CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Term 2 Set 2 with Solutions

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 2 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Term 2 Set 2 with Solutions

Time: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions:

• Question paper is divided into 5 sections A ,B,C,D & E
• In section A question number 1 to 3 are Very Short Answer type questions.
• In section B question number 4 is Source based question.
• In section C question number 5 & 6 are Short Answer type questions.
• In section D question number 7 to 9 are Long Answer type questions.
• In section E question number 10 is a Map based question.

Section – A
(Very Short Answer Type Questions) (2 x 3 = 6)

Attempt all questions:

Question 1.
Mention any two problems of the Ruhr Industrial Region. [2]
Answer:
Problems of the Ruhr Industrial Region are:

1. Industrial waste
2. Pollution
3. Iron ore exhaustion

Question 2.
Write the meaning of ‘medical tourism’ [2]
Answer:
When medical treatment is combined with international tourism activity, it is commonly known as medical tourism. Here people are travelling for gaining international medical care. It is also known as health tourism, surgical tourism or medical travel.

Question 3.
What is nuclear power? Mention any two important nuclear power stations in India. [2]
OR
What is ‘sectoral planning’?
Answer:
The power obtained by splitting atoms is called nuclear power. Nuclear power has emerged as a viable source in recent times. Important minerals used for the generation of nuclear energy are uranium & thorium. Tarapur in Maharashtra and Narora in Uttar Pradesh are two important nuclear power stations in India.

OR

The sectoral planning provides general guidelines directed towards ensuring the orderly and efficient development of facilities, land uses, transportation systems, population density and sequencing of development. Full consideration must be given to the costs and benefits of various actions upon the present and future social, economic and environmental fabric of the area.

Section – B
(Source Based Question) (3 x 1 = 3)

Question 4.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Indian Railways:
Indian Railways network is one of the longest in the world. It facilitates the movement of both freight and passengers and contributes to the growth of the economy. Indian Railway was introduced in 1853, when a line was constructed from Bombay to Thane covering a distance of 34 km. Indian Railways is the largest government undertaking in the country. The length of the Indian Railways network was 66,030 km as of 31st March, 2015. It’s very large size puts a lot of pressure on the centralised railway management system.

Thus, in India, the railway system has been divided into 16 zones. Indian Railways has launched extensive programme to convert the metre and narrow gauges to broad gauge. Moreover, steam engines have been replaced by diesel and electric engines. This step has increased the speed, as well as, the haulage capacity. The replacement of steam engines run by coal has also improved the environment of the stations.

Attempt all questions:

Question 4.1.
When was Indian Railway introduced?
Answer:
Indian Railway was introduced in 1853, when a line was constructed from Bombay to Thane covering a distance of 34 km.

Question 4.2
Which organisation is the largest in the country?
Answer:
Indian Railways is the largest government undertaking in the country.

Question 4.3
How many zones are there in Indian Railway system?
Answer:
In India, the Railway system has been divided into 16 zones.

Section – C
(Short Answer Type Questions) (2 x 3 = 6)

Question 5.
Describe the three advantages of water transport in India.
Answer:
Advantages of water transport in India:

1. Waterways is an important mode of transport for both passenger and cargo traffic in India. It is the cheapest means of transport.
2. It is a fuel-efficient, eco-friendly mode of transport.
3. It is the most suitable mode of transport for carrying heavy and bulky material.

Question 6.
What is noise pollution? Explain any three sources of noise pollution.
OR
Describe any three major problems of slums in India.
Answer:
Noise pollution refers to the state of unbearable and uncomfortable noise to human beings, which is
caused by noise from different sources. In recent years, noise pollution has become a serious problem.
The following sources are mainly responsible for noise pollution:

1. The main sources of noise pollution are various factories, mechanised construction and demolition works, automobiles and aircrafts, etc.
2. Various community activities also produces polluting noise through sirens, loudspeakers etc.
3. Out of all the sources, the biggest nuisance is the noise produced by traffic because of its intensity and nature depend upon factors, such as the type of aircraft, vehicle, train and the condition of road, as well as, that of vehicle.

OR

The three problemsfaced by slum dwellers in India are:

1. The areas in which they live (dilapidated houses) are overcrowded having narrow street pattern prone to serious hazards from fire.
2. Lack of basic amenities like drinking water, light and toilet facilities. Their houses have poor ventilation and poor hygienic conditions.
3. These slums in the nearby areas cause a lot pollution and thus, result in health hazards. Since theyhave no place to bathe, go to the toilet, wash their clothes, all this daily work is done in the open causing inconvenience to the residents of the area

Section – D

(Long Answer Type Questions) (3 x 5= 15)

Question 7.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of pipelines?
Answer:
The advantages of pipelines:

1. Pipelines provide an uninterrupted flow of water, gas and petroleum.
2. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but, the running cost is minimal.
3. They are eco-friendly, do not contribute to pollution and save fuel.
4. It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.
5. These can be laid in difficult terrains, underwater and densely forested areas.

Disadvantages:

1. Leakage in the pipelines is difficult to detect.
2. Safeguarding the pipeline from the extremists is very difficult.
3. These are not flexible and cannot give door-to-door services.
4. Once laid, capacity cannot be increased

Detailed Answer:
The advantages of pipelines:

(i) Pipelines provide uninterrupted flow of water, gas and petroleum: Pipelines are ideally suited to transport liquids and gases as they have relieved the increasing pressure on the existing surface transport system (railways and roadways). Moreover, pipelines are safe, accident-free and environmental friendly.

(ii) It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays: Supply through pipeline is very reliable. It is free from obstacles faced in road and rail transport.

(iii) Pipelines are quick, cheap, efficient and environment friendly mode of transportation. It minimizes tranship losses and delays.

Disadvantages:
(i) Leakage in the pipelines is difficult to detect: There is always a risk of damage caused to the pipeline because of various reasons such as road repair and other activities containing excavation. Such damages are very difficult to detect. This leads to pilferage and wastage due to leakage.

(ii) Once laid, capacity cannot be increased: Laying down the pipeline is a major and expensive task. Once laid, it is extremely difficult physically and economically to increase its capacity.

Question 8.
The Suez Canal and the Panama Canal are two vital human-made navigation canals which serve as gateways of commerce for both the eastern and western worlds’. In the light of this statement explain the economic significance of these two canals.
Answer:
Economic importance of the Suez and the Panama Canals:
The Suez Canal:

1. It has given Europe a new gateway to Indian Ocean and Australia.
2. It has shortened the distance.
3. It saves time and fuel.
4. It has become cheaper as compared to the Cape of Good Hope route.
5. Suez is sea-level canal.
6. Thus, Suez is very suitable for commerce.

The Panama Canal:

1. This canal has linked Eastern America with Western America.
2. It also links Europe with Western America.
3. It has shortened distance between Europe and Western America.
4. It saves time and fuel.
5. There are locks in canal even then it is more economical.

Detailed Answer:
The Suez Canal:

1. It has shortened the distance: The Suez Canal is considered to be the shortest link between the East and the West due to its unique geographical location.
2. It saves time and fuel: The Suez Canal saves distance, time and operating costs for vessels that transit the canal.
3. ft is an important international navigation canal linking the Mediterranean Sea at Port Said and the Red Sea at Port Suez.
4. Suez is verv suitable for commerce: The canal is liable to be widened and deepened when required to cope with the development in ship sizes and tonnages.
5. The accidents are almost nil compared with other waterways.

The Panama Canal:

1. It saves time and fuel: Today, 10% of the US shipping goes through the canal as it saves the travel time as well as the fuel consumption.
2. It has shortened distance between Europe and Western America: The canal has created an ease in the world trade. Therefore, the canal helps to keep the world trade running smoothly, keeping in mind America’s large economic importance.
3. This canal has linked Eastern America with Western America: The canal has shortened the distance and has opened the trade route between the US west coast and the east coast of South America.
4. It shortens the distance between Mew York and San Francisco by 13,000 km by sea.
5. The economic significance of this canal is vital to the economies of Latin America.

Question 9.
Explain the importance of five non-conventional sources of energy with suitable examples.
OR
Write short notes on drought-prone area programme and agro-climatic planning. How do these programmes help in the development of dryland agriculture in India?
Answer:
(i) Solar Energy: Sun rays tapped in photovoltaic cells can be converted into energy known as solar energy. Solar thermal technology has some relative advantages over all other non-renewable energy sources. It is cost-competitive, environment friendly and easy to construct. It is generally used more in appliances like heaters, crop dryers, cookers, etc. The western part of India has greater potential for the development of solar energy in Gujarat and Rajasthan.

(ii) Wind Energy: Wind energy is a pollution-free and inexhaustible source of energy. Permanent wind systems such as trade winds, westerlies and seasonal wind like monsoons have been used as source of energy. Besides these, local winds, land and sea breezes can also be used to produce electricity. The Ministry of Non-Conventional Sources of Energy is developing wind energy in India to lessen the burden of oil import bill. In Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka, favourable conditions for wind energy exist. Wind power plant at Lamba in Gujarat in Kachchh is the largest in Asia. Another, wind power plant is located at Tuticorin in Tamil Nadu.

(iii) Tidal and Wave Energy: Persistent efforts were made to create a more efficient energy system from the ceaseless tidal waves and ocean current. Large tidal waves are known to occur along the west coast of India. Hence, India has great potential for the development of tidal energy along the coasts but so far these have not yet been utilised.

(iv) Geothermal Energy: This energy is now considered to be one of the key energy sources that can be developed as an alternate source. The hot springs and geysers are being used since medieval period. In India, a geothermal energy plant has been commissioned at Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.

(v) Bio-energy: Bio-energy refers to energy derived from biological products which includes agricultural residues, municipal, industrial and other wastes. Bio-energy is a potential source of energy conversion. It can be converted into electrical energy, heat energy or gas for cooking. This will improve economic life of rural areas in developing countries, reduce environmental pollution, enhance self-reliance and reduce pressure on fuel wood. One such project converting municipal waste into energy is Okhla in Delhi.

OR

This programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan with the objectives of providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas and creating productive assets.
(i) Initially this programme laid emphasis on the construction of labour-intensive civil works. But later on, it emphasised on irrigation projects, land development programmes, afforestation, grassland development and creation of basic rural infrastructure such as electricity, roads, market, credit and services.

(ii) National Committee on Development of Backward Areas, reviewed the performance of this programme. It has been observed that this programme is largely confined to the development of agriculture and allied sectors with major focus on restoration of ecological balance.

(iii) Since growing population pressure is forcing the society to utilise the marginal lands for agriculture and thereby causing ecological degradation, there is a need to create alternative employment opportunities in the drought-prone areas.

(iv) The other strategies of development of these areas include adoption of integrated watershed development approach at the micro-level. The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, human and animal population should be a basic consideration in the strategy of development of drought-prone area.

(v) Broadly, the drought-prone area in India is spread over semi-arid and arid tract of Rajasthan, Gujarat, western Madhya Pradesh, Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Rayalaseema and Telangana plateaus of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka plateau and highlands and interior parts of Tamil Nadu. The drought prone areas of Punjab, Haryana and northern Rajasthan are largely protected due to spread of irrigation in these regions.

Section – E
(Map Based Question) (1 x 5 = 5)

Question 10.
On the outline map of India indicate and mark the following features (Attempt any 5).
(A) The Bauxite mines in Orissa.
(B) The Oil Refineries in Uttar Pradesh.
(C) Coal mines in Orissa.
(D) The state with largest number of out-migrants.
(E) The Copper mines in Jharkhand.
(F) An iron ore mining area in Orissa

Answer:
(A) Koraput
(B) Mathura
(C) Talcher
(D) Uttar Pradesh
(E) Hazaribagh
(F) Mayurbhanj