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NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 8 India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife

1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a)Which winds bring rainfall in India? Why is it so important?
(b)Name the different seasons in India.
(c)What is natural vegetation?
(d)Name the different types of vegetation found in
(e)What is the difference between evergreen forest and deciduous forest?
(f)Why is tropical rainforest also called evergreen forest?
Answers:
(a) Monsoon winds bring rainfall in India. Agriculture in India depends on rains. Good monsoons mean sufficient rain and a good crop. Hence, monsoon winds Eire very importantly. Our prosperity depends on these winds.

(b) The different seasons in India are:

• Cold Weather Season (Winter)
• Hot Weather Season (Summer)
• Southwest Monsoon Season (Rainy)
• Season of retreating Monsoon (Autumn).

(c) Natural Vegetation
Grasses, shrubs, and trees which grow of their own without any interference or help from mankind constitute natural vegetation.

(d) Different types of vegetation found in India

• Tropical Rain Forests
• Tropical Deciduous Forests
• Thorny Forests
• Mountain Vegetation
• Mangrove Forests

(f) Tropical rainforest is also called evergreen forest because they (the trees) do not shed their leaves in a particular season.

2. Tick the correct answer.
(a) The world’s highest rainfall occurs in …………
(i) Mumbai                         (ii)    Asansol                           (iii)    Mawsyuram.

(b) Mangrove forests can thrive in………
(i) saline water                   (ii)    freshwater                     (iii)polluted water.

(c) Mahogany and rosewood trees are found in………..
(i) mangrove forests
(ii) tropical deciduous forests
(iii) tropical evergreen forests

(d) Wild goats and snow leopards are found in…………
(i) Himalayan region      (ii)Peninsular region            (iii)    Gir forests.

(e) During the South-west monsoon period, the moisture-laden winds blow from
(i) land to sea                     (ii)    sea to land                      (iii)    plateau to plains.

Answers:
(a)—(iii), (b)—(i), (c)—(iii), (d)—(i), (e)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. Hot and dry winds are known as………… blow during the day in summers.
2. The states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu receive a great amount of rainfall during the season of…………..
3. ……. forest in Gujarat is the home of……………
4. …………… is a well-known species of mangrove forests.
5. …………. are also called monsoon forests.

Answer:

1. loo
2. retreating monsoon
3. Gir, Asiatic lions
4. Sundari
5. Tropical deciduous forests.

I. Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:
(i) Sundarbans is in ………..
(a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(b) West Bengal
(c) Orissa
(d) Madhya Pradesh.

(ii) Which one forms the group of migratory birds?
(a) Siberian Crane, Flamingo and Crow
(b) Sparrow, Crow, and Stork
(c) Stork, Siberian Crane, and Flamingo
(d)Duck, Bulbul and geese.

(iii) These places experience moderate climate ………………
(a) Mumbai and Kolkata
(b) Patna and Lucknow
(c) Bikaner and Jaisalmer
(d) Ranchi and Asansol.

(iv) Elephants and one-homed rhinoceroses are found in the forests of……………………
(a) Assam
(b) Gujarat
(c) Kerala
(d)Karnataka

(v) Wildlife week is observed every year in the first week of _________
(a) November
(b) August
(c) September
(d) October.

Answers:
(i)—(b), (ii)—(c), (iii)—(a), (iv)—(a), (v)—(d).

II. Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Camels and wild asses are found in the ……….. and the ……….
2. ………  in Rajasthan receives the least rainfall.
3. Tropical Rain Forests occur in the areas which receive …………..  rainfall.
4. Cold weather season remains from………… to ………..
5. The climate of India has been described as …………..  type.
6. The roots of the plants kind the………….., thus, they control soil erosion.
7. Parrots, pigeons, geese, etc. are examples of ……….. birds.

Answer:

1. Great Indian Desert, Rann of Kuchchh
2. Jaisalmer
3. heavy
4. December,   February
5. Monsoon
6. bind
7. common

III.True/False

State whether these sentences are true (I) or false (F).

1. During the winter season, the sun rays fall directly in the region.
2. Due to India’s location in the tropical region, most of the rain is brought by monsoon winds.
3. Tropical rainforests are not very dense.
4. Tropical rainforests are also called monsoon forests.
5. Thorny bushes are found in dry areas of the country.
6. Siberian Crane, Stork, Flamingo, etc. migrate to our country in the winter season every year.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True.

IV.Matching Skill
Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What happens in the season of the retreating monsoons? [Imp.]
Answer:   Winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal.                                  ,

2. What is climate?
Answer:
Climate is the average weather condition, which has been measured over many years.

3. Name the factors that affect the climate of a place.  [Imp.]
Answer:
The climate of a place is affected by its location, altitude, distance from the sea and relief.

4. Name the two regions of Rajasthan which are very hot.
Answer:
Jaisalmer and Bikaner.

5. Name the two regions of Jammu and Kashmir which are very cold or freezing cold.
Answer:
Drass and Kargil.

6. What do you mean by moderate climate? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Moderate climate refers to the climate which is neither very hot nor very cold.

7. What are called bushes?
Answer:
Small plants are called bushes.

8. Where are thorny bushes found?
Answer:
Thorny bushes are found in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

9. What is the special feature of mountain vegetation?
Answer:
The trees are conical in shape.

10. Why is Van Mahotsav arranged?   [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Van Mahotsav is arranged to awaken people to plant more and more trees.

11. Why are several species of wildlife of India declining? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Due to the cutting of forests and hunting, several species of wildlife of India are declining.

12. Name the project started by the government to protect tigers? [Imp.]
Answer:
Project Tiger.

13. Name some migratory birds.
Answer:
Pelican, Siberian Crane, Stork, Flamingo, Pintail, Duck and Curlew.

India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the cold weather season and hot weather season.
Answer:
During the cold-weather season (winter), the sun rays do not fall directly in the region. As a result, the temperatures are quite low in northern India. In the hot weather season (summer), the sun rays fall directly in the region. Hence, the temperature becomes very high. Hot and dry winds called loo blow during the day time.

2. Why do we experience regional differences in the climate of India? Explain with examples. [V. Imp.]
Answer:
We experience regional differences in the climate of India due to these factors— location of a place, altitude, distance from the sea and relief. For examples, Jaisalmer and Bikaner in the desert of Rajasthan are very hot while Drass and Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir are very cold. Coastal places like Mumbai and Kolkata experience moderate climate. It means these places are neither very hot nor very cold. Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the world’s highest rainfall, while Jaisalmer receives least rainfall.

3. Mention the periods of various seasons of India.[Imp.]
Answer:

• Cold weather season, i.e. winter remains from December to February.
• Hot weather season, summer ranges from March to May.
• Southwest monsoon season, i.e. the rainy season remains from June to September.
• Season of retreating monsoon, Le. autumn occurs in the month of October and lasts upto the month of November.

4. Mention the main features of thorny bushes.
Answer:

1. Thorny bushes are found in dry areas of the country.
2. The leaves are in the form of spines to reduce the loss of water.
3. Cactus, khair, babool, keekar are important thorny bushes.
4. They are found in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

5. Write a note on mountain vegetation.
Answer:
Mountains are homes of various species of trees. They are found according to the variation in height. With an increase in height, the temperature falls. At a height between 1500 metres and 2500 metres most of the trees are conical in shape. Such trees are called coniferous trees. Mountain vegetation includes trees such as chir, pine and deodar.

6. How are forests important for us? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Forests play a vital role in the life of human beings and in their absence, we can’t imagine a life. Plants release oxygen that we breathe and absorb carbon dioxide. The roots of the plants bind the soil and in this way check soil erosion. We get several things from the forests, such as wood for furniture, fuel, fodder, medicinal herbs, honey, lac, gum, fruits etc. Forests provide natural habitat to wildlife, such as lions, tigers, elephants, monkeys, etc. As forests are so beneficial for us, we must make efforts to conserve it.

7. What should we do to conserve wildlife? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
We must not involve in the hunting and poaching of wild animals. We can refuse to buy things made from parts of the bodies of animals such as their bones, horns, fur, skins, and feathers. It will be an effective way to conserve wildlife. We should participate in the wildlife week which falls in the first week of October and try to create awareness of conserving the habitats of the animal kingdom.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Long Answer Type Questions

1. Explain different types of seasons found in India
Answer:
Four major seasons are found in India:
(i) Cold Weather Season (Winter). This season occurs in the month of December and lasts upto the month of February. During this season temperature remains cold in northern India because the sun rays do not fall directly in the region.            ,

(ii) Hot weather season (Summer). This season starts in the month of March and ends in the month of May. During this season temperature becomes very hot because the sun rays fall directly in the region. Hot and dry winds called loo blow during the day time.

(iii) Southwest monsoon season (Rainy season). This season is marked by the advent and advance of the monsoon. The winds blow from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers it begins raining.

(iv) Season of retreating monsoon (Autumn). This is the season of retreating monsoons. During this season winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal. The southern parts of India receive rainfall in this season.

2. Mention different types of vegetation found in India.  [V. Imp.)
Answer:
Five different types of vegetation are found in India:
(i) Tropical rain forests. These forests are found in the areas which receive heavy rainfall. They are very dense and sunlight never reach the ground. The trees of these forests shed their leaves at different times of the year. Therefore, they always appear green are called evergreen forests. Important trees of these forests are mahogany, ebony, and rosewood. They are found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of North-Eastern states, and a narrow strip of the western slope of the Western Ghats.

(ii) Tropical deciduous forests. These forests are also known as monsoon forests and are found in a large part of the country. They are less dense. They shed their leaves at a particular time of the year. Sal, teak, neem, peepal and shisha are important trees found in these forests. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, etc. are home of these forests.

(iii) Thorny bushes. They are found in the dry areas. Cactus, khair, babool, and Keekar are important thorny bushes. They are found in Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, etc.

(iv) Mountain Vegetation. A variety of trees are found in the mountains. They are conical in shape. Hence trees are called conical trees. Chir, pine, and deodar are important trees of these forests.

(v) Mangrove Forests. These forests grow in saline water. They are found in Sundarbans in West Bengal and in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Sundari is a well-known species of trees in mangrove-forests.

3. Describe the wildlife of India [V. Imp.]
Answer:  Forests are home to wildlife, which include several species of animals and a variety of reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, insects, and worms.

The tiger, our national animal, is found ip various parts of the country. Gir forest in Gujarat is the home of Asiatic lions. Elephants and one-homed rhinoceroses are found in the forests of Assam. Elephants are found in Kerala and Karnataka. Camels and wild asses are found in the Great Indian desert and the Rann of Kuchchh respectively. Wild goats, snow leopards, bears, etc. are found in the Himalayan region. Besides these, monkeys, wolf, jackal, nilgai, cheetah, etc. are other animals found in our country.

Our country is rich in birdlife too. Peacock is our national bird. Other common birds are parrots, pigeons, mynah, geese, bulbul, and ducks. Several bird sanctuaries have been established to protect different species of birds.,
There are hundreds of species of snakes found in India. Cobras and Kraits are important among them.

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane?
(b) Define rotation and revolution.
(c) What is a leap year?
(d) Differentiate between the summer solstice and winter solstice.
(e) What is an equinox?
(f) Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience winter and summer solstice in different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere?
(g) Why do the poles experience about six months’ day and six months’ night?
Answers:
(a) The angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane is 66 1/2.

(b) The movement of the earth on its axis is known as rotation.
‘ Revolution. The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is known as revolution.

(c) The year in which February is of 29 days instead of 28 days is called a leap year. Thus a leap year is of 366 days instead of 365 days.

(d) Difference between the summer solstice and winter solstice

(e) Equinox is the position of the Earth on 21st March and 23rd September. Both the hemispheres experience equal days and nights.

• On 21st March in the Northern hemisphere, this position is the spring equinox. Autumn equinox is in the Southern hemisphere.
• In the Northern hemisphere on 23rd September the position of the Earth is Autumn equinox and in the Southern hemisphere, it is the Spring equinox.

(f) The Southern hemisphere experiences winter and summer solstice in different times than, that of the Northern hemisphere because of the following reasons:

• The southern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun on 22nd December, hence summer solstice is there in the Southern hemisphere. At that time winter solstice is in the Northern hemisphere when it is away from the Sun.
• On the contrary, on 21 June the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun.
  Hence summer solstice is in the Northern hemisphere and winter solstice is in the Southern hemisphere.

(g) The poles experience six months’ day and six months’ night because of the following reasons:

• When the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, the North Pole remains in the light for the whole of the day (24 hours). This position remains for six months (from 21st March to 23rd September).
• On the contrary in the Southern hemisphere, the South Pole does not get light during these six months. Hence it experiences night for six months (from 23rd September to 21st March).
• When the Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, the South Pole remains in light for 24 hours for six months from 23rd September to 21st March. The reverse is the conditions at the North Pole-six months’ night.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The movement of the earth around the sun is known as
(i) Rotation (ii) Revolution (iii) Inclination.

(b) Direct rays of the sun fall on the equator on
(i) 21 March (ii) 21 June (iii) 22 December.

(c) Christmas is celebrated in summer in
(i) Japan   (ii)India   (iii)Australia

(d) The cycle of the seasons is caused due to
(i) Rotation   (ii)Revolution  (iii)Gravitation

Answers:  (a)—(ii), (b)—(i), (c)—(iii), (d)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. A leap year has ………… a number of days.
2. The daily motion of the earth is ……… ……
3. The earth travels around the sun in…………….
4. The sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of…………….. on 21st June.
5. Days are shorter during …………

Answer:

1. 366
2. rotation
3. elliptical
4. cancer
5. winter

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences given below:

(i) The axis of the earth is a/an……………..
(a) imaginary line                              (b) straight line
(c) curved line                                   (d) real line.

(ii) The earth receives light from the ……………
(a) Moon                                          (b) Stars
(c) Meteors                                        (d) Sun.

(iii) The time taken by the earth to complete one rotation around its axis is…………………
(a) 24 hours                                        (b) 12 hours
(c) 36 hours                                       (d) 18 hours.

(iv) The earth completes one revolution in ……………
(a) 366 days                                        (b) 370 days
(c) 365 1/4 days                                (d) 366 1/4 days.

(v) It is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere on ………………………….
(a) 23rd September                          (b) 21st March
(c) 22nd December                          (d) 21st June.

Answer: (i)—(a), (ii)—(d), (iii)—(a), (iv)—(c), (v)—(b).

II. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Days and nights occur due to ……………  of the earth.
2. Only half of the earth gets light from the sun at a time due to its……………. shape.
3. The period of rotation is known as the ……………..
4. The sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of…………….. on 22nd December.
5. On …………  it is autumn season in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer:

1. rotation
2. spherical
3. earth day
4. Capricorn
5. 23rd September.

III. True/False
Stale whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The axis of the earth makes an angle of 23V& with its orbital plane.
2. Every five years, February is of 29 days instead of 28 days.
3. Season changes due to the change in the position of the earth around the sun.
4. When there is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is spring in the Southern Hemisphere.
5. Life is not possible in extreme conditions.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True.

IV. Matching Skill

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Motions of the Earth Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Define the circle of illumination.
Answer: The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is known as the circle of illumination.

2. Which motion of the earth is associated with the changes in season?
Answer: Revolution.

3. Why do seasons change? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Seasons change due to the change in the position of the earth around the sun.

4. Why do the areas near the poles receive less heat?
Answer: It is because the rays of the sun are slanting on the poles.

5. When do the longest day and the shortest night occur in the Northern Hemisphere?
Answer: On 21st June.

6. In which Hemisphere does Australia lie?
Answer: Australia lies in the Southern Hemisphere.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions Short Answer Type Questions

1. What would happen if the earth did not rotate? Imp.]
Answer: In such a condition the portion of the earth facing the sun would always experience day, and thus there would be continuous warmth in the region. At the same time, the other half would always remain dark and be freezing cold all the time. These are extreme conditions which are not suitable for life. Thus, we can say that if the earth did not rotate life would not have been possible.

2. How does leap year occur?      [V. Imp.]
Answer: The earth takes 36514 days Le. one year to complete one revolution around the sun. We consider a year as consisting of 365 days only and ignore six hours for our convenience. Six hours saved every year are added to make one day Le. 24 hours over a span of four years. This surplus day is added to the month of February. Thus every fourth year, February of 29 days instead of 28 days. Such a year with 366 days is called a leap year.

3. Explain the following with a diagram:
(a) Summer solstice                              (b) Winter solstice        (c) Equinox.

Answer: (a) Summer solstice. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun on 21st June. As the rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer, these areas receive more heat. But the size of the area to the poles receives less heat due to the slanting rays of the sun. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience continuous daylight for about six months.

Since a large area of the Northern Hemisphere is getting light from the sun, it is summer in the regions north of the equator. The longest day and the shortest night at these places occur on 21st June. These conditions are reversed in the Southern Hemisphere at this time. It is winter season there having longer nights and shorter days. This position of the earth is known as the summer solstice.

(b) Winter solstice. On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the sun as the South Pole tilts towards it. As the sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn, a larger portion of the Southern Hemisphere gets light. Hence, the Southern Hemisphere enjoys summer having longer days and shorter nights. This position of the earth is called the winter solstice.

(c) On 21st March and 23rd September direct rays of the sun fall on the equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun. As a result, the entire earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This phenomenon is known as an equinox.

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Rural Administration

1. What is the work of the police?
Ans: Work of the Police:

• To maintain law and order in its area.
• To register cases of thefts, accidents, injuries, fights etc.
• To inquire, investigate, and take action on the cases within its area.

 2. List two things that the work of a Patwari includes.
Ans:

• Patwari measures land and keeps land records.
• He organises the collection of land revenue from the farmers and provides information to the government about the crops grown in the area.

3. What is the work of a Tehsildar?
Ans: Work of a Tehsildar:

• To supervise the work of Patwaris.
• To settle disputes regarding land.
• To get revenue collected.

4. What issue is the poem trying to raise? Do you think this is an important issue? Why?
Ans: The poem raises the issue of rights for a girl child. A girl should be treated equally in society. She should be given the same right as a male child is given. Inheritance in the paternal properties should be equally divided among all the members without any consideration of boy or girl. Dowry is not compensated to a girl child. It should be abolished. This poem raises a very justified issue.

 5. ‘In what ways are the work of the Panchayat, that you read about in the previous chapter, and the work of the Patwari related to each other?
Ans: Panchayat provides for facilities in the village, Patwari arranges for money to get the facilities worked out/executed.

6. Visit a police station and find out the work that the police have to do to prevent crime and maintain law and order in their area especially during festivals, public meetings etc.
Ans: During festivals, public meetings, etc. the police become more active in order to control crime and maintain law and order. CC TV cameras are installed in the area at different places to keep watch on the activities of the people. To control the mob they barricade the area. Police personnels are deployed. Some information booths are also installed. Proper lighting is also made.

7. Who is in charge of all the police stations in a district? Find out
Ans: Senior Superintendent of Police or Deputy Commissioner of Police (In Delhi and Mumbai) is the in-charge of all Police stations in a district.

8. How do women benefit under the new law? ,
Ans: Under the new lawsons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. This law will benefit a large number of women. Now, if ever has a problem women can always depend upon their share of land or property.

9. In your neighbourhood are there women who own property? How did they acquire it?
Ans: Yes, in our neighbourhood there are several women who own property.

• Some of them have purchased property themselves.
• Some got the property registered in their name by their husbands/inlaws.
• Some have got the property inherited from their father.

More Resources – NCERT Solutions Class 6:

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Social
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 English
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions Class 6 Sanskrit
• RD Sharma Class 6 Solutions

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration Multiple Choice Questions 

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) Kanungo is the other name of…………
(a) Tehsildar
(b) Patwari
(c) Talukdar
(d) Landowner

(ii) The person-in-charge of the police station is known as …………..
(a) Stationmaster
(b) Superintendent of Police
(c) Station House Officer
(d) None of the above.

(iii) A heated argument began between Raghu and Mohan because …………….
(a) Raghu had taken over some of Mohan’s land
(b) Mohan had taken over Raghu’s land
(c) Mohan had taken a loan from Raghu and denied to return it
(d) All the above.

(iv) The sub-divisions of a district are known by different names such as ……………
(a) Tehsil
(b) Taluka
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above.

(v) A daughter wants only………..
(a) Dowry
(b) A place of her own
(c) High education
(d) Both (a) and (b).

Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (c), (iii) – (a), (iv) – (c), (v) – (b).

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration  Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. The Patwari maintains and ……… the records of the village.
2. Raghu’s uncle was the ……… of the village.
3. It is the duty of the Station House Officer to write down the ……………..  and then investigate them.
4. For managing matters relating to land, districts are subdivided into ……………..
5. Tehsildars, also known as …………..  work under the District Collector.

Answer:

1. updates
2. Sarpanch
3. complaints
4. sub-divisions
5. Revenue Officers.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – True/False

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 gave equal rights to daughters.
2. Mohan went to the village Sarpanch to make complaints about Raghu.
3. It is the duty of the District Collector to supervise the work of the Patwaris.
4. The Station House Officer was not in the mood to hear Mohan.
5. The revenue officer organises the collection of land revenue from the farmers.

Answer:

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Matching Skills

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Column A                                                Column B
(i)Patwari                                      (a) Collect revenue
(ii)Tehsildars                                 (b) Responsible for a group of villages
(iii)Mohan                                         (c) Sons, daughters and their mothers
have an equal share in land
(iv) Hindu Succession Act, 2005             (d) An influential person in the village
(v) Raghu                                                                (e) A small farmer

Ans. (i)—(b), (ii)—(a), (iii)—(e), (iv)—(c), (v)—(d).

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration Very Short Answer Type Questions

 1. What is called bund?
Ans: The boundary that separates one land from another is called ‘bund’,

2. What did Mohan notice one morning?
Ans: One morning Mohan noticed that Raghu had shifted the bund by a few feet.

3. How can you say that Raghu was an influential person in the village?
Ans: Raghu’s family-owned in many fields. His uncle was also the Sarpanch of the village.

 4. Where can one register the case?                         [V. Imp.]
Ans: One can register a case in the police station which comes under his/her area or locality.

5. Why do you think the Station House Officer (SHO) did not want to entertain Mohan?
Ans: It was because Mohan was not an influential person but a small farmer.

 6. What are the different names of the Patwari?
Ans:Lekhpal, Kanungo, Karamchari, Village Officer.

7. Mention one responsibility of the Tehsildar? [Imp.]
Ans. He supervises the work of the Patwaris and ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the work of the revenue department of the government? {V. Imp.]
Ans: The revenue department of the government supervises the work of the Patwari. It ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected. It also ensures that farmers can easily obtain a copy of their land records. It is the revenue department that makes the students obtain their caste certificates. It also resolves revenue disputes.

2. What would have the Patwari done to resolve the dispute between Mohan and Raghu?
Ans: The Patwari would have measured both Mohan’s and Raghu’s fields and compared them with the measurements on the map. If they did not match then it would be clear that the boundary of the fields has been changed.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Long Answer Type Questions

1. Enumerate various works of a Patwari. [V. Imp.]
Ans: A Patwari does various types of works:

• He measures land keeps land records.
• He is responsible for a group of villages.
• He maintains and updates the records of the village.
• He is responsible for organising the collection of land revenue from the farmers and providing information to the government about the crops grown in the area.

 2. Write a brief note on the ‘Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005’. [V. Imp.]
Ans:  Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 brought females on the same level as males. Till recently, prior to the new law Hindu women did not get a share in the family’s agricultural land. After the death of the father his property was divided equally only among his sons. But now the situation has been changed. In the new lawsons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. The same law will apply to all states and union territories of the country. The new law will benefit a large number of women. Now they can enjoy their independent status with equal rights.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government

1. How would Maya’s life be different in South Africa today?

Ans: Maya’s life would be different in South Africa today in the following manner:

• She can use roads, buses, and railway trains as others do without any discrimination.
• She can attend hotels and restaurants.
• She can use hospitals and ambulances as others do.
• She can walk in the parks freely.
• She has no fear of police.

2.What are the various ways in which people participate in the process of government?

Ans: People participate in the process of government through the following various ways:

• By taking interest in the working of the government.
• By criticising the government on various unpopular issues.
• By taking out rallies.
• By holding signature campaigns.
• By opposing various unpopular resolutions, bills, and issues in state legislatures and parliament through their representatives.

3. Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to any disputes or conflicts?
Ans:  We need the government to find solutions to many disputes and conflicts because of the following:

• Disputes and conflicts block the way to progress.
• They often turn violent and cause damage to the property and life of the people.
• Government has to compensate people who are killed, wounded or whose properties are destroyed in violent incidents.
• Crores of rupees are spent on committees and commissions.
• The attention of the government is diverted towards welfare measures.

4. What actions do the government take to ensure that all people are treated equally?
Ans: The government ensures that the constitutional provisions are implied in the country. It makes laws and enforces them to abolish all sorts of discrimination. It makes provisions to provide equal facilities to all classes of people, promotion of education among girls, and economically backward. These are some of the actions that the government takes to ensure equality among people.

5. Read through the chapter and discuss some of the key ideas of a democratic government. Make a list. For example, all people are equal
Ans:

• Equality and justice.
• Ban on untouchability.
• No discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, and sex.
• Boys and girls are equal.
• No discrimination against anyone.

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) Hector and his classmates wanted to learn their own language. What was their language?
(a) Afrikaans
(b)  Zulu
(c) English
(d) Malayalam.

(ii) The leader of the African National Congress was …………………
(a) Nelson Mandela
(b) Vinni Mandela
(c) Yasar Arafat
(d) Kofi Annan.

(iii) In India, the government is elected for the period of……………………
(a) Two years
(b) Three years
(c) Five years
(d)   Six years.

(iv) The two states involved in the Cauvery water dispute are …………………….
(a) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
(b) Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
(c) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(d) Orissa and Kolkata.

(v) South Africa became a democratic country in the year………………….
(a) 1950
(b) 1970
c) 1984
(d) 1994

Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (a), (iii) – (c), (iv) – (a), (v) – (d).

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. In South Africa, there live black people, ……………..  and Indians.
2. Blacks and coloured people were not considered to be ……………….. to whites.
3. The African National Congress-led the struggle against …………………..
4. Through ……….  in elections, people elect leaders to represent them.
5. Religious processions and celebrations can sometimes lead to ……………………..

Answer:

1. whites
2. equal
3. apartheid
4. voting
5. conflicts

III.TRUE/FALSE

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Non-whites could vote in South Africa before 1994.
2. It was the effort of Nelson Mandela that made South Africa a democratic country.
3. Conflicts and differences are resolved by the laws laid by our Constitution
4. The apartheid system in South Africa was abolished in the year 1990.
5. In our society boys and girls are valued equally.

Answer:

1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F

IV. MATCHING SKILL

Match the items given in column A correctly with those given in column B correctly.

Column A                                                  Column B
(i)Untouchability                                         (a) Through  voting
(ii) Equality and justice                              (b) Black
(iii) Afrikaans                                               (c) Dr. B.R.   Ambedkar
(iv) Hector Ndlovu                                     (d)Q Whites
(v) People elect leaders to represent them                       (e) Key elements of democracy

Ans. (i)-(c), (ii)—(e), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(b), (v)-(a).

II.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Name the various races that live in South Africa
Ans: Various races that live in South Africa Eire :

• Black people who belong to South Africa
• Whites who came there to settle
• Indians who came as labourers and traders.

2. What do you mean by apartheid? [V. Imp.]
Ans: Apartheid means separation on people on the basis of race are known as apartheid laws.

3. Name one black township.
Ans: South Western Township (Soweto).

4. Who was Hector? What did he want?.
Ans: Hector was a non-white. He wanted to learn his own language Zulu.

5. Name the party that fought against the system of apartheid. [V. Imp.]
Ans: The African National Congress.

6. Who is responsible for helping to resolve conflicts or differences?
Ans: The government is responsible for helping to resolve conflicts or differences.

Q.7. What is the role of police when there is a chance of violence?
Ans: The police try their best to ensure that violence does not take place.

Q.8. How did Dr. Ambedkar and many others like his view equality and justice?
Ans: They thought that justice can only be achieved when people are treated equally.

Q. 9. How does our society view boys and girls?  [V. Imp.]
Ans: In our society, there is a general tendency to value and care for the boy children more than the girl children. Thus, society does not keep boys and girls at the same level.

Q.10. What does the government do to promote justice among the girls? [Imp.]
Ans.: The government provides special provisions to promote justice among the girls. It may lower the school fees for girls.

III. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What are apartheid laws? [V. Imp.]
Ans. South Africa was earlier governed by apartheid laws. South African people were divided into white, black, Indian and coloured races. According to apartheid laws, these races were not allowed to mingle with each other, to live near each other or even to use common facilities.

2. What happened to Hector and his classmates? Why did it happen?
Ans: Hector and his classmates, because they were non-whites luring in one black township named Soweto, were being forced to learn the language of whites i.e. Afrikaans. But they wanted to learn their own language, zulu and joined the protest against learning the Afrikaans language in school. The South African police beat up the protestors ruthlessly and shot at the crowd. One of their bullets killed Hector.

3. Write a short note on ‘The African National Congress’. [Imp.]
Ans: The African National Congress, a group of people who led the struggle against the system of apartheid. Dr. Nelson Mandela was their leader. The struggle got intensified under his leadership. He fought the apartheid system for several years. Finally, the system was abolished in 1994 and South Africa became a democratic country in which people of all races were considered equal.

4. How does the power of the government got limited?
Ans: The power of the government gets limited by regular elections. Elections are usually held once in five years. Once elected, governments can stay in power only for that period. If they want to continue to be in power then they have to re-elected by the people. This is a moment when people can sense their power in a democracy.

5. When do conflicts occur? What happens afterward? [V. Imp.]
Ans: Conflicts occur when people of different cultures, religions, regions or economic background do not get along with each other, or when some among them feel they are being discriminated against. This leads to fear and tension among others living in an area.

IV.LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. One of the ways of participating is to take interest in the working of the government and to criticise it when required. Explain with an example.
Ans. It is one of the important ways of participation. We can prove it through an example. In August 2005, when a particular government increased the money people had to pay for electricity, people expressed their disapproval very sharply. They took rallies and also organised a signature campaign. The government tried to explain and defend its decision but finally listened to the people’s opinion and withdrew the increase. The government had to change its decision because it is responsible to the people.

2. How do rivers become a source of conflict between states? [V. Imp.]
Ans. Rivers can also become a source of conflict between states. A river may begin in one state, Flow-through another, and end in a third. The sharing of river water between different states that the river goes through is becoming an issue of conflict. We can cite an example of the Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The water stored In the Krishnasagar dam in Karnataka is used for irrigating a number of districts and for meeting the needs of the city of Bangalore. The water stored in Methur dam in Tamil Nadu is used for crops grown in the delta region of that state.

A conflict arises because both dams Eire on the same river. The downstream dam in Tamil Nadu can only be filled up if water is released from the upstream one located in Karnataka. Therefore, both states can’t get as much water as they need for people in their states. This leads to conflict. Now, it is the job of the central government to step in and see that a fair distribution is worked out for both states.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains of the Earth

1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) What are the four major domains of the earth?
(b) Name the major continents of the earth.
(c) Name the two continents that lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.
(d) Name the different layers of the atmosphere.
(e) Why is the earth called the ‘blue planet’?
(f ) Why is the Northern Hemisphere called the land Hemisphere?
(g) Why is the biosphere important for living organisms?
Answers:
(a) Major Domains of the Earth

• Lithosphere
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Biosphere

(b) Major continents of the Earth

• Asia
• Europe
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Australia
• Antarctica

(c) Two continents lying entirely in the Southern hemisphere are:

• Australia and
• Antarctica

(d) Layers of (the) Atmosphere

• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere
• Exosphere

(e) The Earth is called the blue planet because,

• it is the only planet (so far) which has water,
• it looks blue from the sky because of presence of water on it.

(f) The Northern Hemisphere is called the Land Hemisphere because of the following reasons:

• Greater part of the landmass lies in the Northern Hemisphere. It is more than 70% of the total area.
• Water bodies area is smaller in this Hemisphere. It is only 30% of the total area of the Northern Hemisphere.

(g) Importance of Biosphere

• Biosphere sustains all life forms.
• It provides food to them.
• It provides stage to all forms of life to act upon.
• It should be pollution free because pollution is injurious to life forms.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is
(i) the Andes                         (ii) the Himalayas                        (iii) the Urals.

(b) The continent of North America is linked to South America by
(i) an Isthmus                        (ii)   a Strait                            (iii)   a Canal.

(c) The major constituent of the atmosphere by percent is
(i) Nitrogen                              (ii)   Oxygen                                  (iii)   Carbon dioxide.

(d) The domain of the earth consisting of solid rocks is
(i) the Atmosphere           (ii)   the Hydrosphere             (iii)   the Lithosphere.

(e) Which the largest continent?
(i) Africa                           (ii)   Asia                                 (iii)   Australia

Answers:
(a)—(iii)
(b)—(i)
(c)—(i)
(d)—(iii)
(e)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. The deepest point on the earth is ……….. in the Pacific Ocean.
2. The……… Ocean is named after a country.
3. The……… is a narrow contact zone of land, water and air that supports life.
4. The continents of Europe and Asia together are known as…………….
5. The highest mountain peak on earth is…………….

Answers:

1. Mariana Trench
2. Indian
3. Biosphere
4. Eurasia
5. Everest

Things to do

1. Cut the outline of the continents from an outline map of the world and arrange them according to their decreasing sizes.
Answer:
For’ self-attempt.

2. Cut the outline of the continents from an outline map of the world and try to fit them together as a jig-saw puzzle.
Answer:
For self-attempt.

3. Collect pictures of expeditions to the Himalayas. Write about the kind of equipment carried by the climbers for protection against sunshine, temperature, and the lack of air.
Answer:
The mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders to be able to breathe at high altitudes. They wear a special jacket to avoid temperature. They also wear sunglasses and cap to save themselves from the scorching heat of the sun.

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences given below:
(i) Life exists in this zone:
(a) Lithosphere                                  (b) Biosphere
(c) Hydrosphere                                 (d) Atmosphere.

(ii) It is the only continent through which the tropic of Cancer, the Equator, and the Tropic of Capricorn pass:
(a) Asia                                             (b) Europe
(c) Africa                                          (d) North America.

(iii) It is the world’s longest mountain range
(a) The Mt. Everest                             (b) The Ural Mountains
(c) The Karakoram range                  (d) The Andes.

(iv)Which ocean is ‘S’ shaped?
(a) The Pacific Ocean                       (b)    The Atlantic Ocean
(c) The Indian Ocean                       (d)    The Arctic Ocean.

(v) Which one is not the layer of the Atmosphere?
(a) The Biosphere                             (b)    The Troposphere                •
(c) The Stratosphere                        (d)    The Mesosphere.

(vi) It is called an island continent
(a) South America                           (b)    Antarctica
(c) Africa                                           (d)    Australia.

Answers:
(i)— (b)
(ii)—(c)
(iii)—(d)
(iv)—(b)
(v)—(a)
(vi)—(d).

II. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. The South Pole lies almost at the centre of………………..
2. Africa is the second largest continent after ……………..
3. The world’s longest river the Nile flows through ………………
4. The hydrosphere comprises water in the form of ………………., water and ………….
5. The Arctic Ocean is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as ……………
6. The Pacific Ocean is ………….  in shape.
7. The Coastline of the Atlantic Ocean is high……………….
8. Europe lies to the ………….  of Asia.

Answers:

1. Antarctica
2. Asia
3. Africa
4. ice, water vapour
5. Berring Strait
6. circular
7. indented
8. west.

III. True/False
State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The shape of the Pacific Ocean is almost triangular.
2. A very small part of Africa lies in the Northern Hemisphere.
3. The level of seawater remains the same everywhere.
4. Air moves from low pressure to high pressure.
5. Carbon dioxide is an important constituent of air.
6. The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.

Answers:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True.

IV. Matching Skill

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Major Domains Of The Earth Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Which is larger—Europe or Australia?
Answer: Europe is larger than Australia.

2. How is nitrogen a significant gas?
Answer: Nitrogen helps in the growth of living organisms.

3. What is the Junction of carbon dioxide?
Answer: Carbon dioxide absorbs the heat radiated by the earth and thus keeps the planet warm.

4. What is the height of the Mt. Everest?
Answer: The height of the Mt. Everest is 8,848 metres.

5. In which Hemisphere does Asia lie?
Answer: Asia lies in the Eastern Hemisphere.

6. Name the world’s largest hot desert. Where is it located?
Answer: The Sahara desert. It is located in Africa.

7. How is North America linked to South America? [Imp.]
Answer: North America is linked to South America by a narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama.

8. Name the Oceans that surround the continent—North America.
Answer: The Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.

9. Which two oceans surround South America on the east and the west?
Answer: On the east—the Atlantic Ocean On the west—the Pacific Ocean.

10. Name the research stations of India in Antarctica.
Answer: Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri.

11. What percent of the earth is covered with water?   [Imp.]
Answer: More than 71 per cent of the earth is covered with water.

12. What percent of earth is covered with land?
Answer: 29 per cent of earth is covered with land.

13. How much of the earth’s water is found in the oceans?
Answer: More than 97 percent of the earth’s water is found in the ocean.

14. Why is the ocean water not fit for human use?   [Imp.]
Answer: It is because the ocean water is very salty.

15. Why do the mountaineers carry with them oxygen cylinders?[Imp*]
Answer: The mountaineers carry with them oxygen cylinders so that they can easily breathe at high altitudes.

16. What is the nature of the temperature?
Answer: The temperature decreases as we go upwards.

17. Name the continents that surround the pacific ocean.
Answer: Asia, Australia, North America and South America.

18. Which is the busiest ocean from the point of view of commerce?
Answer: The Atlantic ocean is the busiest ocean from the point of view of commerce.

19. Mention two reasons of fast removal of soil from stops.      [V. Imp.l
Answer: (i)Cutting of forests for wood.
(ii)Clearing land for agriculture.

20. What happened to Andaman and Nicobar islands during Tsunami? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Parts of these islands were submerged under water during Tsunami.

21. What makes the water of lakes and rivers unsuitable for human use?
Answer: Discharge of waste material into lakes and rivers makes the water unsuitable for human use.

22. Mention any two reasons of air pollution.
Answer: (i) Emission from industries
(ii)Emission from vehicles.

Major Domains Of The Earth Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

1. Mention the three main components of the environment. [V. Imp.]
Answer: The three main components of the environment are – the lithosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. The lithosphere is the solid portion of the earth. The gaseous layers that surround the earth is the atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of oxygen, nitrogen, carbondioxide and other gases. The hydrosphere refers to the big area of water that covers the earth’s surface. This water is in the forms of ice, water and water vapour.

2. Write a short note on the ‘hydrosphere’.
Answer: The hydrosphere refers to the water bodies that are found on the earth’s surface. More than 71% of the earth is covered with water. This water is found in all its forms—ice, water and water vapour. Running water in oceans and rivers and in lakes, ice in glaciers, underground water and the water vapour in atmosphere. More than 97% of the earth’s water is found in oceans. The ocean water is very salty, hence not of human utility. A large proportion of the rest of water is in the form of the icesheets and glaciers or under the ground. A very small percentage (0.03%) is available as fresh water. It is this water that we use.

3. Explain biosphere—the domain of life. [V. Imp.]
Answer: The biosphere is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life. It is in this zone that life exists. There are several species of organisms that vary in size from microbes and bacteria to large mammals. All living organisms including humans are linked to each other and to the biosphere for survival.

4. Give an account of the composition of the atmosphere. Also, discuss the importance of the components. [V. Imp.]
Answer: The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. Together they make up about 99% of clean, dry air. Nitrogen 78% and oxygen 21%. Apart from these two major gases, there are other gases too in the atmosphere. These gases include carbon dioxide, argon and others comprise 1% by volume.

Oxygen is the breath of life while nitrogen helps in the growth of living organisms. Carbon dioxide absorbs heat radiated by the earth. In this way, it keeps the planet warm. It is also essential for the growth of plants.

5. What is atmosphere? Write about its different layers.
Answer: The atmosphere is a thin blanket of air that surrounds the earth. It provides us with the air we breathe and protects us from the harmful effects of sun’s rays. The atmosphere extends up to a height of about 1,600 km. The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on composition, temperature and other properties. These layers are—the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Long Answer Type Questions

1. Give the details of all the major continents. [V. Imp.]
Answer: There are seven major continents—Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica.
1. Asia is the largest continent. It covers about one-third of the total land area of the earth. It lies in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer passes through this continent. Asia is separated from Europe by the Ural mountains on the west. The combined land mass of Europe and Asia is called Eurasia (Europe + Asia).

2.Europe.This continent lies to the west of Asia. The Arctic circle passes through it. It is bound by water bodies on three sides.

3.Africa.It is the second largest continent after Asia. The Equator or 0° latitude runs almost through the middle of the continent. A large part of Africa lies in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn pass. It is bound on all sides by oceans and seas. The world’s largest hot desert, i.e. the Sahara Desert lies in this continent. The world’s longest river the Nile flows through it.

4.North America. It is the third largest continent of the world. It is linked to South America by a very narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama. This continent lies completely in the Northern and Western Hemisphere.

5.South America. It lies mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. The Andes, world’s longest mountain range, runs through its length from north to south. The world’s largest river, the Amazon flows through this continent.

6. Australia. It is the smallest continent. It lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.

7. Antarctica.It lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere. It is a large continent. The South Pole lies almost at the centre of this continent It is permanently covered with thick ice sheets because it is located in the South Polar region. Permanent human settlement is not found here.

2. Write about the major oceans of the world.
Answer: There are four major oceans in the world—the Pacific Ocean the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.
1.The Pacific Ocean. It is the largest ocean and is spread over one-third of the earth. Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the earth, lies under the Pacific Ocean. This ocean is circular in shape. Asia, Australia, North and South Americas surround it.

2.The Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest ocean in the world. It is ‘S’ shaped. It is flanked by the North and South Americas on the Western side and Europe and Africa on the eastern side. The coastline of this ocean is highly indented. It is the ideal location for natural harbours and ports. Commercially, it is the busiest ocean.

3.The Indian Ocean. It is the only ocean named after country, that is, India. The shape of the ocean is triangular. It is bound by Asia in the north, by Africa in the west and by Australia in the east.

4.The Arctic Ocean. It is located within the Arctic Circle and surrounds the North Pole. It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as Bering Strait. See the map given in the previous question.

NCERT Solutions