
Evaporation is a process by which water is transformed from liquid to gaseous state. Heat is the main cause for evaporation. Movement of air replaces the saturated layer with the unsaturated layer. Hence, the greater the movement of air, the greater is the evaporation.
Class 11 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 11 Water in the Atmosphere HOTS Q2

Class 11 Geography NCERT Solutions

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 Set-I

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 70

SECTION – B
(WRITING SKILLS WITH GRAMMAR) 25

Question 3.
There is a busy road in front of your school. A large number of students have to cross the road while going back home. They run a great risk. Write a letter in 100 -120 words to the Editor, Navjiwan Times, Agra drawing attention of the concerned authorities to the problem. Make a request to mark a zebra crossing and to put traffic lights in front of your school. You are Amit/Anita, Class X, New Age Public School, Ram Nagar, Agra. [1 × 5 = 5]
OR
Write an article in 100 – 150 words on ‘Importance of Morning Walk.’ Your are Amit/Anita. Use the following clues :

  • makes you rise early
  • fresh air
  • blood rushes through your body
  • energy for the day
  • hungry for breakfast
  • good for studies
  • all day active Answer:

New Age Public School
Ram Nagar
Agra
16th Aug 20xx
The Editor,
The Navjiwan Times,
Agra
Sub – Need of Zebra crossing and traffic lights
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I want to draw the attention of the concerned authorities to the problem of unruly traffic in front of our school.
The road near New Age School is always jam packed. Everybody seems to be a road racer. Increasing vehicles and indisciplined driving make it difficult for the students to cross the road while going back to home. Multitudes of vehicles, scooters, cars, three wheelers, block the road as there is no traffic light. Patience, courtesy and sympathy seem to have gone away from the minds of drivers.
It is in the safety and interest of students if concerned authorities install traffic light on this junction and also mark zebra crossing. This will ensure safety of the students.
I hope, the concerned authorities will take action and do the needful.
Yours faithfully Amit/Anita
OR
IMPORTANCE OF MORNING WALK
By Amit / Anita
Walking has its own delights. One gets optimum benefits from walking. ‘Sound mind in a sound body’ is the saying that stresses the need of remaining healthy. Walking has its own contribution to make a person healthy. It is the easiest, the cheapest and the best way to remain fit and healthy. It has many benefits. It is a panacea for our survival. While taking a walk, we get pure and clean air that provides life to our lungs and rejuvenates power in our mind. A walk in the morning helps in regulating our blood circulation and regenerates our lost energy. Most of the ailments in our body subside, stress reduces and we become tension free. It regulates our appetite and smoothens our digestive system. The chirping of the birds, calm atmosphere, greenery and blooming flowers add charm and life to our survival. Nature uplifts our mood. Being in nature is like a communication with God. We should enjoy and avail this very gift of God provided
to human beings and make full use of our legs to keep ourselves fit. It gives a headstart of the day.

Question 4.
Write a story in 150 – 200 words based on the following outline : [1 × 10 = 10]
two cats — hungry — a loaf of bread — can’t divide — each greedy — wants move — a clever monkey — offered to help — bit by bit — ate the bread — his fee — bread finished — cats foolish — still hungry.
OR
Complete the story in 150 – 200 words which begins as the following:
It was a family picnic. The picnic spot was the
bank of a river
Answer:
THE MONKEY’S JUSTICE
One day two cats found a loaf of bread. Both of them were very hungry. The first cat wanted to have it all for himself. He jumped at it and picked it up. Another one tired to snatch it away from him.

The first cat asked him to keep away as he was the first one to pick it up. But the other cat claimed that he had seen it first so it was his. Both of them wanted to have it and were not able to divide.

Just then a monkey was passing by. He understood the problem. He offered to help and settle their problem. He said that he will give two equal parts of the bread to each one of them.

The cats agreed and let him solve the issue. They gave him the bread. The monkey made two parts of the bread. Then he shook his head and said, “These two parts are not equal. This one is bigger than the other one.’ He ate a bit of the bigger part. But again the parts were not equal. So he ate a bit of the bigger part again to make the two parts equal. This went on till only small pieces of the bread were left. Then the monkey said to the cats that it was his fee and he ate those small pieces too and went away. The foolish cats were left hungry.
OR
It was a family picnic. The picnic spot was the bank of a river. We went there by car. We had taken fruits, sweets, sandwiches and biscuits with us. Our plan was to go for boating. When we reached there, we selected a shady tree to sit and spread our mats under it. First, we took some snacks and then played games. After a round of games, we started singing songs. It was when we were singing, my younger brother noticed some smoke at a distance. It was coming from a flour mill. Initially, we did not pay any attention to it. But then we could see thin flames also in the rear part of the building too. Slowly, it took a bigger shape. Now, there was panic all over. Employers of the mill were running here and there.
We were horrified. My father and uncle went towards the site to see how they can help in this situation. They sent for a fire brigade. Workers of the mill were using fire extinguishers to bring the fire in control. But their attempts to quench the fire seemed useless.

Machines began to crack. Sparks of fire were spreading and clouds of smoke could be seen in the air. Then to the relief of everyone, there came the fire brigade. The people in fire brigade bravely fought with the flames and at last, the fire was brought under control. When we reached near the scene of destruction, we were horrified. Beams and machines were all rolled into the heap. There was a chaos everywhere. Smell of the smoke was nauseating. It was a tragic scene. Few workers had been badly burnt. They were rushed to the hospital. After helping the people over there, we came back home with a heavy heart. Devastation and cries of the people still echoes in my head.

Question 5.
Complete the paragraph given below by filling in the blanks with the help of the options that follow: [1 × 3 = 3]
I met a smart young person (a) ___ wanted a ‘selfie’ (b) ___ me. So we (c) ___ on top of a boundary wall.
(a)
(i) which
(ii) who
(iii) whose
(iv) whom
(b)
(i) with
(ii) on
(iii) for
(iv) to
(c)
(i) sit
(ii) sits
(iii) sat
(iv) sitting
Answer:
(a)
(ii) who
(b)
(i) with
(c)
(iii) sat

Question 6.
The following paragraph has not been edited. There is an error in each line. Write the error and its correction as shown in the example. [1 × 4 = 4]
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 1
Answer:
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 2

Question 7.
Rearrange the following words/phrases given below to form meaningful sentences: [1 × 3 = 3]
(a) beautiful / Masha / dog / is a / young.
(b) praised / she / be / to / likes.
(c) policeman / group / works / of / with a / she
Answer:
(a) Masha is a young beautiful dog.
(b) She likes to be praised.
(c) She works with a group of policemen.

SECTION – C

(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOKS AND
LONG READING TEXT) 25

Question 8.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: [1 × 3 = 3]
“But I can get a hair-dye
And set such colour there,
Brown, or black, or carrot,
That young men is despair
May love me for myself alone
And not my yellow hair.”
(a) Who is speaking these lines ?
(b) Why are young men in despair ?
(c) What is the antonym of the word, ‘despair’?
OR
“Please don’t shout! You can shout yourself hoarse in your own house but here I must ask you to restrain yourself!”
(a) Who is speaking and to whom ?
(b) What is the dispute over ?
(c) What does the word, ‘restrain’ mean ?
Answer:
(a) The poet’s friend, a young woman, is the speaker of these lines.
(b) The young men are in love with the young woman, who is the speaker, and want to win her love. The young woman does not respond to their love and so the young men are in despaiz.
(c) The antonym of the word ‘despair7 is ‘hope’
OR
(a) Natalya is speaking to Lomov.
(b) The dispute is between Lomov and Natalya over the ownership of Oxen Meadows.
(c) The word ‘restrain’ means check or control.

Question 9.
Answer the following question in 30 – 40 words each. [2 × 4 = 8]
(a) What do the elders in Goa still love to remember?
(b) What are the three things that can’t happen in a treeless forest ?
(c) Why was Mathilda always unhappy after her marriage ?
(d) How did Richard Ebright’s mother help him ?
Answer:
(a) The elders in Goa still love to remember the good old Portuguese days. They remember the loaves of bread as well as the makers of bread; the people who mixed the flour to make bread, the molders who molded the flour. They still remember the furnaces and the sounds of the baker’s bamboo.
(b) A treeless forest is basically an empty forest. A forest devoid of trees means the absence of a living environment. An environment, which would have otherwise been alive with chirping birds, buzzing insects and sunrays on the forest floor.
(c) Mathilda was a discontented woman. She was born into a family of clerks. She had received no dowry and had no hopes of becoming famous. Mathilda was married to a clerk but she wanted to enjoy a life of luxury just like her rich friends who had money and power.
(d) Richard Ebright was curious as well as bright. His mother played a pivotal role in encouraging his interest to learn. She took him on trips. She also brought him telescopes, microscopes, cameras, mounting materials as well as other equipment. She pushed him to learn more and explore the environment around him.

Question 10.
Answer the following question in 80 – 100 words [1 × 4 = 4]
Whenever we want to achieve something difficulties always come in our way. What did Valli have to do to go and ride in a bus ?
OR
Education is always a great asset in the life of a woman. How did Bholi, an educated girl, face the challenge posed by Bishambar’s greed ?
Answer:
Ambition is the key to the fulfillment of one’s needs. One must always be ambitious in life. Valli was a simple girl who had ambitions. Her greatest ambition or her growing desire was to ride a bus. This desire stemmed from watching the bus pass through her village everyday. All this intrigued her. To undertake her first bus journey, she did her bit of research. She watched the bus, took a note of its schedule and listened to people’s conversations about their journey by bus. She even found out the fare of the bus, which was 30 paise for a trip. Gradually, she used all of this information to collect money for the bus fare as well as to undertake her first bus journey.

Education is always a great asset especially in the life of a woman. Education brings about a change in the quality of life of a woman. Education also helps in changing the outlook of a woman, the way she perceives things and how she responds to situations. Bholi was a simple girl. She had pockmarks on her face as a result of which, she was shunned for her looks. Her parents as well as the villagers neglected her. She was sent to school where she received great encouragement from her teacher. Despite her education, she did not get any marriage prospects mainly due to her looks. Bishambar, her prospective husband, was a lame old man who was greedy for Bholi’s money. Bholi however, took a bold step and rejected Bishambar’s marriage proposal. She promised to serve her parents in their old age and went back to teach in the school in which she studied.

Question 11.
Answer the following question in 150 – 200 words: [1 × 10 = 10]
How did Miss Sullivan help Helen Keller when she was studying at Cambridge School ?
OR
Attempt a character sketch of Mr. Gilman.**
OR
Describe the difference between Anne’s and Margot’s feelings for Peter.**
OR
Why did Anne like her father more than she liked her mother ?**

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 Set-II

Note : All questions except the following questions been already asked in the previous sets.

SECTION -B
(WRITING SKILLS WITH GRAMMAR) 25

Question 4.
Write a story in 150 – 200 words based on the following outline: [1 × 10 = 10]
a fox — hungry — went into a garden — looking for food — a grapevine — ripe grapes — jumped to pluck — couldn’t reach — fell down — jumped again — fell down — tried again and again — failed — said grapes are sour — don’t like them.
OR
Complete the story in 150 – 200 words which begins as the following:
Ham and Mohan, two brothers, studied in a village school. On day they were returning from the school. On the way there was a forest
Answer:
THE FOX AND THE GRAPES
Once there was a fox. He was very hungry. He went into a garden in search of food. After looking for a while, he found a grapevine. He saw bunches of riped grapes hanging on the vines and his mouth started watering. Somehow, he wanted to eat those grapes. He jumped and stretched out to reach the grapes but he found them rather too high. So he jumped again to pluck them but couldn’t reach.

He tried to pluck the grapes many times but all went in vain. All his efforts to reach the grapes failed. He continued his efforts till he got completely tired. Then there came a point of time when he became hopeless. He gave up and said, “The grapes are sour. Who wants sour grapes?” The fox hated the grapes as he couldn’t have them.
OR
THE BEAR ENCOUNTER
Ram and Mohan, two brothers, studied in a village school. One day they were returning from the school. On the way, there was a forest. One day, when they were coming back from the school, something strange happened. When they reached in the middle of the forest, they heard the rustling of grass. They assumed that some wild animal was there. Soon, a bear appeared in front of them. The bear was approaching them. Both were in panic.

One of them ran and climbed up a tree. But the other one couldn’t run and climb. When he could not make out what to do, he laid down and pretended to be dead. The bear came, stopped, sniffed him and thought that he was dead. He left him and went away. The second brother who was lying on the ground, heaved a sigh of big relief. Now, the brother who had climbed up the tree came down. He was happy that he had climbed up the tree. He asked his brother what the bear had said to him in his ears. He gave him a curt reply and said that the bear had told him never to trust selfish people even if they are your own blood. The boy felt very ashamed of leaving his brother alone in time of danger. He realised his mistake and asked his brother to pardon him. [1 × 3 = 3]

Question 5.
Complete the paragraph given below by filling in the blanks with the help of the options that follow : [1 × 3 = 3]
Everyone is not in a position to (a) ___ the family and start living in a (b) ___ room on the banks (c) ___ the Ganga.
(a)
(i) leave
(ii) leaves
(iii) left
(iv) leaving
(b)
(i) small
(ii) smaller
(iii) smallest
(iv) little
(c)
(i) on
(ii) in
(iii) of
(iv) off
Answer:
(a)
(i) leave
(c)
(iii) of
(b)
(i) small

Question 6.
The following paragraph has not been edited. There is an error in each line. Write the error and its correction as shown in the example. [1 × 4 = 4]
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 3
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 4
Answer:
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 5

Question 7.
Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: [1 × 3 = 3]
(a) brains of dogs / US / a university / studied the / in the /.
(b) dogs used / like the humans / showed that / their brains / the study / .
(c) understand words / part of / is used to / their brains / the left / .
Answer:
(a) A university in the US studies the brains of dogs.
(b) The study showed that dogs used their brains like the humans.
(c) The left part of their brain is used to understand words.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 Set-III

Note : All questions except the following quesitons been already asked in the previous sets.

SECTION – B
(WRITING SKILLS WITH GRAMMAR) 25

Question 4.
Write a story in 150 – 200 words based on the following outline : [1 × 10 = 10]
a crow — thirsty — no water — saw, a jar half-full of water — beak could not reach — small stones — one by one — put into the jar — water level rose — drank water.
OR
Complete the story in 150 – 200 words which begins as the following:
Ram and Sham are two sons of a labourer. One day they came to know that their father had fallen from a small building and
Answer:
A THIRSTY CROW
It was the month of June. On a hot summer day, there was a crow who was very thirsty. His mouth was dry. His throat was burning. He flew from place to place in search of water but he could not find a single drop of water anywhere. After searching for a while he sat down disappointed. Rivers and lakes had all dried up.

At last, at a distance, he saw a jar of water. It was lying near a house. He went there and looked into it. It was half full. He could see the water but his beak could not reach it. He was frustrated.

Then an idea came into his mind. There were stones around. He picked up small stones, one by one, from the ground and dropped them into the jug. The water started coming up. Slowly, the water level rose to such a level that he could reach it easily. He drank the water, cawed happily and flew away.
Hence, the thirsty crow proved that where there is a will, there is a way.
OR
Ram and Sham are two sons of a labourer. One day they came to know that their father had fallen from a small building and got badly injured. They immediately ran to the site of the accident. They saw that their father was in great pain. With the help of people, they took him to the hospital. But getting him admitted in the hospital was difficult as they did not have money. Then they took him to a government hospital where there were good doctors and medical fees was not very high. After admitting their father in the hospital, they took charge of their family responsiblities.

Though, they were just twelve and thirteen years old, they opted to do jobs so that they could bear household and medical expenses. They sold fruit, did shoe polishing, sold newspapers, worked as a tourists guide and earned money. Every week, they went to the hospital to pay the bill* Their father was overwhelmed and grateful to them for doing so much. He blessed those noble souls all the time. Those two little gentlemen have proven that with determination, one can make the impossible thing possible. Adverse circumstances made them better not bitter. They did not give up, nor did they expect any help or obligation from anyone. They reminded the society that, “There is a solution to every problem.”

Question 5.
Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks with the help of the options that follow: [ 1 × 3 = 3]

Most men would have (a) ___ mad after one or two years (b) ___ loneliness. But he learnt to adjust to (c) ___ conditions.
(a)
(i) go
(ii) goes
(iii) went
(iv) gone
(b)
(i) of
(ii) in
(iii) into
(iv) on
(c)
(i) a
(ii) an
(iii) the
(iv) some
Answer:
(a)
(iv) gone
(b)
(i) of
(c)
(iii) the

Question 6.
The following paragraph has not been edited. There is an error in each line. Write the error and its correction as shown in the example. [1 × 4 = 4]
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 6
Answer:
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 English 2017 Delhi Term 2 7
Question 7.
Rearrange the following words and phrases into meaningful sentences : [1 × 3 = 3]
(a) Ramaswami / temple / priest / was the / in a/.
(b) young boy / years old / Sethu / only ten / was a/.
(c) disciple / become / he / to / Ramaswami’s / wanted /.
Answer:
(a) Ramaswami was the priest in a temple.
(b) Sethu was a young boy only ten years old.
(c) He wanted to become Ramaswami’s disciple.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers