Category: Class 9

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 11

In the play ‘If I Were You’, you have read how Gerrard outsmarts the intruder with his ‘presence of mind’. The intruder wanted to steal Gerrard’s identity. In our day-to-day life we share personal infor mation like telephone number, house address, mobile number, date of birth, e-mail address, etc., everyday with people whom we may not know very well.

Don’t you think it is not safe to share information in today’s digital age? Someone like the intruder in the play ‘If I Were You’ might misuse your unique and personal identity details. This is called identity theft. The cases of online identity thefts are increasing day by day. Collect information about cases of identity theft and share it in the class.
Answer:
Identity theft is the deliberate use of someone else’s identity, usually as a method to gain a financial advantage or obtain credit and other benefits in the other person’s name, and perhaps to the other person’s disadvantage or loss. Identity theft is becoming an increasingly common problem in India, as fradusters discover more and more ways to get hold of the information which is required to steal someone’s identity. Some real life examples of identity theft are discussed below. In an incident which took place in Ahmedabad, a resident of Nava Vadaj became a victim of Identity theft. The fraduster used his PAN and 2 years of IT returns by changing photograph, signature, address and phone number.

With the documents, the person had applied for seven auto and personal loans from all major banks. In another incident a student had his identity stolen when he was seven years old. His parents discovered the problem when the Internal Revenue Service told them that they couldn’t claim their son as a deduction on their tax return because his social security number (SSN) was already in use.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the following text and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

Interview with a Detective:
His appearance was clean, cool and deliberately ambiguous. Under the sanctuary of his aviators, his eyes silently scanned the room. He is a Manhattan-based, third-generation private detective who’s been in the business for more than three decades – specialising in surveillance and being an overall mystery-tinged badass. We asked him everything we’ve ever wanted to know about the profession.
Interviewer : So, what exactly do you do?

Detective : I do a lot of surveillance. Basically, someone who wonders, “What is this other person up to?” If it’s an insurance company (surveying someone on workers’ compensation), they’ll ask, “Is he back working?” Things like that.

Another very common request is locating people, and it could be for a lot of reasons. I had a case recently, a man hadn’t been in touch with his mother for 20 years and I helped him find her.

Interviewer : What kind of skills make for a good PI (Private Investigator)?

Detective : Patience – Number one. You have t< pay attention. You have to be the kind of person, if you sit in front of a door watching it for six hours, and you haven’t seen your guy.
You have to plan accordingly, and be willing to make sacrifices in order to stay out there. It’s not a job for people who want to slack off.

Interviewer : If you needed to locate someone, what’s the ideal information you need to start?

Detective : Usually, this is what I tell people, “If you want to find someone, I need the name with the exact spelling, the DOB if you know it, the social security number, add a last known, official address where they’ve lived within the past 15 years.” Because that means they’ll be in our database.

Interviewer : Do most private investigators have a relationship with local police?

Detective : I would say that’s kind of a myth. Most cops wouldn’t even do it in the first place, because they know how serious a violation it is.

Interviewer : Do most private eyes carry guns?

Detective : I don’t think so. We don’t kill people but help them.

Interviewer : What do films and television shows get wrong about being a PI?

Detective : The big difference is, the things you see in films do happen to private detectives, but they’re shrinking down maybe 20 years of adventure into an episode. After 30 years, I probably have one good movie worth of experiences.
(Adapted from https://www.thrillist.com/…/private- detective-interview-questions-you-ve-always-want)

Question 1.
What is the profession of the person being interviewed?
Answer:
Private Detective.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentence.
As soon as the detective entered the room, he ________.
(а) examined the place carefully.
(b) was vague and uncertain.
(c) knew what he was doing.
(d) got ready for the interview.
Answer:
(a) examined the place carefully.

Question 3.
Which of the following was not a part of the job of the detective?
(a) to wander about
(b) to find lost people
(c) to carry guns
(d) to keep a watch
Answer:
(c) to carry guns

Question 4.
According to the detective, there are some qualities that are essential in his profession. What are these and why are they essential?
Answer:
Patience, ability to plan, and willingness to make sacrifices. These qualities ensure that the person is serious and sincere about his job.

Question 5.
What information should the PI have in order to locate someone?
Answer:
The PI should have the name with the exact spelling, the DOB if known, the social security number, and official address where he/she has lived within the past 15 years.

Question 6.
In the sentence given below the word ‘aviators’ means sunglasses. Now choose the appropriate meaning for the underlined word from the options given.
Under the sanctuary of his aviators, his eyes scanned the room.
(a) shelter
(b) shade
(c) hideout
(d) refuge.
Answer:
(b) shade

Text – II

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay:
Do you know who is Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay? He was a Bengali writer. He is remembered for his most famous creation of a fictional detective, Byomkesh Bakshi.

He was actively involved with Bengali cinema as well as Bollywood. He wrote different forms of prose: novels, short stories, plays and screenplays. Besides, he wrote many songs and poems. However, his forte was short stories and novels. He also wrote historical fiction and supernatural stories.

Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay started writing Byomkesh stories in 1932 at the age of 33. He has written 32 Byomkesh stories. He continued to write till his death in 1970. He portrayed himself as a narrator of his stories named Ajit Bandhopadhyay who is also a companion of Byomkesh Bakshi. In some stories Also also investigates in the absence of Byomkesh. These stories are written in traditional Bengali language and have now been translated into other languages.

His stories are very engrossing and consist of a series of events. Byomkesh solves cases from international drug racket to household mysteries and crimes. Byomkesh identifies himself as Satyanweshi meaning ‘truth seeker’rather than a detective. Where he stands out from other legendary detectives like Hercule Poirot or Sherlock Holmes is that he is more concerned with truth than with the law.
(Source: An excerpt from ‘A well-known literary figure of Bengal’/The Asian Age online: http://dailyasianage.com/ news/109713/a-we-known-literary-figure-of-bengal)

Question 1.
Who among the following is not a detective?
(а) Byomkesh Bakshi
(b) Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay
(c) Hercule Poirot
(d) Sherlock Holmes
Answer:
(b) Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay

Question 2.
Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay is known for his ________.
(a) Short stories and novels
(b) Poems and songs
(c) Historical fiction
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 3.
State whether true or false.
(a) Byomkesh is a ‘truth seeker’.
(b) Byomkesh is a detective like Hercule Poirot and Sherlock Holmes.
(c) Byomkesh is concerned with truth rather than with the law.
(d) Byomkesh follows law to solve his cases.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False

Question 4.
What is the role of Ajit in Byomkesh stories?
Answer:
He is the narrator of the stories. He is also a companion of Byomkesh Bakshi. In some stories Ajit also investigates in the absence of Byomkesh.

Question 5.
Find the antonyms of the words given below. All of them are given in the text.
(a) natural ______________
(b) fact ______________
(c) passively ______________
(d) discontinued ______________
(e) presence ______________
(f) modem ______________
(g) unconcerned ______________
Answer:
(a) fictional
(b) fiction
(c) actively
(d) continued
(e) absence
(f) traditional
(g) concerned.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
The following words and phrases occur in the passages. Try to guess the meanings. Match the words with their meanings. You may refer a dictionary later.

database	the act of going against or refusing to obey a law, an agreement, etc.
violation	open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning.
surveillance	a structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways.
insurance	close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal.
ambiguous	an agreement made with a company or the Government that provides a guarantee of compensation for specified loss, damage, illness, or death in return for payment of a specified premium.
forge	an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage.
sinister looking	to make an illegal copy of something in order to deceive.
scandal	suggesting evil or harm

Answer:

• database – a structured set… various ways.
• violation – the act of going against … an agreement, etc.
• surveillance – close observation … criminal.
• insurance – an agreement made… premium.
• ambiguous – open to more than one… meaning.
• forge – to make an illegal… deceive.
• sinister looking – suggesting evil or harm
• scandal – an action or event regarded … outrage.

Question 2.
The contextual meaning of‘sanctuary* in the comprehension passage I is ‘shade’. The same word ‘sanctuary’ is used in a variety of sentences given below. They have different meanings in different contexts. Refer to a dictionary and write the meanings.
(а) Banita’s home was a sanctuary for runaway kids.
(b) The refugees found sanctuary when they reached India.
(c) The sanctuary contains the altar of sacrifice.
(d) I found sanctuary in the cave to save myself from the storm.
(e) Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area for tigers.
Answer:
(a) a shelter; a safe place
(б) refuge
(c) a holy building
(d) a place of protection
(e) reserve for birds and wildlife

Question 3.
Use the following pair of opposites in sentences. One has been done for you.
lose/gain
You’ve nothing to lose, but what have you to gain?
(a) hot/cold
(b) beautiful/ugly
(c) smart/foolish
(d) lonely/busy
(e) great/little
(f) live/die
Answer:
(a) Ranjeet preferred to have a hot coffee instead of the cold drink.
(b) Whatever looks beautiful from outside may turn out to be uglv from inside.
(c) Instead of proving smart, vinay proved himself a foolish to them.
(d) The lonely plot of Mr. Arun is located far away from the busy town.
(e) The great King Shibi sacrificed to save the little bird.
(f) It is better to live and fight misfortunes than to die fearing them.

Grammar:

An affirmative sentence can be changed into a negative sentence without changing the meaning of the original sentence. Look at the examples given below.

• You may be comfortable, but I am not. /You may not be uncomfortable, but I am.
• Few people take the trouble to visit me. / People generally do not take the trouble to visit me.
• Better be quick. / Better not be late.

Question 1.
Change affirmative sentences into negative sentences without changing the meaning. One has been done for you.
I know all the answers. / There are no answers that I don’t know.
(a) All the members liked the programme.
(b) Amritsar is colder than Delhi.
(c) I am free to go places and do nothing.
(d) The farmer was too weak to walk.
(e) She is always on time.
(f) The intruder was foolish to let Gerrard go.
Answer:
(a) There was no member who did not like the programme.
(b) Delhi is not as cold as Amritsar.
(c) I have no constraint to go places and do anything.
(d) The farmer was not so strong to walk.
(e) She never comes late.
(f) The intruder was not smart to let Gerrard stop.

Question 2.
Let us look at the sentence given below.
I am glad you are pleased to see me.
Here, ‘to see’ is an example of the infinite form of a verb. The infinite form of a verb is usually preceded by ‘to’.
Choose the words from the box and complete the sentences given below.
phone up, pay, assist, change, clear off, help, team up, stay
(a) Before we begin I would like you ________ my place.
(b) I’ll be glad ________ you.
(c) You mean ________ with me?
(d) But are you sure it’s going ________ you?
(e) Those are just the things I want ________.
(f) Be willing to make sacrifices in order ________ out there.
(g) Anju asked Hemant ________ Rs. 100 to avoid a scene.
(h) Well, tell him ________ directly.
Answer:
(a) to clear off
(b) to assist
(c) to team up
(d) to help
(e) to change
(f) to stay
(g) to pay
(h) to phone up

Editing:

Some words are missing in the passage given below, indicated by ‘/’. Rewrite the passage by providing the missing words, and using appropriate punctuation marks in the space given below. Sherlock Holmes is/ fictional private detective, the first scientific detective, created/ British author Sir arthur conan doyle. He is a ‘consulting detective’ in the stories written by Sir Doyle. Holmes is known for his skills of observation, knowledge of forensic science, / logical reasoning.

He employs all these while investigating cases for/ wide variety of clients. Sir Doyle’s four novels and 56 short stories, excluding one, are set in the Victorian or edwardian eras, between about 1880 and 1914 Most are narrated by Dr Watson, Holmes’s friend, he is also his biographer/ usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations/ often shares quarters with him at the address of 22 IB Baker Street, london, where many of the stories begin.

Sherlock Holmes is arguably/best known fictional detective, with guinness World Records listing him as the ‘most portrayed movie character’ in history. The stories have been adapted into stage/ radio plays, television films video games, and other media for over one hundred years. Many have believed Holmes to be not a fictional character/ a real individual because of his popularity/ fame. Widely considered a British cultural icon, the Character and Stories have had a profound/ lasting effect on mystery Writing and popular culture /a Whole.
Answer:
Sherlock Holmes is a fictional private detective, the first scientific detective, created by British author Sir arthur Conan Doyle. He is a ‘consulting detective’ in the stories written by Sir Doyle. Holmes is known for his skills of observation, knowledge of forensic science and logical reasoning. He employs all these while investigating cases for a wide variety of clients. Sir Doyle’s four novels and 56 short stories, excluding one, are set in the Victorian or Edwardian eras, between about 1880 and 1914. Most are narrated by Dr Watson, Holmes’s friend. He is also his biographer and usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations and often shares quarters with him at the address of 22 IB, Baker Street, London, where many of the stories begin.

Sherlock Holmes is arguably the best known fictional detective, with Guinness World Records listing him as the ‘most portrayed movie character’ in history. The stories have been adapted into stage and radio plays, television films, video games, and other media for over one hundred years. Many have believed Holmes to be not a fictional character but a real individual because of his popularity and fame. Widely considered as (of) a British cultural icon, the character and stories have had a profound and lasting effect on mystery writing and popular culture as a whole.

Listening:

Listen to the story of Shibi Rana and answer the questions that follow:
There are many stories in our mythology when gods have disguised themselves in the forms of human beings, birds, etc. This is done either to test the efficiency and ability of the kings or to see if people are happy and contented on earth. This is another aspect of changing the identity. Let us listen to the story of King Shibi.

There was a great king, Shibi Rana who had immense power then, even gods in heavens were amazed. They feared that Shibi might take away their kingdoms. They devised a plan to test his sense of justice. So they decided to reach Shibi’s kingdom in disguise.

One day, Shibi Rana was sitting on his throne. His courtroom was surrounded by majestic gardens. There came a scared dove flying to him and it was followed by a fierce looking eagle. The king gave shelter to the dove and saved her. The eagle argued that the king has taken away his food – the dove. It would starve. The king assured the eagle that he would give equal quantity of any other food. The eagle asked for King Shibi’s flesh. The magnanimous king agreed with a smile. A balance was brought in the court. It was soon found that with each addition of the king’s flesh the dove grew heavier. The equal balance was not arrived at. But the king remained calm and unperturbed.

The Gods in the guise of dove and eagle were assured of Shibi’s righteousness. The forms of the eagle and the dove soon disappeared. In their place stood Indra, the king of the Gods and Agni, the God of fire smiling and blessing the king for his benevolence arid greatness.

Question 1.
Why were the Gods in heaven afraid of King Shibi?
Answer:
They feared that King Shibi might take away their kingdoms because he had immense power.

Question 2.
What made the eagle angry?
Answer:
The eagle was angry because the king gave shelter to the dove which was the eagle’s prey.

Question 3.
What did the eagle demand?
Answer:
The eagle demanded the king’s flesh equal to the weight of the dove.

Question 4.
Was the eagle satisfied?
Answer:
Yes, the eagle who was Lord Indra in disguise was assured of the King’s righteousness.

Question 5.
Who were in the disguise of the eagle and the dove?
Answer:
Indra, the king of Gods and Agni, the God of Fire.

Question 6.
King Shibi was blessed for his:
Answer:
Benevolence and greatness.

Speaking:

Question 1.
In a group of four, discuss and take down notes based on the discussion.
Theft in the digital age. Theft that occurs when someone uses another’s unique personal details like his/ her name, credit card numbers, without his/her permission, to commit fraud or other crimes.
Answer:
Theft in the Digital Age:
Computers are relatively new invention. Personal computers were introduced as recently as the early eighties. In this short period, they have made a tremendous impact on our lives. There is inevitability that technology will progress and become increasingly complex. However, we should ensure that we are still in a position where we are able to control technology.

Identity Theft:
In the digital age, the theft occurs when someone uses another’s unique personal details like his/her name, date of birth, Social Security Number, credit card numbers, without his/her permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. This is called identity theft. In almost all cases, identity theft victims suffer from financial loss. According to Insurance Information Institute of America, in every two seconds, another person became a victim of identity fraud in 2014.

How does this theft work ?
In the modern age, we store and transmit most of our information digitally. An organization’s computer network can be composed to collect thousands of records at once. Criminal use various techniques such as social engineering, phishing and devious modus operandi via the Internet targeting potential victims. They identify vulnerabilities and exploit emails, instant messaging and the web to trick potential victims. The longer a criminal has access to personal information, the more damage they can do.

Warning Signs:
The following are some warning signs of possible identity theft:

• We can receive notice that our information was compromised by a data breach.
• Unfamiliar withdrawals from our bank account.
• Expected bills are not received.
• Our cheques or credit cards are declined.
• Debt collectors call us about debts that are not ours.
• Unfamiliar charges appear on our credit report.

What to do in the case of Identity Theft
We should take the following actions immediately:

• Contact the respective/bank/company to freeze the account.
• Place a fraud alert and request the bank for a credit report.
• Report the theft to the respective bank officer.
• File an FIR with your Local Police Station.

Measures to prevent Identity Theft
The following measures can be suggested to secure your identity online :

• Monitor your accounts frequently so that you know if your identity has been compromised or not.
• Take advantage of free SMS services provided by your bank or credit card company when transactions occur.
• Use best practices for password management.
• Verify any organization that requests your personal or financial information. Call an official on listed numbers to verify the request.
• Be cautious of emails that require action or urgently request you to provide your personal information or passwords.
• Sharing too much personal information can enable an identity theif to learn enough about you to answer security questions for your accounts. So, don’t overshare on social media.

Question 2.
You may talk to the manager of a Bank, Cyber crime cell, etc., about ‘online identity theft’ cases and measures to avoid them.

• Discuss this in groups of four in the class.
• Prepare posters on creating awareness about online identity theft.

Answer:
1. Introduction: When someone uses another person’s personal identifiable information such as name, date of birth, credit card numbers, bank account numbers, usernames and passwords, etc. online to commit fraud or other crimes, it is called ‘Online Identity Theft’. This is a serious concern in the modem digital age. So, we visited the manager of a bank and interviewed him to know more about ‘online identity theft’ cases and measures to avoid them.

Interview with the Manager Every member of the group (one-by-one): Good Morning, Sir.

Manager : Very Good Morning, everyone.

Aman : Sir, we want to know about the seriousness of online identity theft that has been a burning topic in these days. Manager : Yes, of course, this is a serious concern now-a-days. Every minute, thousands of individuals and even companies fall prey to these increasingly sophisticated cyber criihinals and attackers. The growth of internet and e-commerce has taken ID theft to new levels.

Aman : Sir, what are the impacts of such thefts? Manager : In almost all cases, identity theft victims experience some type of financial loss. Cyber-criminals can steal money from your account. Also, they can sell your personal data to other parties who will use it for illicit or illegal purposes.

Usman : How does identity theft happen ? Manager : While your computer is connected to the internet, spyware quietly transmits your personal information. He/she records your internet browsing habits and keystrokes, monitors the programmes you use and collects your personal information.

John : Who are these people ?

Manager : Cyber criminals are not super-geniuses, but the ordinary people. They have one goal in life : to rob your identity. They know a bit about psychology and how to manipulate technology. With this knowledge, they trick internet users into giving away personal information or breach their devices security.

Reeta : What are the various measures to avoid such the thefts ?

Manager: The following measures can be suggested to avoid them :

• Do not give out your personal information over the phone.
• Create strong passwords.
• Use an anti-virus to protect your computer and other devices.
• Beware of fake browsers.
• Beware of seemingly official e-mails.
• Beware of free apps, music and games.
• Verify the organization that requests your personal or financial information.
• Be cautious of emails that require action urgently or request you to provide your personal information or passwords.
• Do not share too much personal information on social media.
• Continually check the accuracy of personal accounts and deal with any discrepancies immediately.
• Don’t open messages from unknown senders.

Posters on Creating Awareness about online Identity Theft:

Writing:

Question 1.
Sometimes we think about w’hat we are like and how each of us is different. We all are interesting people with our physical differences and attitudes to life. Write in about 300 – 400 words what you are like, your identity and what you enjoy doing and how do you envision yourself in future.
Answer:
I am a unique person. Basically an introvert, I enjoy keeping to myself. People call me “enigmatic”, “dreamy” and even a ‘fool’. But I know I am not any of these kind. I am a self-learner and always have a quest for knowledge. For me spending time in idle talk with others is a waste. As long as we are alive in this world, we need to acquire knowledge. I don’t also like to share my knowledge with others, unless asked for. This is because, I feel that the other person may differ from me. Even if I am sure about a thing authoritatively, I do not like to establish my stance, for it will lead to unnecessary conflicts.

For, people in general, always have the pride that they know everything and that they are the best. Yes, there are a few people who like to come to me for clarification. They do accept my stance for they know that I am well informed.

As far as my favourite pastimes are concerned, I enjoy reading books, listening to music and infact like to compose music. Now a days there are computer apps which give us this opportunity. Working on such apps gives me peace of mind, and immense satisfaction of having listened to my soul’s needs. As long as I am a student, my responsibilities are restricted only to studies and I can do this soul searching.

I have no specific plan or idea about my future, because I am still in school I do know that there are bigger responsibilities for me to plan my career, to get into a job and take care of my parents. But considering the fact that there are numerous openings and opportunities to try our hand at, I think I can sit back and relax. I only need to be smart enough to prune my skills and keep looking for a suitable opening.

Question 2.
Complete the following story. It has to be a scary story that terrifies people. Give a suitable title to your story.
I stopped my scooter in front of an old and dilapidated building. A haggered, skinny old man with drooping shoulders came towards me. “Don’t go in, Sir”, he whispered. “It is dangerous…”
Answer:
I stopped my scooter in front of an old and dilapidated building. A haggard, skinny old man with drooping shoulders came towards me. “Don’t go in, Sir”, he whispered. “It is dangerous…” I had no other option but to stop. But the word “dangerous” put me in a deep thought. I was disturbed. I took the old man into my confidence. I took him away from the place to a tea shop. I got him some snacks and tea. After draining these, the man folded his hands to me as a mark of respect, I then asked him about the “goings on” in the building. He said that he was long before the owner of the building.

His only son was then away from this city. After the death of the old man’s wife, the son had got the house in his name. He had also kept the old man in his house. But after a few months, he had driven him away. The old man, since then had been begging for food and roaming around his house, which he owned once. The son had been using this for his “drugs” business, bringing his customers here to enjoy during odd hours. The old man requested me not to reveal this to anyone. But, I explained to him that it is an anti-social activity. With his cooperation, I registered a complaint at the police station and got the old man’s son and his partners arrested.

Project:

Question 1.
Going digital means more transparency, saving of papers, accountability and ease of transaction. The Government has initiated the programme ‘Digital India’. Collect more information about this programme. You can interview people, collect photographs, anecdotes, data, etc. Prepare a report based on your findings.
Answer:
“Digital India” is a campaign launched by the government of India to ensure that the government services are made available to citizens electronically by improved online infrastructure and by increasing internet connectivity or by making the country digitally empowered in the field of technology. The main objective of this initiative is to connect rural areas with high¬speed internet networks

Digital India was launched by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi on July 1, 2015. It consists of three core components :

• Development of secure and stable digital infrastructure
• Delivering government services digitally
• Universal digital literacy.

These components include the following nine-pillars of the Digital India :

• Broadband Highway
• Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity
• Public Internet Access Programme
• E-Governance, reforming Government through Technology
• E-Kranti, electronic delivery of services
• Information for all
• Electronics Manufacturing
• IT for jobs
• Early Harvest Programmes.

(1)

Benefits of Digital India:
The following are the benefits of digital India :

• Digital India initiative helps people connect around the country through technology.
• Financial issues can be handled sitting at home.
• Information can easily be gathered.
• The need to carry regular money can be avoided.
• Easy access to study materials for students has become possible.
• The need for documentation has been reduced.
• Transparency increases.
• Opportunities in IT department have been increased.
• Work from-home-freelancing and other part time opportunities have been increased.
• Emergency situations can be handled easily by utilising the internet.
• Digital locker facility will help citizens to digitally store their important documents like PAN card, Passport, Mark-sheets, etc.
• It will help in achieving universal digital literacy.
• This project will certainly help in improving the ease of doing business.
• It will connect the entire India and bring to the forefront all the hidden talent and enterpreneurs.

As a result of this initiative, the internet subscribers haye increased to 500 million in India till April 2017.

Question 2.
Prepare a street play (nukkad natak) on how someone was duped by an unknown person when he/she was trying to withdraw money from the ATM. And how the bank manager helped him/her in getting back the money. What precautions did the bank manager suggest to avoid such incidents in future?
Enact the nukkad natak in your school assembly/community hall/park, etc.
Answer:
ATM theft has been a serious concern these days especially for a common man. This is a justified concern because nearly 2.59 crore credit cards issued by 56 banks have a transaction worth Rs. 202 crore through ATMs in July 2016. In addition, 69.72 crore debit cards have registered transactions worth Rs. 2.19 lakh crore through ATMs during the same period. The fraudsters are ready to tap into through several loopholes in the system.

Now, we are going to organize a street play (Nukkad natak) showing how someone was duped by an unknown person when he/she was trying to withdraw money from the ATM. We have to involve people standing in ATM queues in our play and share valuable information about ATM transactions, e-wallet and online banking with them. This play will provide some entertainment from the long wait in queue and relevant information on the topic. This show is to be staged near a queue outside the PNB branch ATM at Patparganj, Delhi-110092.

The play starts. My classmate, Anita goes for cash withdrawal to the bank’s ATM. She puts the card in one of the machines, but it is not working. So, she takes out Rs. 2,000 from the other machine and leaves the ATM room. Five minutes later, she gets an alert saying another Rs. 5,000 have been withdrawn.

How does it happen ?
ATM card fraud involves theft of identity or information on your cards. This information is then used to make ATM withdrawals.

How does the Bank Manager help the victim ?
Anita immediately contacts the Branch Manager and tells about the fraud. The Branch Manager asks for video footage of the recent past in the ATM room. He checks for any suspicious activity. It is found that an unknown person has compromised the data. He informs the police, nabs the person and recovers all the money. In this way, he helps her in getting back the money.

Precautions suggested by the Bank Manager:
The following measures can be suggested to avoid such incidents in future :

• Stay away from ATMs that appear dirty or in disrepair.
• Do not use ATMs with unusual signage such as command to enter your PIN twice to complete the transaction.
• Make sure to cover the keypad with your hand while entering the PIN to escape any camera attached nearby.
• Avoid taking the help of any person volunteering to assist you.
• Use only your own bank ATMs, particularly those attached to a bank branch and those that have security guards.
• Protect your Personal Identification Number (PIN) and memorize it.
• Do not write your PIN on the card or share it with anyone, including family and friends.
• Be alert and aware of your surroundings.
• Use ATM that is located in an open space with bright lights.
• If anything looks suspicious, cancel the transaction and leave the area at once.
• If the ATM looks different or appears to have any alterations or attachments to the card slot or PIN pad, do not use it. Immediately report it to the bank.
• If the ATM retains your card, notify the branch as soon as possible.
• Sign your card on the signature panel as soon as you receive it.
• When selecting a PIN, do not use your birth date, telephone number or social security number.
• Do not give your PIN even to the representatives of the bank.
• Keep changing your passwords from time-to- time.
• Register for alerts so that the bank could alert you against any online card transaction or ATM withdrawals the moment these take place.
• Do not use your debit card for e-commerce transactions.

What to do if cheated:
If the ATM theft happens, the following steps should be taken immediately :

• Report the loss immediately to the bank or card provider and have the card blocked.
• Have the customer care number of your bank handy.
• Lodge an FIR at the earliest.
• Further, approach the Nodal Officer and then, the court of law for redressal.

This is the end of our street play. Goodbye, everyone.

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 10

‘Kathmandu’ is an excerpt from the travelogue Heaven Lake written by Vikram Seth. The travelogue is an account of his travel from China, Tibet and Kathmandu to India. Vikram Seth beautifully describes the natural landscape, cultural richness and diversity among people from region to region.

Do you know?
A river in New Zealand has become the first in the world to be recognised as a living entity with the legal status of a person after a 170-year battle by the local Maori people.

The nation’s parliament passed a bill to allow Whanganui River – known by the Maoris as Te Awa Tupua – to represent its own interests and advocate on its own behalf.

This is a unique judgement for sustaining the health and well-being of the river.
(Source: Adapted from The Guardian International Edition, 16 March 2017)

Question 1.
Collect information on similar judgements being taken in the context of river Ganga, and discuss in class.
Answer:
Swami Chidanand Saraswati, president, Parmarth Nike tan Ashram in Rishikesh put forward a proposal to declare the Ganga river as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The proposal was presented to Union Culture Minister Mahesh Sharma, The Ashram believes that recognizing the Ganga itself for its ciiltural heritage would be an important step towards preserving the riverine system which supports 500 million human lives.

Question 2.
Talk about the condition of Bagmati river in Kathmandu written by Vikram Seth.
Answer:
The writer saw some monkeys playfully running down to the river. A corpse was being cremated at the shore. Women were washing their clothes on the banks. Some children were bathing and playing in the river. Someone threw dried flowers from a window into the river as the writer watched.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

When we think of tourism, we think primarily of people who are visiting a particular place for sightseeing, visiting friends and relatives, taking a vacation, and having a good time. They may spend their leisure time engaging in various sports, sunbathing, talking, singing, taking rides, touring, reading or simply enjoying further. We may include in our definition of tourism people who are participating in a convention, a business conference, or some other kind of business or professional activity. Those who are taking a study tour under an expert guide or doing some kind of scientific research or study are also doing tourism.

These visitors use all forms of transportation from hiking in a wilderness park to flying in a jet to an exciting city. Transportation can include taking a chairlift up a Colorado mountainside or standing at the rail of a cruise ship looking across the blue Caribbean. Whether people travel by one of these means or by car, motor coach camper, train, motorbike or bicycle, they are taking a trip and thus are engaging in tourism.
(Adapted from Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies by Charles R. Goeldner and J.R. Brent Ritchie, P. 4)

Question 1.
Tourism is about taking a tour _________.
(a) to a place under an expert guide
(b) for hiking in remote places
(c) for visiting a place for sightseeing
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 2.
By ‘hiking in wilderness’ the author means _________.
(a) taking a long distance walk in abandoned areas
(b) walk in the forest areas
(c) marathon in uninhabited areas
(d) sprinting in abandoned, uninhabited areas
Answer:
(b) walk in the forest areas

Question 3.
A cruise ship is _________.
(a) a large ship that carries people on voyages of pleasure.
(b) a big ship that carries people and goods on special mission.
(c) a large watercraft for carrying passengers from one point to another.
(d) a large ship that carries mail, goods and first aid facilities.
Answer:
(c) a large watercraft for carrying passengers from one point to another.

Question 4.
What all activities do tourists engage in?
Answer:
Tourists engage in various activities based on their interest. Some like sightseeing, visiting friends, sunbathing, touring etc. Those who are more adventurous indulge in adventurous sports. Some tourists are participants in a business convention while some are on study tours.

Question 5.
What are the forms of transportation tourists use for visiting places?
Answer:
Tourists use different means of transport such as flying in a jet or hiking. They also use chairlifts in at high altitudes. Cars, motor coach camper, train, cruise ship, motorbike are some other means of transport used by them.

Read the excerpt and answer the following questions.

Text – II

Following is an excerpt from the travelogue, The Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain. A little after noon on that distinguished Saturday I reached the ship and went on board. All was bustle and confusion. The pier was crowded with carriages and men; passengers were arriving and hurrying on board; the vessel’s decks were encumbered with trunks and valises; groups of excursionists, arrayed in unattractive traveling costumes, were moping about in a drizzling rain and looking as droopy and woebegone as so many molting chickens. The gallant flag was up, but it was under the spell, too, and hung limp and disheartened by the mast. Altogether, it was the bluest, bluest spectacle. It was a pleasure excursion – there was no gainsaying that, because the program said so – it was so nominated in the bond – but it surely hadn’t the general aspect of one.

Question 1.
Why is Saturday described as that distinguished Saturday?
(a) because the much awaited Saturday has come when the voyage has to start.
(b) because Saturday was a holiday.
(c) because it is on Saturday that people were allowed to board the ship.
(d) because it is in the afternoon on Saturday that ship would start the voyage.
Answer:
(a) because the much awaited Saturday has come when the voyage has to start.

Question 2.
Who are excursionists?
(a) They are the research students.
(b) They are pilgrims.
(c) They are musicians.
(d) They are tourists on a leisure trip.
Answer:
(d) They are tourists on a leisure trip.

Question 3.
What was the mood of the people on the ship?
Answer:
The general mood of the people seemed a bit down. The travellers on the deck were wearing unattractive costumes and had an air of sadness. It was drizzling and the weather made the scene even’ more gloomy.

Question 4.
What was the author looking forward to?
Answer:
The author was looking forward to having a pleasureable trip as the program said so. However the general aspect of his fellow travellers promised a gloomy excursion. There was a little or no excitement among them.

Question 5.
Match the words/phrases in Column A with pictures in Column B.

Answer:
1. Pier (e)
2. Deck (c)
3. Carriage (a)
4. Valise (b)
5. Mast (d)

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the phrasal verbs in Column A,with the meanings in Column B.

A	B
(а) Look for (b) Look upto (c) Look forward to (d) Look up	to try to find a piece of information await eagerly having a great deal of respect for a person search

Answer:
(a) Look for – search
(b) Look upto – having a great deal of respect for a person
(c) Look forward to – await eagerly
(d) Look up – to try to find a piece of information

Question 2.
Rewrite the following words by removing the suffix ‘age’.
(a) carriage __________
(b) coverage __________
(c) hermitage __________
(d) marriage __________
Answer:
(a) carry
(b) cover
(c) hermit
(d) marry

Question 3.
Rewrite the following words by adding the suffix ‘ful’.
(а) beauty _________
(b) colour _________
(c) duty _________
(d) revenge _________
(e) help _________
(f) mouth _________
(g) mercy _________
Answer:
(a) beautiful
(b) colourful
(c) dutiful
(d) revengeful
(e) helpful
(f) mouthful
(g) merciful.

Grammar:

Tense:

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully. What is the event described in the passage? Guess when it took place. Underline and name the tenses in the following passage.
This is a good place to enrich ourselves about plant species which are environment friendly. The residents could gather a lot of information about horticulture at the event. Several states from north India are represented at this event and the florists showcase the best of their horticulture at the show.

The organisers said that several events are lined up for Sunday and these include dance, drawing, painting and a fashion show competition, among others. As many as 85 stalls have been put up by florists, gardening equipment wholesalers and seed retailers. Entry to the show has been made free for all. However, this year, it’s the pollution control plants that have been grabbing all eyeballs.

All plants emit oxygen, but it was established in a study conducted by National Aeronautics and Space Administration back in 1989 that some indoor plants could be extremely useful in controlling the air pollution by acting as a Vacuum cleaner’ against the pollutants and absorbing them.

Detox plants, which act as Vacuum cleaners’ inside the house, are a hit in the ongoing event. Nature enthusiasts are preferring them for pollution control as well as interior decoration.
(Source: Hindustan Times, Saturday, 24 Feb. 2018)
Answer:
A horticulture event is described in the passage. It is an ongoing exhibition/show. It must be taking place in the month of July or August.

Present, past, present, present, present, present perfect continuous, present perfect continuous, present perfect continuous, past, present, present.

Editing:

Question 1.
Punctuate the following passage with appropriate punctuation marks.
Kathmandu is vivid mercenary religious with small shrines to flower-adorned deities along the narrowest and busiest streets with fruit sellers flute sellers hawkers of postcards shops selling western cosmetics film rolls and chocolate or copper utensils and nepalese antiques film songs blare out from the radios car horns sound bicycle bells ring stray cows low questioningly at motorcycles vendors shout out their wares

This passage is taken from the text ‘Kathmandu’ by Vikram Seth. You can compare and check your rewritten passage with the passage in the textbook and see how far you are correct.
Answer:
Kathmandu is vivid, mercenary, religious from small shrines to flower-adorned deities along the narrowest and busiest streets; with fruit sellers, flute sellers, hawkers of postcards; shops selling Western cosmetics, film rolls and chocolate; or copper utensils and Nepalese antiques. Film songs blare out from the radios, car horns sound, bicycle bells ring, stray cows low questioningly at motorcycles, vendors shout out their wares.

Listening:

Listen to the passage and answer the questions that follow.

A Visit to Bhitarkanika:
The sun was warm but the sea breeze kept up its cooling effect all along. Soon the steamer turned away and anchored near a creek by the river. The muddy fringe and the mangrove vegetation declared the gateway to the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha. The steamer could not negotiate these creeks at low tide, so a similar motorboat was hired to ferry us to the Dangmal forest rest-house in the heart of the mangrove forest. From the motorboat we had a good look at a large crocodile basking in the sun.

The boat moved on, taking us deeper into the forest. Here we felt as though we had stepped into a time warp. In this awesome and mysterious place, birds of extraordinary plumage appeared before us. For the moment we revelled in the magnificence of nature which had us completely in its thrall. Among the birds, the kingfishers were the stars of the show. Crocodiles large and small, slid into the water at our approach. Through the foliage we could see chital deer delicately browsing on fresh outcrops of leaves.

A herd of wild boar was spotted searching for succulent roots. High above us, open-billed storks stood sentry-like following our progress through their remarkable kingdom. The evening sun was beginning to paint the tree-lined horizon crimson and gold and a brooding silence enveloped us all.
(Source: Steps to English, Workbook for Class IX, NCERT, 2003)

Question 1.
Where was the author going?
Answer:
The author was going to the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha.

Question 2.
Where was the orest rest-house? How did the group manage to get there?
Answer:
The Dangmal forest rest-house was in the heart of the mangrove forest. They travelled on a steamer and later hired a motorboat.

Question 3.
Which creature did they see first?
Answer:
They saw a large crocodile basking in the sun.

Question 4.
What does the author mean by ‘the magnificence of nature’?
Answer:
The author is referring to the extraordinary beauty of birds and natural surroundings which enthralled him.

Question 5.
How are the kingfishers and the open billed storks described?
Answer:
The author believed that kingfishers were the stars of the show. The open-billed storks stood like soldiers, witnessing the tourists roaming around.

Question 6.
What were the chital deer and the wild boar doing when the motorboat went past them?
Answer:
The chital deer was grazing on fresh leaves. A herd of wild boar was spotted searching for succulent roots.

Speaking:

Prepare a short speech on the following and share it in the school assembly.

Question 1.
“Travelling – it offers you a hundred roads to adventure, and gives your heart wings.”
“Travelling – it leaves you speechless, then turns you into a storyteller.” (Ibn Batuta, a 14th century traveller)
“Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one’s lifetime.” (Mark Twain, The Innocents Abroad)
Answer:
Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends, I am here to speak on travelling. Travelling opens up your heart and mind about the world. The delightful experiences that await a person when he travels often impart wisdom. People travel for sight-seeing, for pilgrimage, for business or personal reasons. Travelling means leaving your comfort zone behind and getting into the unknown territory. It brings new challenges of language, culture, lifestyle, terrain that helps a person to learn something new and enrich their mind. It adds to a person’s experience. It broadens our minds as we move beyond our narrow prejudices, ideas and engage with different people and cultures.

Travelling is educational as well as practical. It also brings us closer to nature. We appreciate the lakes, oceans, mountains and sunsets more when we are travelling. It provides a break from our routine life and infuses our mind and body with fresh vigour.

Travelling brings people from different countries, races, classes together. Sharing travelling experiences can help people bond better in social situations. People who travel with friends and families create memories that last a lifetime.

Travelling is a training for one’s, soul as well as for body. It rejuvenates the heart and brings pleasure forever.

Question 2.
The tourism sector can be aligned with the policies of sustainable development.
Answer:
The tourism sector can be aligned with the policies of sustainable development. The tourism sector is thriving and it has become a booming industry. Millions of people travel for pleasure as well as for business and people are spending huge amounts of money to ensure they have a pleasant trip. Sustainable tourism refers to the idea of visiting a place as a tourist and making an effort to leave a positive impact on the environment, society and economy.

The tourist destinations often bear the brunt of high footfalls in peak seasons. There is an increased demand for goods and services, which leads to over exploitation of resources. This practice harms the ecological balance of the region as the resources are exploited ruthlessly by people intent on making a profit. Recently, the hill station Shimla was in news because of acute water scarcity in the region. Bookings were cancelled, businesses suffered and tourists were stranded. It put focus on the importance of aligning tourism with sustainable development.

It has become the need of the hour to use the available resources judiciously. Use of local resources should be prioritised and environmentally conscious businesses should get preference. Tourists should also support and respect the local cultures and traditional values. It would build the path towards ‘responsible’ and ‘sustainable’ tourism.

Writing:

Question 1.
Read/watch the advertisements on ‘ tourism. You can also watch the Kerala Tourism advertisement film ‘A Reading Room With a View’ which is on the cultural diversity of Kerala. The film is awarded the best film in 60 second category at the prestigious Kyoorius Awards.

Now create an advertisement for your city or state for promoting tourism.
Answer:
Delhi:
Explore the walled city!

• Gorge on parathas in purani delhi !
• Shop at connaught place till you drop !
• Visit the tombs and qillas !
• We have something for everyone !

Come, explore the Capital and satiate your cravings (a Delhi Tourism Initiative)

Question 2.
Write a paragraph describing a journey, imaginary, or you have undertaken.
You can follow the steps given below :
1. Prepare an itinerary.
2. You can make use of the following expressions, phrases and proverbs frequently used by the travellers.
Jetlag, itchy feet, hit the road, time table, on the home stretch, call it a day, book in advance, travel over, travel through, travel light, any port in a storm, stopover, etc.
Answer:
Paragraph Writing:
It was two in the morning when we started our final journey towards Guru Dongmar Lake which is 18,000 ft above sea level. It was eerie to drive on mountain roads in darkness. The light began filtering in, we could see frozen mountain peaks, frozen river and also, Chinese soldiers watching the vehicles. When we reached the lake, it was a sublime experience.

The oxygen was less at that altitude so we took deep breaths and walked slowly. Our sneakers could not keep out the cold and we kept stamping our feet to keep them warm. The lake was entirely frozen except for one small area. There was also a small temple near the lake. We clicked pictures and just gazed speechlessly at the marvellous view before us. Soon it was time to return to Gangtok. We took a deep breath, took some selfies and left.

Project:

Question 1.
You have read about the mesmerising effect of the music of flute on Vikram Seth in ‘Kathmandu’.
Do you know the instruments for Sufi music differ from one culture to another? In Turkey, Iran and North Africa, the most prominent instrument is the ‘Ney’ which is the reed flute. In Sufi music the ‘Ney’ is accompanied by string instruments like saz, santoor, rubab, etc.

Create a class magazine on music and artists. Some suggestions are given below.

• Collect information on the commonly used musical instruments in the following categories
• Indian classical music
• Ghazal singing
• Bharatnatayam, Chau and Kathak dance
• Folk music
• Jazz
• Collect photographs of musical instruments.
• Prepare brief biographical sketches of musicians, dancers, costume designers, artists, etc. You can meet some of them or collect information from sources like books, Internet, magazines, newspapers, etc.
• Give a suitable name to the magazine.

Answer:
Class Magazine
Musical Instruments
Sources
www.culturalindia.net
wikipedia.org
www.swarganga.org
www.sahajayogaportal.org
Musicians –

Question 2.
Plan a trip to the Northeast region of the country by road. Explore the various possibilities of travel. Also, create a map of your travel.
NOTES
Answer:
Road Trip to Sikkim from Siliguri

Day 1	Start from Siliguri Reach Gangtok in the evening
Day 2	Travelling to Lachen Stay overnight
Day 3	Drive towards Thanger and Gurudongmar Lake Stay at Lachung village
Day 4	Visit Yunthang Valley
Day 5	Return to Gangtok Visit Lai Bazar and M.G. Road
Day 6	Visit Tsongmo Lake
Day 7	Visit Rumteh Monastery Return to Siliguri

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 9

Look at the pictures given below. Discuss with a friend and answer the following questions briefly.

Question 1.
Do you think animals have emotions?
Answer:
Yes, animals have emotions and they try to express them through various gestures and cries.

Question 2.
Do you think most people care for animals? Why do you think so?
Answer:
No, most people do not care for animals. There are poachers who kill endangered species for personal profit. There are also people who run circus which exploits animals.

Question 3.
What kind of animals can you keep as pets?
Answer:
Dogs, cats, squirrels, rabbits, turtles, parrots are some animals that we can keep as pets.

Question 4.
Are you scared of some animals? Why?
Answer:
I am scared of snakes because many of them are poisonous.

Question 5.
Can you name any endangered species?
Answer:
Blackbuck, Bengal Tiger, Snow Leopard, Indian Rhionoceros are a few of the endangered animals.

Question 6.
What can people learn from animals?
Answer:
We can learn several lessons like compassion, patience, perseverance and survival instincts from animals.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

Though the house and grounds belonged to my grandparents, the magnificent old banyan tree was mine – chiefly because Grandfather, at sixty-five, could no longer climb it.

Its spreading branches, which hung to the ground and took root again, forming a number of twisting passages, gave me endless pleasure. Among them were squirrels and snails and butterflies. The tree was older than the house, older than grandfather, as old as Dehra Dun itself. I could hide myself in its branches, behind thick green leaves, and spy on the world below.

My first friend was a small squirrel. At first, he seemed to resent my invasion of his privacy. But when he found that I did not arm myself with a catapult, he became friendly, and when I started bringing him pieces of cake and biscuit he grew quite bold and was soon taking food from my hand. Before long, he was delving into my pockets and helping himself to whatever he could find. (Source: An extract from The Banyan Tree, by Ruskin Bond)

Read the statements given below and tick the correct option to complete each statement.

Question 1.
The writer says that the tree belonged to him because
(a) his grandfather had gifted it to him.
(b) his grandfather was too old to climb it.
(c) he was very fond of it.
(d) his friend the squirrel lived in it.
Answer:
(b) his grandfather was too old to Climb it.

Question 2.
The tree was ________.
(a) as old as the grandfather.
(b) as old as the house.
(c) as old as Dehra Dun.
(d) as old as the writer.
Answer:
(c) as old as Dehra Dun.

Question 3.
The writer could hide behind the trees because ________.
(а) it was old.
(b) it had branches with thick green leaves.
(c) he was small.
(d) there were many creatures on the tree.
Answer:
(b) it had branches with thick green leaves.

Question 4.
Which of the following happened first in the story?
(a) the squirrel delved into my pocket.
(b) the squirrel resented my presence.
(c) the squirrel started taking food from my hands.
(d) the squirrel became friendly.
Answer:
(b) the squirrel resented my presence.

Question 5.
The main purpose of the last paragraph was ________.
(a) to describe the banyan tree.
(b) to describe what the squirrel liked to eat.
(c) to describe the writer’s friendship with the squirrel.
(d) to describe the creatures living in the tree.
Answer:
(c) to describe the writer’s friendship with the squirrel.

Text – II

I was lying on a ridge scanning with field glasses a rock cliff opposite me for the most sure-footed of all Himalayan goats. On a ledge halfway up the cliff, a tahr (a mountain goat) and her kid were lying asleep. Presently the tahr got to her feet, stretched herself, and the kid immediately began to feed. After a minute, the mother freed herself and took a few steps along the ledge. She poised for a moment, then jumped down on to another narrower ledge some twelve to fifteen feet below her. As soon as it was left alone, the kid started running backwards and forward, stopping every now and then to peer down at its mother.

But the kid was unable to summon the courage to jump down to the mother. For below the narrow ledge, was a sheer drop of a thousand feet. I was too far away to hear whether the mother was encouraging her young. But from the way her head was turned, I believe she was doing so. The kid was now getting more and more agitated. Fearing that it would do something foolish, the mother went to what looked like a mere crack in the vertical rock face. She climbed it and reached her young. Immediately on doing so she lay down, presumably to prevent the kid from feeding.

After a little while she got to her feet again and allowed the kid to drink for a minute. Once again she poised carefully on the brink, and jumped down. The kid again ran backwards and forward above her. Seven times in the course of the next half-hour, this procedure was gone through. Finally the kid, abandoning itself to its fate, jumped and landed safely beside its mother. The kid was rewarded by being allowed to drink its fill. (Adapted from Snippets (online) W.M. Hoerr, 1954, PP. 115-116; Living in Amazement- The Evolution-Path/snippe tsevolution-path.com)

Question 1.
Which of the following best describes the tahr as a surefooted mountain goat?
(a) the mother was encouraging her young
(b) poised carefully on the brink, and jumped down
(c) it was safe to follow where she led
(d) Seven times.. this procedure was gone through
Answer:
(b) poised carefully on the brink, and jumped down

Question 2.
Which of the following can replace “abandoning itself to its fate”?
(а) making the most of the situation
(b) taking the bull by the horns
(c) resigning to one’s luck
(d) compromising with the situation
Answer:
(c) resigning to one’s luck

Question 3.
How was the kid encouraged to follow its mother?
Answer:
The mother kept encouraging her kid to jump by patiently showing him how to do it. After she jumped for the seventh time, the kid followed her. He was rewarded by being allowed to drink to its fill.

Question 4.
Select the pair of words that tell us how the mother taught the kid:
(a) with agility and surefootedness
(b) with severity and punishment
(c) with patience and perseverance
(d) with praise and reward
Answer:
(c) with patience and perseverance

Question 5.
The mother goat feared that the kid “would do something foolish” like ________.
(а) drink more milk than required
(b) throw itself off the cliff
(c) follow her down the vertical rock face
(d) continue to pace up and down indefinitely
Answer:
(b) throw itself off the cliff

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Look at the sentences below. The words in italics are adjectives. See how the adjectives are used.
1. He scratched me with his hooked claws. (The claws are hooked.)
2. Everybody saluted the armed Forces. (The Forces are armed.)
3. Students happily completed all the delightful activities. (The activities are delightful.)
4. The useful tips given by the grandmother were beneficial for us. (The tips are useful.)
Now fill in the blanks with the appropriate adjective given in the brackets after every sentence.
(a) Children suffer in winter because of nose. (blocking/blocked)
(b) The Municipality was commended for the gardens. (beautified/beautiful)
(c) The young students are looking for buildings. (protective/protected)
(d) My sister is a dancer. (gracious/graceful)
(e) We are thankful for his hospitality. (extensive/extended)
Answer:
(a) blocked
(b) beautiful
(c) protected
(d) graceful
(e) extended.

Question 2.
Read the sentence from the chapter given below.
1.I got him for her by accident.
The meaning of the sentence is – I brought him (Bruno) for her (my wife) by accident. ‘Got’ is the past tense of ‘get’.
Now read the sentences given below and try to find out the meaning of‘got’ from the context. You may use a dictionary to know the use of ‘got’ in a variety of situations.
Then write the meaning in the bracket provided.
(a) She got nothing for all the troubles she took.
( _____________________ )

(b) I requested her and she got a pillow for me.
( _____________________ )

(c) I got groceries from the market.
( _____________________ )

(d) He got information from the Railway station.
( _____________________ )

(e) Rita got high marks in Economics.
( _____________________ )

(f) Vijayan could not play badminton as he had got his arm broken.
( _____________________ )
Answer:
(a) Here ‘got’ means ‘to receive’. She received nothing for all the troubles she took.

(b) ‘Got’ means brought in this sentence.
I requested her and she brought a pillow for me.

(c) Here ‘got’ means ‘brought’.
I brought groceries from the market. id) ‘Got’ means ‘to acquire’ in this sentence.
He acquired information from the Railway station.

(d) ‘Got’ means ‘to acquire’ here.
Rita acquired high marks in Economics.

(f) ‘Got’ means ‘to be afflicted with; come down with or suffer from’.
Vijayan could not play badminton as he came down with his arm broken.

Grammar:

1. Adverbs:
You have already read about adverbs in Unit 1 of Beehive, Class IX. Adverbs are used to modify verbs. Use the adverbs given in the box appropriately to complete the passage below.
geographically, exclusively, consequently, gradually, initially.
Project Tiger aims at the conservation of tigers. For this purpose, the government is creating forests for the tiger population. ________ in 1973, there were only nine tiger reserves but ________ the number has risen to fifty. These reserves are ________ meant for tigers but many more other animals also find a habitat in these reserves. the number of all types of wild anihials is on the rise. Project Tiger now covers ________ 2.2% of the country’s total area.
Answer:
(1) Initially
(2) gradually
(3) exclusively
(4) consequently
(5) geographically

2. Narrative present:
We sometimes use the present tense to describe past events. This is called the ‘narrative present’. This has been explained in the lesson ‘Bond of Love’, Beehive, page no. 121. Read again the explanation and exercises. Change the following narration given in the past tense using the present form and rewrite in the box provided.

The book was open on the boy’s lap, but he did not look at it. He sat with his eyes glued to the passing scenery outside the train’s window. The cattle grazed in the fields. A child ran with a kite along the tracks. Flowers swayed with the wind. The train entered slowly into the platform. When it stopped, he thrust his book into his backpack, picked it up and got out.
Answer:
The book is open on the boy’s lap, but he does not look at it. He sits with his eyes glued to the passing scenery outside the train’s window. The cattle graze in the fields. A child runs with a kite along the tracks. Flowers sway with the wind. The train enters slowly into the platform. When it stops, he thrusts his book into his backpack, picks it up and gets out.

Editing:

Question 1.
Read the story given here. Use inverted commas wherever necessary, punctuate the story and correct the spelling errors. Then rewrite the story in the space provided.
Puppies for Sale:
A little boy appeared under the store owner’s signboards, “Puppies for Sale.” “How much are you going to sell the puppies for?” he asked polite.
The store owner replied, Anywhere from Rs 300 to Rs 500.
I have Rs 150, the little boy said soft. Can I please look at them ?
The store owner smiled and whistled, and out of the kennel came five teeny, tiny balls of fur. One puppy was lagging considerab behind. Immediate the little boy singled out the lagging, limping puppy and said curious, What’s wrong with that little dog ?

The owner explained that it had no hip socket, it would always be lame. The little boy became excited. That is the little puppy that I want to buy. The store owner said apologitic, Nd, you don’t want to buy that little dog. If you really want him. I’ll just give him to you.

The little boy got quite upset. He looked strainghtly into the store owner’s eyes. Pointing his finger, he said, I don’t want you to give him to me. That little dog is worth every bit as much as all the other dogs and I’ll pay full price. In fact, I’ll give you Rs. 150 now, and 5 rupees a month until I have him paid for.

The store owner countered forcib, You really don’t want to buy this little dog. It is never going to be able to run and jump and play with you like the other puppies. to this, the little boy slowingly reached down and rolled up his trousers leg to reveal a badly twisted, crippled left leg supported by a big metal brace. He looked up at the store owner and softly replied, Well, I don’t run so well myself, and the little puppy will need someone who understand it!
(Source: Steps to English, Workbook for Class X, NCERT, 2003, P. 98 [An excerpt from Chicken Soup for the Soul, by Dan Clark])
Answer:
A little boy appeared under the store owner’s signboards, “Puppies for Sale.” “How much are you going to sell the puppies for?” he asked politely. The store owner replied, “Anywhere from Rs 300 to Rs 500.” ‘

“I have Rs 150”, the little boy said softly. “Can I please look at them ?”

The store owner smiled and whistled, and out of the kennel came five teeny, tiny balls of fur. One puppy was lagging considerably behind. Immediately, the little boy singled out the lagging, limping puppy and said curiously, “What’s wrong with that little dog ?”

The owner explained that it had no hip socket, it would always be lame. The little boy became excited, “That is the little puppy I want to buy.” The store owner said apologetically, “No, you don’t want to buy that little dog. If you really want him, I’ll just give him to you.”

The little boy got quite upset. He looked straight into the store owner’s eyes. Pointing his finger, he said, “I don’t want you to give him to me. That little dog is worth every bit as much as all the other dogs and I’ll pay full price. In fact, I’ll give you Rs. 150 now, and 5 rupees a month until I have paid for him.”

The store owner countered forcibly, ‘You really don’t want to buy this little dog. It is never going to be able to run and jump and play with you like the other puppies.” To this, the little boy slowly reached down and rolled up his trousers leg to reveal a badly twisted, crippled left leg supported by a big metal brace. He looked up at the store owner and softly replied, “Well, I don’t run so well myself, and the little puppy will need someone who understands it!”

Question 2.
Rearrange each set of words to make sentences. Use appropriate punctuation marks.
(a) in suspense, thing, it is, to live, a miserable
(b) lessons, taught, us, has, experience, many
(c) boy, all work, a dull, Jack, and, makes, no play
(d) skill, requires, to drive, care, a motor-car, and
(e) at the end, very tired, the postman, looked, of the day
Answer:
(a) It is a miserable thing to live in suspense.
(b) Experience has taught us many lessons.
(c) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
(d) To drive a motor-car requires skill and care.
(e) The postman looked very tired at the end of the day.

Listening:

Teacher: The callous attitude of man towards the animals has put their existence in peril. Killing animals for food, fun and sport has endangered many a species.

Listen to this text on the dangers to wildlife. As you listen, tick the correct choice to complete the sentences: Wild animals are under constant danger of extinction due to many reasons. Fewer and fewer natural wildlife habitat areas are available to the wild animals each year. The forests and bushy lands that remain now are so damaged, they do not look like the wild areas which existed in the past. Loss of forests due to cutting down of trees is the main threat to the survival of wildlife.

Another reason is global warming. Due to this, the summer days are getting hotter. There is more rainfall. Flooding of rivers has become heavier due to more rain. Storms are getting stronger. Heat, floods and storms are also causing dangerous changes to our world.

Illegal hunting of wild animals is another cause behind the loss of wildlife. Pollution released into the environment affect wild animals in exactly the same way those affect the humans. Pesticides and chemicals make the environment toxic for all wild animals.

What can we do to change such a situation? What can improve the size and the conditions of our forests?

Question 1.
Tick the correct answers as you listen. Complete the sentences using the correct answers after you have listened to the passage.
(a) For many reasons, ________ (forests/wild animals) are under constant threat.
(b) The natural wildlife habitat is ________(decreasing/remaining) in size.
(c) The other reasons that threaten wildlife are ________ (hotter summer days and floods, wild areas).
(d) People kill wild animals ________ (illegally/ legally).
(e) The environment for all the wild animals has become toxic because of ________ and ________ (pesticides, flood water, chemicals, hot wind).
Answer:
(a) wild animals
(b) decreasing
(c) hotter summer days and floods
(d) illegally
(e) pesticides, chemicals

Speaking:

Question 1.
Find out the following information about your favourite wild animal.
(a) Where it lives
(b) How it looks
(c) What it eats
(d) When it comes out to search for food
(e) What its babies are called
(f) Who its friends are
(g) Who its enemies are
(h) How human beings can help its survival?
Answer:
My favourite wild animal is Sloth Bear.
(a) It occurs in a wide range of habitats including wet and dry tropical forests, Savannahs, scrublands and grasslands below 1,500 m on the Indian subcontinent, and below 300 m in Srilanka’s dry forests.

(b) Sloth bear fur is completely black. It is long, shaggy and unkempt. Its muzzles are thick and long, with small jaws and bulbous snouts with wide nostrils. It has a long lower lip. It is lanky, has mane around the face and long, sickle shaped claws.

(c) Sloth bear mainly eats termites. It may supplement its diet with fruit and plant matter. They are also fond of honey, sugarcane, grubs etc.

(d) It comes out in search of food in the late evenings and at night. Female sloth bear with its cubs prefers to hunt for food during daytime to escape the nocturnal predators.

(e) Babies of sloth bear are called ‘CUBS’.

(f) Its friends are Asiatic black bears, Sun bears.

(g) Its enemies are tigers, leopards, wolves.

(h) Human beings can help its survival by protecting their natural habitats and by preventing their hunting by the poachers. Strict enforcement of laws which are made by the government can save them from extinction.

Question 2.
Now, pretend that you are your favourite animal. Tell the class about yourself using the information you have collected.
Answer:
Bengal Tiger:
Hello friends!
I am the famous Bengal Tiger. I rank among the biggest wild cats alive today. I am the national animal of both India and Bangladesh.

I inhabit tropical moist evergreen forests, tropical dry forests and mangroves. Today these kind of habitats are found near the Himalayas and the Sunderbans.

I look fierce and glorious with my striped coat which ranges from yellow to orange colour. My tail is orange with black rings. I am a solitary animal. I generally hunt and eat forest and tall grassland animals such as chital, sambar, gaur, wild boar, nilgai etc. I generally hunt at night.

My young ones are called cubs. I stay away from larger animals such as Indian elephant and rhinoceros. Human beings pose a threat to my existence. Poaching, illegal occupation of land, destruction of wild areas are resulting in decrease in our population.

There is a need to have protected wildlife regions for our species and other endangered species, strict action and penalty should be imposed on pdachers.

Writing:

Discuss the picture with a friend. Together write an imaginary dialogue between the bear and the girl.

Girl : ________
Bear : ________
Girl : ________
Bear : ________
Girl : ________
Bear : ________
Girl : ________
Bear : ________
Answer:

• Girl : “Hello there ! How are you, Mr. Bear ?”
• Bear : “Oh hello, little girl. I am fine.”
• Girl : “Is it true that your grandparents were tied up and made to perform antics on roads by human beings ?”
• Bear : “Sadly, yes ! My grandfather died after he was beaten up by his master.”
• Girl : “That’s horrible ! I hope you are free to do things as you please.”
• Bear : “I’m in a zoo. It’s a comfortable place but I wish I were in forest, free as a bird.”
• Girl : “I hope your dream becomes a reality soon. Bye, bye Bear.”
• Bear : “Thanks, little girl. Bye bye”.

Project:

Visit your school library, read newspapers and discuss with your elders in your family to get information related to various activities, campaigns and news items about animal welfare. You can also do web search using keywords like endangered animals, animal rights, animal welfare, etc.

Write a note of about 300 – 400 words describing the facts on the animal. Draw/paste picture as suitable.
Note the following points:
1. animal in concern
2. year of origin of the project/activities/campaign, etc.
3. information regarding the animal
4. human – animal relationship
Answer:
Olive Ridley Sea Turtle:

Turtles have had an infamous past when it comes to the stories told by humans. The turtle who won the race despite being slower than a rabbit, is cited by many.

The Olive Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys Olivacea) is found in abundance in Pacific and Indian Oceans. However, large scale exploitation and trading of Olive Ridley skins has made it necessary to include these turtles in the ‘Vulnerable’ list by IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Olive Ridley turtles are best known for Arribada – their unique mass nesting. In this the same beach is used by hundreds and thousands of females to lay eggs. Growing to about 2 feet in length and weighing around 50 kg, it has an olive colored carapace which is rounded and shaped like a heart. They are carnivores and feed on fish, shrimp, snails, crabs and their eggs.

Olive Ridley turtles face serious threats from animals like jackals, birds, hyenas and even dogs. WWF India along with fishermen have been involved in protecting the mass nesting site at Rushikulaya, Orissa. Olive Ridleys also face threats from turtle unfriendly fishing practices, development and exploitation of nesting beaches for ports, and centres for tourism. To reduce accidental killings in India, Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) are mandatory. Such measures have helped to reduce the accidental killings.

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 8

You have read about Santosh Yadav, the youngest woman in the world to have conquered Mount Everest in 1992. You must have heard or read about Poorna, who at the age of 13 years 11 months, became the youngest girl in the world to have scaled Mount Everest in 2014, with sheer determination and willpower. You would have also read about Maria Sharapova who bagged the Women’s Singles crown at Wimbledon in 2004. She was determined, tough, competitive, and hard-working with unwavering desire. Both of them had big dreams from a very young age.

Question 1.
Do you have the passion to do something other than your studies like these two icons have ? (Be it music, dance, theatre, trekking, watersport, painting, football, cricket, etc.)
Answer:
Apart from studies, I am extremely passionate about becoming a musician. I strongly feel music is the love of my life. It accords me inner peace and happiness. It never fails to uplift my mood whenever I feel low spiritied.

Question 2.
Do you find any difficulty in pursuing your passion?
Answer:
Other than the fact that I may not be able to spare out time from my work schedule to pursue a devoted career in music, I experience no obstruction or difficulty as such.

Question 3.
Who gives you support and encouragement to go ahead with your passion?
Answer:
have been lucky to have parents who under-stand me and recognise my talents and desires. They are always ready to extend their full support and encouragement in everything that I choose to do.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the following passage carefully. Based on your reading, answer the following questions in he space provided.

Text – I

On 3 August 1996, Leander Paes became the first Indian to win an individual medal in 44 years when he defeated Fernando Meligeni of Brazil in an exciting match in the Centennial Olympic Games at Atlanta. Paes ranked 31 places below the Brazilian, played with grsto and determination against a player who has two ATP tour titles under his belt, and clinched the bronze medal. He was given a standing ovation when Paes raised his hand in triumph and said a silent prayer.

Leander’s father had won a bronze medal in the Munich Olympics 1972 as a member of the Indian hockey team. It is creditable to Leander Paes as he got it in an individual event.

Later he dedicated the medal to his coach and his doubles teammate. “They have helped me out and given me advice and kept me in good frame of mind. This medal doesn’t just show my efforts, it shows the efforts of the whole team.”

Paes was recognised as a prodigy by Vijay Amritraj in the ’80s..Even so, Paes’ true mentor has been Naresh Kumar, the former Indian Davi^ Cup Captain. His incredible Davis Cup record speaks for itself. While it may be said that some of his Davis Cup victories were achieved because he was playing on his favourite surface, grass and enjoyed home support. But at Atlanta, Paes had none of these advantages except his coach, close family members and the expatriates. While Davis Cup victories bring in good cash rewards and ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) points, there he was playing for just a medaj. Paes explains it all when he says, “When I am playihg for my country I don’t expect anything.” That straightaway sets him apart.

He succeeds because of his willingness to take his chances, swift reflexes and mental strength, and the fact that he does not accept defeat easily.
(Source: http://www.jhs.ac.in/pdf7 Cbse-qp/Grade-9/English/5 .pdf)

Question 1.
Leander’s victory at Atlanta is significant because
Answer:
he became the first Indian to win an individual medal in 44 years.

Question 2.
His father’s Olympic triumph in 1972 was different from his own because it was
Answer:
a bronze medal in the Munich Olympics as a member of the Indian Hockey team.

Question 3.
Leander gave credit to his coach and his teammate in doubles for his victory. How did they help him?
Answer:
They helped him out and gave him advice and kept him in good frame of mind. The medal showed the effort of the whole team.

Question 4.
If you are required to sum up Leander’s qualities as a player, which one would you like to highlight and why?
Answer:
Determination, humbleness, swift reflexes and mental strength are some of the qualities that he posesses. The best quality is not to accept defeat easily as it helps you to try harder and harder.

Question 5.
In India, while registering his victories in Davis Cup one could say that he won because.
Answer:
he was playing on his favourite surface, grass and enjoyed home support.

Question 6.
At Atlanta he won because
Answer:
of his willingness to take, chances, swift reflexes and mental strength and due to the fact that he not accept defeat easily.

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow:

Text – II

Where the Mind is Without Fear:
Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;
Where knowledge is free;
Where the world has not been broken up into fragments
By narrow domestic walls;
Where words come out from the depth of truth;
Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection;
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way
Into the dreary desert sand of dead habits;
Where the mind is led forward by thee
Into ever-widening thought and action;
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake
– Rabindranath Tagore

Question 1.
Given here are certain ideas from the poem “Where the mind is without fear” by Rabindranath Tagore. Identify the lines from the poem that refer to these and write the lines in the space given below.
(a) Everybody should be able to learn.
(b) There ought not to be a division among people on the basis of caste, class, creed, religion or any other such basis.
(c) People should be honest and speak out their heart.
(d) Actions should stem from logic and not superstitions and beliefs, leading to progress.
(e) People to be free of fear and oppression.
(f) The poet is addressing _______ so that _______.
Answer:
(a) Where knowledge is free.
(b) Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls.
(c) Where words come out from the depth of truth.
(d) Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habits.
(e) Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high.
(f) God; he makes his country awake.

Question 2.
This poem was written by Rabindranath Tagore much before India attained freedom. What, do you think, is the significance of these lines in the context of his time?
Answer:
The poet wants freedom, not only in terms of independence, but also freedom from illiteracy, poverty, superstitions and all kinds of barriers in the path of living freely.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Suggest a word for each sentence/phrase correctly. Refer to the chapter ‘Reach for the Top, Part F given in your textbook, Beehive. The paragraph numbers where these words are used, are given in brackets.
(a) A state of happiness and satisfaction. (2)
(b) An action or way of behaving that is usual in tradition. (3)
(c) A word or statement that expresses agreement or confirmation. (5)
(d) The ability to withstand hardship or adversity. (7)
(e) Final stage of something you’ve been working towards. (7)
Answer:
(a) Contentment
(b) custom
(c) affirmative
(d) resistance
(e) culmination

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks using the words given in the box. These words are taken from the chapter ‘Reach for the Top’ of your textbook, Beehive. You can refer to a dictionary to find out the meanings of these words.
prevails – positive – apology – affluent
expedition – culmination
(a) She wears expensive dresses and jewellery. It seems she belongs to an family.
(b) At present, political turmoil in most parts of the world.
(c) Mr Khanna admitted his mistake by writing a letter of _____ to the Head of the Department.
(d) The Director was quite _____ while addressing his employees.
(e) The result that you see today is a _____ of years of hardwork and dedication.
(f) School children went on a weeklong _____ during their summer holidays.
Answer:
(a) affluent
(b) prevails
(c) apology
(d) positive
(e) culmination
(f) expedition.

Question 3.
Playing with the words: How many words can you make from the words given below?

1. vocal	1. labour
(i) Coal	(i) Bolar
(ii) Oval	(ii) Boral
(iii) Cola	(ii) Labor
_______	(iv) Blur
_______	(v) Boar
	(vi) oral

Question 4.
An idiomatic expression is a group of words with a special meaning. The individual words in the expression do not mean what they otherwise stand for.
Example:
Maria Sharapova cannot be ‘pigeon-holed’ or categorised. Her talent, unwavering desire to succeed and readiness to sacrifice have lifted her to the top offhe world.

Here pigeon-holed does not mean that there is a hole for the pigeon to its nest. But it means that someone or something belongs to a particular type or group; is categorised, especially without knowing much about them.

Now, consult a dictionary and match the following idiomatic expressions given in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’.

Column A	Column B
1. eager beaver	(a) something or someone provides a lot of money for little effort
2. cash cow	(b) very careless in the way a person moves or behaves
3. kangaroo court	(c) wait and be patient
4. bull in a china shop	(d) a keen and enthusiastic person who works very hard
5. hold your horses	(e) an unofficial court or meeting that disregards current laws and conducts unfair trials

Answer:
1. (d); 2. (a); 3. (e); 4. (b); 5. (c)

Grammar:

In the chapter ‘Reach for the Top’ in Beehive, you have read that two clauses in a sentence have their own subject and verb or verb phrase. One part of the sentence (or one clause) tells us why or when something happened.

Examples:

• I read Sherlock Holmes while I was on holiday.
• It was raining heavily when I got home in the evening.
• I will phone you when I go to the clinic.
• Can I borrow your book when you have finished it?

Question 1.
Match each of the sentence halves given below to make meaningful sentences.

1. He was found guilty of driving	(a) when she tripped over.
2. I get a pain in my knee	(b) when the mother left.
3. The boy started to cry	(c) I switched on the emergency light.
4. Rainy was walking along the footpath	(d) when you cross my house.
5. When the lights went out	(e) while he was under the influence of alcohol.
6. You will see the river	(f) when I walk up the stairs.

Answer:
1. (e); 2. (f); 3. (b); 4. (a); 5. (c); 6. (d)

Question 2.
Make one sentence combining the two statements given below.
Example:
Its getting dark.
Let’s go home before that.
Let’s go home before it gets dark.
(a) She must clean the room.
I won’t enter the room until this is done.
________________ until.

(b) I will do the cooking.
Then I will come to your house.
________________ after

(c) I will go to the library.
Then I will issue the book for you.
________________ when

(d) Evening came.
They rested.
________________ when

(e) The salesman came.
Rita was eating her breakfast.
________________ while

(f) We went to see the play with grandfather.
Do you remember?
________________ when
Answer:
(a) I won’t enter the room until she cleans it.
(b) I will come to your house after I do the cooking.
(c) I will issue the book for you when I go to the library.
(d) They rested when evening came.
(e) The salesman came while Rita was eating her breakfast.
Or
Rita was eating her breakfast while the salesman came.
(f) Do you remember when we went to see the play with grandfather ?

Editing:

Question 1.
In each of the following sentences you have to remove or add a word or a phrase to make the sentence grammatically correct. Write the correct sentences in the space given below.
(а) Maria Sharapova likes to be dancing, singing and fashion.
(b) She has love for pancakes with chocolate spread and fizzy orange drinks.
(c) Maria had to be leave her mother behind in Siberia at age of nine.
(d) She put with insults and humiliation in order to realise dream of becoming a tennis star.
(e) Her dream was to be number one world tennis.
Answer:
(a) Maria Sharapova likes to dance, sing and fashion.
(b) She loves pancakes with chocolate spread and fizzy orange drinks.
(c) Maria had to leave her mother behind in Siberia at the age of nine.
(d) She put up with insults and humiliation in order to realise her dream of becoming a tennis star.
(e) Her dream was to become number one world tennis player/star.

Question 2.
There are spelling errors in the paragraph given here. Correct the spelling errors and rewrite the paragraph with appropriate punctuation marks in the given space.
Savitribai Phule
“Awake Arise, and Educate.
Smash traditions – Liberate”
First female teacher of Indias first womens school, founder of the modern Marathi poetry at a time when womens potential and celibre were underrestimmated she worked for the uplifftment and educasion of females in the country with her husbands help, she opened a school for untouchable girls Orrthodox individuals from the upper cast used to mock at her eforts and throw stones and dung on her nevertheless she continued with her teaching the British govenment honoured her contribution to eduction later on.
Answer:
First female teacher of India’s first women’s school, founder of Modern Marathi poetry at the time when women’s potential and calibre was under estimated, she worked for the upliftment and education of females in the country. With her husband’s help, she opened a school for untouchable girls. Orthodox individuals from the upper caste used to mock at her efforts and throw stones and dung on her. Nevertheless, she continued with her teaching. The British government honoured her contributions to education, later on.

Listening:

Your teacher or a classmate will read the excerpt given below. Listen to it carefully and answer the questions.
Harvard-MIT researcher, Hugh Herr, is familiar with the obstacles faced by amputees. A world-class mountain climber at the age of 17, Herr and a friend were trapped in a snowstorm while ascending New Hampshire’s Mount Washington in 1982. After three days without food or camping gear, the two were rescued, but frostbite cost Herr both his legs, which were amputated just below the knee. Herr was fitted with prostheses, but he soon discovered that they were developed for walking on flat surfaces, and not for taking on advanced functions like climbing or running. With the same determination that he once applied to climbing, he set out to create a better prosthetic leg. He worked with an engineering shop to fashion his own prostheses, tinkering with customised sockets and lighter materials. He even designed artificial feet specially made for climbing rock (built flat and narrow for getting a toehold in cracks and ice featuring sharp spikes).

“I experienced a tremendous amount of pain from prosthetic limbs at first”, Herr says. “So I decided to go back to school and learn about physics and engineering to try to solve these problems.” Herr obtained a Master’s degree in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1993 and a doctorate in biophysics from Harvard five years later.

After struggling for a decade to come up with a better prosthetic limb, just getting the knee to market will be a personal triumph for Herr – yet another mountain conquered. “It’s been a long road”, he says. “But I think I’m finally in a position to make a difference.” (Adapted from ‘Bom to Run’, Evan Ratliff, Span,
Sep.-Oct. 2002, Steps to English, Workbook for Class X, NCERT, 2003, p. 43)

Question 1.
What happened to Hugh Herr at the age of 17?
Answer:
He and a friend were trapped in a snowstorm while ascending New Hampshire’s Mount Washington in 1982.

Question 2.
What happened to both of his legs?
Answer:
Both of his legs were amputated just below the knees.

Question 3.
What were the two things he was unable to do with the prostheses?
Answer:
He was unable to climb or run with the prostheses.

Question 4.
Why did he decide to go back to school?
Answer:
He decided to go back to school in order to learn about physics and engineering.

Question 5.
What degrees did he get from MIT and Harvard?
Answer:
He obtained a Master’s degree in mechanical engineering from MIT and a doctorate in biophysics from Harvard.

Speaking:

Question 1.
In a group of three, read aloud the dialogues. You are Kiran and your two partners are Sunita and Sarita. Then fill in the table given below.
Sunita : What kind of things do you like to do in your free time?
Kiran : I like playing basketball. I play on a city team every Saturday afternoon. It helps me stay fit and happy. I have made some good friends!
Sarita : I didn’t know that. How long have you been playing?
Kiran : For about a year now. But it’s not the only thing I like to do. I also enjoy painting. It’s great for relieving stress.
Sunita : Really? Are you good at it?
Kiran : Not too bad. But I’m not Picasso or Rembrandt. How about you guys? What do you like to do in free time?
Sarita : Well, a couple of times a month I go up to Widow Mountain with some buddies and go hang gliding.
Sunita : No way! You do? That sounds dangerous! Aren’t you scared?
Sarita : Not at all. It’s fascinating. It’s so beautiful up there. I feel as free as a bird. You should try it sometime.
Sunita : It sounds awesome, but I think I’m too much of a scared cat to try it.
Kiran : Wow! I might want to try it sometime. Do you think I could?
Sarita : Sure, how about this Saturday? I’ll let you know the details later.
Kiran : Sounds great! I can’t believe I’m going to do it. Sunita, by the way, you never told us what you do in your spare time.
Sunita : Well, uh, I like to knit…And you know I can’t go very far…But I am going to convince my parents to let me join Karate classes. It will be great self defence.
Answer:

Names	List of Interests	Why do they find these interesting?
Sarita	Hang gliding	1. Feel as free as a bird
Kiran	Playing basketball, painting	2. It helps her to stay fit and happy. 3. Relieves stress
Sunita	Knitting, Karate classes	4. For self defence.

Question 2.
Work in pairs. Imagine you are Sunita. You are trying to convince your father to let you join the Karate classes.
You can use the given clues for the conversation. Take turns to be Sunita and her father.

Want to learn Karate	Girls to stay at home
Friends are into sport	Who will help mother?
Felt out of place not doing anything sporty	School work may suffer
Decided to take up Karate	Going out may be unsafe
Keep me physically fit	No real benefits, expenses
Class in the next society	May be called unfeminine
Great self defence, you can see these videos	Oh, that’s nice, my daughter will be no less.

You can write the conversation here.

Sunita	Father
1. Papa, I have a desire to learn Karate.	No, that can’t be. Girls must stay at home.
2. But all my friends are into sports.	If you go out to play, who will help your mother?
3. I always feel out of place in my friend circle for not doing anything sporty. They all play some or the other sport.	If you keep playing, how will you study? Your school work will suffer.
4. Papa, I have decided to take up Karate classes.	No, going out alone may not be safe for girls.
5. Karate will help me to stay physically fit.	These classes are of no real benefits rather cause expenses.
6. The classes are commencing in the next society.	If you learn Karate, you may he called unfeminine. The sport is mainly for boys.
7. Karate is of great benefit in self defence, you can see the videos.	Oh, that’s nice. I didn’t know about it. Great! My daughter will be no less. Go ahead.

Writing:

Question 1.
Given below is some information about Saina Nehwal and Sania Mirza. You can visit your school library and search the Internet to collect more information and to find out if it is correct. Write a short motivational article for your school magazine using these details. The article can aim towards encouraging girls to take up sports.

Saina Nehwal	Sania Mirza
From Hisar in Haryana	Indian professional tennis player
Her family shifted to Hyderabad when she was very young.	Born in Mumbai
First trained with Nani Prasad, stadium was 25 km away from home.	Family moved to Hyderabad some time after her birth.
Then coached by S.M. Arif, Vimal Kumar and P. Gopichand.	Started learning lawn tennis from her father at the age of six.
Professional badminton singles player.	Started participating in the ITF tournaments in 2001.
World No. 2 in 2009, formerly world No. 1 in 2015.	Won three titles in 2002 to be identified as an upcoming player.
Right-handed player with many international titles.	Turned professional in 2003, and won several titles including the Girls’ Doubles title at Wimbledon.
Has seen both ups and downs.	Has been injured and recovered.
First Indian woman to win Olympic medal.	Won several doubles titles in WTA. Formerly ranked as India’s No. 1 doubles player by WTA.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, Arjuna award, has received the Padma Bhushan in 2016.	Times Magazine’s 2016 list – Sania one of the most influential people in the world. Has been awarded the Arjuna Award and the Padma Shree.

Answer:
Saina Nehwal:
Saina Nehwal, the great Indian badminton player is basically from Hissar in Haryana. Her parents shifted to Hyderabad, when she was very young. At the age of 8 years, she started her badminton training. She was first trained with Nani Prasad in a stadium which was 25 kilometers from her house. Determined to realise her dream, she kept taking training under many coaches, S.M. Arif, Vimal Kumar and P. Gopichand and became a professional badminton singles player.

Saina Nehwal bagged many medals in national and international tournaments and became World No. 2 player in 2009 and World No. 1 in 2015. She won gold at 2018 Commonwealth games in women’s singles and became the first Indian to win 2 singles gold in commonwealth games. Nehwal has achieved several milestones in badminton for India. She is the first Indian badminton player to have won an Olympic medal. She has been awarded with the Padma Bhushan in 2016, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and the Arjuna Award by the Government of India.

Sania Mirza:
Sania Mirza is an Indian professional tennis player. She was born on 15 November 1986 in Mumbai to Hyderabadi Muslim parents. Shortly after her birth, the family moved to Hyderabad where she and her younger sister were raised. She took up tennis at the age of six and was coached by her father. In 2001, she started participating in the I.T.F. tournaments and won three titles in 2002 to be identified as an upcoming tennis player.

In February 2003, she played her first ever WTA tournament and won several professional tournaments. Later in 2008-09, she won several doubles titles in wimbeldon and was ranked India’s No. 1 doubles player by WTA. In Times Magazine’s 2016 list, Sania was rated as one of the most influential people in the world. She got married to a Pakistani Cricketer, Shoiab Malik in 2010. She has been awarded the Arjuna Award and the Padmashree by the Government of India.

Question 3.
The chapter ‘Reach for the Top’, Part I ends with the sentence “Santosh collected and brought down 500 kilograms of garbage from the Himalayas.
You may have visited different tourist places and picnic spots. However, the beauty of the Nature is spoiled by waste and garbage thrown unmindfully by tourists.
As a conscious and responsible citizen of India, write a letter to the editor of a national newspaper. Therein you may highlight the issue and measures for creating awareness about curbing environmental pollution. Discuss with your classmates how ‘Swachch Bharat Abhiyan’ can be promoted.
Answer:
75, DDA Flats,
Kalkaji, New Delhi-19
1st August, 2018
The Editor
The Times of India,
New Delhi
Subject: Curbing Environmental Pollution
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I want to draw the attention of the concerned authorities and general public towards the evil of environmental degradation. Environmental pollution has deeply infested our natural world with its atrocious effects on its natural dwellers. Evidence has it that nature seem to be in strong grip of major pollutants which are increasingly being added to it by careless human activities. People are finding it easy to throw garbage and waste materials on roads and public places instead of disposing them off properly. Washing of clothes, bathing of animals in the water bodies has been continually discharging the pollutants into it making it utterly unfit for human consumption.

Mosquitoes, flies and other disease causing pathogens are the common visitors of trash and rubbish littering the public places. They are responsible for causing several diseases in humans. All such inhumane activities have deteriorated our environment to a point where it has become nearly impossible for the inhabitants of the nation to enjoy a quality of life. In such a .scenario, it is my humble request to everyone that we must ensure that adequate steps are taken regarding this to curb the evil and wipe off its harmful effects with collective efforts in a concerted manner. We must do everything possible in our capacities to check this problem before it goes out of our hands. We must be active contributors to the various schemes initiated by the government in this regard. Awareness about it must be created through compaigns and posters put at appropriate locations.
Thanking you.
Yours sincerely XYZ.

Project:

Question 1.
In January 2018, the President of India awarded 112 amazing “First Ladies” for being first in their respective fields. Find out the achievements of some of them.

• A class board can be prepared with your contributions.
• Make a collage of the “First Ladies”, their struggle, endeavour and achievements. Display it in the class.
• Your group can make PowerPoint presentation of their life, struggle, society, inspiration and achievements.

Question 2.
Even now girls have to struggle for getting education and participating in games. They are victims of child marriage, harassment, etc. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao is an initiative by the Government of India for ensuring survival, protection and education of the girl child. As a citizen of India what will be your contribution in promoting girls, education and safeguarding their interest?
→ Prepare posters, write slogans and draw charts to create awareness in the society.
Answer:
1. P. T. Usha:
Title : First Indian woman to reach the final of an Olympic event
Pilavullakandi Thekkeparambil Usha, popularly known as P.T. Usha was born on 27 June 1964, in the village of Payyoli, Kozhikode District, Kerala.

Struggles:
She grew up in a poor family. Her parents knew nothing about athletics. They were impressed with her but were not equipped to guide her. Participating in races was not common among girls in those days. The poor condition of family and health issues didn’t permit her to have a privileged life. Sports infra-structure in the country was limited and training facilities available to athletes left much to be desired. She had to suffer the allegations of drug use and dejection of losing out on an Olympic medal but against all odds she emerged as a winner.

Achievements and Endeavours:

• Won five medals at the inter-state meet for juniors, in Kollam in 1978
• Four gold medals in 100 m, 200 m, 60 m hurdles and high jump
• Bronze in 4 x 100 m relay
• Won multiple medals at the 1979 National Games and 1980 National Inter-state meet
• Won silver medals in 100 m, 200 m clocking 11.95s and 25.32s at the 1982 Asian games, New Delhi.
• Won gold in 400 m at the Asian Championships in Kuwait city in 1983.
• At the 1983 Open National championships in Jamshedpur set a new National record in 400 m.
• In the 1985 Jakarta Asian championships, won six medals—five gold and one bronze.
• Usha has won 101 International medals.
• In 1984, she was conferred the Padma Shri and the Arjuna Award.
• She was awarded the Greatest Woman Athlete in 1985 at the Jakarta Asian Athelic Meet, Adidas Golden Shoe award for the Best Athlete in 1986 at the Seoul Asian Games.

2. Bachendri Pal:
‘Bachendri Pal’ was an Indian mountaineer, who was bom on 24 May 1954.
Title : First Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

Struggles:
She belonged to a family of moderate means. She was one of the seven children of her parents. She suffered stiff opposition from her family and relatives when she decided to opt for a career as a professional mountaineer rather than a school teacher. By dint of her work and sheer determination. She created history, when she successfully submitted the Everest.

Achievements and Endeavours:

• Won Gold Medal for Excellence in Mountaineering by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation.
• Was awarded Gold medal by the Department of Education, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India (1985).
• Was conferred with Arjuna Award by the Government of India.
• Calcutta ladies study group award (1986).
• Was listed in the Guiness Book of World records (1990).
• National Adventure Award by the Government of India.
• Yash Bharti Award by the Government of Uttar Pradesh, India (1995).
• Honorary Doctorate from Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University.
• Was awarded Padma Shri – the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India (1984).

2. Note : Using the above ideas along with their own, students can answer the given questions on posters, slogans etc.
Education is a necessary component for the growth and prosperity of any country, but it is critical for developing economies. Studies show that educating girls is particularly important and can help reduce poverty as well as other social ills.

With the advent of industrialization and various technological developments which are taking place every second in the different corners of the world, our economy seems to be progressing day by day across various fields. However, there is no denying that our country has not been successful enough to rid the problems affecting the far-fetched/remote areas of the society. There are several underdeveloped sections of the society where the fair sex is still the victim of evils like child marriage, harassment, and dowry. They are deprived of their natural freedom and feel quite unsafe and insecure. It is very commonly witnessed that despite the various initiatives taken by the government are in place, ever-increasing cases of violence against women are reported on daily basis.

Even this system of enforcement has its loopholes and consequently, it has not been successful to bring forth the desired effect on society. As a woman and a citizen of India, I strongly feel that we must not entirely depend on these schemes or surrender completely to them in order to ensure our safety and protection. However, we must work at the grassroots level to stop this issue from emanating in the first place. Parents should feel the responsibility to educate their girl child and make them independent citizens to keep them off such issues.

Adequate awareness through campaigns, posters, and various communication channels must be created. The Rural population must be educated about the benefits of women empowerment, how it can positively impact their lives, by improving their economic status and well-being. They must be motivated to participate actively in the several government schemes at their disposal. They actively must be encouraged in every possible way to strive for Quality Education. The drive to Educate themselves must come from within to make the whole program a success.

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 7

Question 1.
See the picture. Read the following points and discuss these in pairs.

(a) What has gone wrong with the packing, in the given picture?
(b) Do you think the bag was packed hurriedly?
(c) Do your friends pack their school bags neatly?
(d) Some people seem dis-organized, but they know where their things are. Are you such a person?
Answer:
Hints :
(a) The picture looks cluttered. The contents have not been arranged neatly. A lot of materials have been pushed inside the bag beyond its holiding capacity.
(b) There is a strong possibility that the bag was packed in a hurry as the items seem out of place.
(c) Some of my friends are very meticulous and are quite particular about keeping things in order. Naturally, they don’t miss packing their bags neatly.
(d) No, I don’t think, I am such a person. I am very disciplined and like to keep my things arranged in a systematic manner.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

Organising your school bag:
Have you wasted time on some days rummaging through your school bag for your pen, finally discovering it in the side pocket? Have you ever searched for your homework paper only to find it squashed at the bottom of your school bag? Have you searched for your English textbook in school only to realise later that you have forgotten it at home?

If you have answered “Yes’ to these questions, you !.. really need to organise your school bag. You should remember to first get a suitable school bag. An overly heavy school bag can cause spinal, neck and shoulder pain. The books, tiffin box, water bottle, etc., must be placed so as to evenly distribute weight in the bag.

So, on a weekend, remove all the contents from the bag. Make sure all the side and inner pockets are emptied too. Throw away rubbish such as used tissues, dirty wrappers, rough notes that you no longer need, etc. Wash the school bag and dry it in the sun. If it is not washable, wipe it well with a wet cloth dipped in a little soap water. Wipe it again to remove the soapy feeling, and then put it outside to ; dry. Start the week with a neat and clean bag.

Utilise pockets and divisions in your school bag ‘ to keep items separate. For example, keep your books in the main section, your pencil case and related items in another section and your lunch box in another. Place items such as your money, ID card, house key, etc., in the inner pockets (preferably with a zip) of the bag. You can pin the keys inside the bag pocket, so that they are easy to find. Then make it a habit to always keep these items in their respective sections of your bag, so that you know where to reach instinctively, even without looking inside the bag.

Being organised will help you study better. When your books are organised according to the timetable, you won’t be searching for them or lagging behind while your classmates get ahead with their work. Also, try not to have random papers stuffed at the bottom of the bag. This makes it impossible to find what you need. The clutter not only takes up space, but disturbs your train of thought. Last but not the least, do a ; monthly check-up on your school bag, removing junk and reorganising items.

Question 1.
The author asks a question, “Have you wasted time on some days?” What is he/she referring to here?
Answer:
Here, he/she is referring to the student.

Question 2.
Why is it important to have an appropriate school bag?
Answer:
An appropriate school bag is important because an overly heavy school bag can cause spinal, neck and shoulder pain.

Question 3.
Why should your school bag be systematically arranged and clean? How will you do it?
Answer:
The school bag should be systematically arranged and cleaned as it will help to reach the desired article conveniently. On a weekend, remove all the contents, empty the side and inner pockets. Then, wipe it and arrange it systematically.

Question 4.
“Being organised will help you study better.” Do you agree? Why/why not?
Answer:
“Being organised will help you study better” because when your books are organised according to the timetable, you won’t be searching for them. Otherwise, it becomes impossible to find what you need.

Question 5.
Find words in the passage that mean the opposite of the words given below. Write the words in the space provided.
(a) inappropriate
(b) slightly
(c) forget
(d) concealed
(e) disarranged
Answer:
(a) suitable
(b) overly
(c) realise
(d) discovered
(e) organised.

Question 6.
Read the following groups of words. All but one are synonyms. Circle the odd one out.
(a) rummaging – groping, fumbling, driving, searching
(b) squashed – unpacked, compacted, compressed, squeezed
(c) organise – classify, simplify, systematise, arrange
(d) rubbish – waste, junk, nonsense, polished
Answer:
(a) driving
(b) unpacked
(c) simplify
(d) polished.

Text – II

No Crocodiles:
A man once went on a trip to the west coast of Africa. It was very hot weather. He put his bags into his room at the hotel and rein down to the sea to have a swim. But when he looked into the water, it seemed to him that something was moving there, and he was frightened. There was nobody near, except a boy, and the man called him. “Are there any crocodiles here?” he asked. “No, Sir, no crocodiles,” the boy answered.

The man took off his clothes, jumped into the water and swam for a few minutes. But though the water was warm and the weather was nice, he was still a little frightened. “That boy said there were no crocodiles, but it’s possible he doesn’t know,” he thought, and he decided to swim back. When he came out of the water, the boy was still there, and the man asked him “Why are you so sure that there are no crocodiles here?”

‘Yes, I’m sure,” the boy answered. “Crocodiles are cowards. They never come here, because they are afraid of the sharks!”
(Source: An extract from ‘No Crocodile’, by H. Weiser and A. Klinentenko, in English 8,1978, P. 63)

Question 1.
Tick the correct order of the words to make a complete sentence.
The man/a boy/on the shore/saw/standing
A B C D E
(a) ABCDE
(b) EDCBA
(c) ADBEC
(d) AEBCD
Write the correct sentence here.
Answer:
(c) The man saw a boy standing on the shore.

Question 2.
Why was the man afraid of getting into water?
Answer:
The man was afraid of getting into water as he feared that something was moving in the water.

Question 3.
How did the boy initially reassure the man about the crocodile?
Answer:
Initially the boy reassured the man by saying that there were no crocodiles in the water.

Question 4.
When the man asked him again, the boy said that crocodiles are cowards, because they are afraid of _________.
(a) warm water
(b) sharks
(c) dirty water
(d) the man
Answer:
(b) sharks

Question 5.
Do you think the situation in the text is humorous? Why do you think so?
Answer:
Yes, the situation is humorous as the boy was trying to scare the man by telling him that there were sharks in the water.

Question 6.
A person who goes on a long journey is called a _________.
(a) native
(b) settler
(c) traveller
(d) passenger
Answer:
(c) traveller

Question 7.
Write the opposite of the word ‘coward’
(a) weakling
(b) hero
(c) defeatist
(d) crybaby
Answer:
(b) hero

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
See the following table. Words in the first column occur in the lesson ‘Packing’ from Beehive. In pairs, look up the meaning of the words in each row in a dictionary. Write in your notebook how they differ in meaning from one another.

boots	edge	chair
shoes	border	arm-chair
slippers	boundary	reclining
clogs	demarcation	wheel-chair
moccasins	cut-off point	ergonomic chair
flip-flops	brink	rocking chair

Answer:
(1) Boots – Footwear covering the foot and ankle.
Shoes – A covering for the foot, typically made of leather not reaching above the ankle.
Slippers – A comfortable slip-on shoe that is worn indoors.
Clogs – A shoe with a thick wooden sole.
Moccasins – A soft leather slipper or shoe, one without a heal.
Flip-flops – A light sandal, typically of plastic or rubber with a thong between the big and second toe.

2. Edge – The outside limit of an object, area or surface.
Border – A line separating two countries, areas.
Boundary – A line which marks the limits of an area, a dividing line.
Demarcation – The action of fixing the boundary or limits of something.
Cut-off point – A point or level which is a designated limit of something.
Brink – The extreme edge of land before a steep slope or a body or water.

3. Chair – A separate seat for one person, typically with a back and 4 legs.
Armchair – A large, comfortable chair with side supports for a person’s arms.
Reclining chair – A large chair that lean or lie back in a relaxed position with the back supported.
Wheel-chair – A chair fitted with wheels for use as a means of transport by a person who is unable to walk.
Ergonomic chair – A chair relating to or designed for efficiency and comfort in the working environment.
Rocking chair – A chair mounted on rockers or springs, which can rock back and forth.

4. Hamper – A basket with a carrying handle and a hinged lid.
Box – A container with a flat base and sides and having a lid.
Crate – A slatted wooden case used for transporting goods.
Bag – A flexible container with an opening at the top.
Basket – A container used to hold or carry things, made from interwoven strips of cane or wire.
Carton – A small, light box in which drinks or foodstuff’s are packaged.

Question 2.
Read the beautiful description by Karishma Kripalani given below. Then work in pairs, underline the adjectives and list them. You can use these while writing the travelogue or planning a trip to a place of your choice.
Varkala
Imagine looking down on the vast expanse of the sea with its mighty waves cresting and crushing the sand, then claiming it with the soft hush of their froth and foam from the effort. A soft breeze blows in, the sun shimmers in the distant waters, the dolphins glisten as they leap up now and then. It is a kilometre long walk on these rugged rocks that hurtle down to the beach. You see sunbathers, happy families, lifeguards – the usual buzz of a vacation. But up here you are a silent witness as g stone rattles off into the wind.

This is Varkala, one of the many beaches along Kerala’s 600 km shoreline, but perhaps the best there is Kannur has the cliffs but no sand, the Cherayi beach has a coconut grove but no cliff, Kovalam has too many tourists but neither the cliffs nor the estuaries. Varkala, just 41 km north of Thiruvananthapuram, has everything never- ending cliffs, white sand, bubbling mineral springs, quaint coves, swaying palms, glimpses of history, wonders of geography and spiritual richness and rejuvenation therapies.

Varkala is the only place in southern Kerala where one can find cliffs adjacent to the Arabian Sea. They are known among geologists as the Varkala Formation. There are numerous water spouts and geysers on the cliff faces, making this place a natural spa. (An excerpt from ‘Kerala’s Best Kept Secret’ by Karishma Kripalani, The Dialogue, February 2018)
Answer:
List the adjectives here:
Mighty; soft; distant; kilometre long; rugged; happy; many white; bubbling; quaint; swaying; spiritual, rejuvenation; silent; numerous; natural; vast; usual; coconut; never ending; mineral; quaint.

Note : Student is supposed underline on his own seeing the box.

Grammar:

Question 1.
In the given space, write the activities that you want/ like/wish/prefer to do or you don’t want/like/wish/ prefer to do.
(а) On Sundays, I like to _______________
(б) On Sundays, I don’t _______________
(c) In the evenings, I _______________
(d) In the evenings, I don’t _______________
(e) In the playground I _______________
if) In the playground, I don’t _______________
(g) When I go to the fair, I _______________
(h) In the fair, I don’t _______________
Answer:
(a) watch latest Bollywood movies.
(b) like to study.
(c) go out with my friends.
(d) workout much.
(e) play cricket.
(f) sleep.
(g) always go on all rides.
(h) buy food from open stalls.

Question 2.
In the chapter ‘Packing* of your textbook, Beehive, you have read about ‘simple commands’, ‘directions to reach your home’, ‘use of dos, and don’ts’, and ‘instructions for making something, for example tea/coffee’, etc.
Read the following sentences. Against each sentence write simple command/direction/dos/ don’ts/ instruction in the space provided.
(a) Sit here and help your brother in learning Mathematics.
(b ) Ride a bicycle and go near the river. You will see your friend swimming in the river.
(c) Get up and go, you cannot waste time sleeping.
(d) Do not wake anyone up suddenly while he/ she is sleeping.
(e) In summer, keep a large bowl of water outside for birds and animals to drink water from.
Answer:
(a) “Do your calculations carefully.”
(b) Don’t go too deep in the river.
(c) Leave the bed.
(d) Wake someone up gently.
(e) Don’t use dirty bowl for the purpose.

Editing:

Question 1.
Read the passage given below. There are language errors, for example, the use of tenses. Correct these and rewrite the passage in the space provided.
Gwalior: The Jewel of Madhya Pradesh
Gwalior is a curious mixture of old and new, this sprawling city in the northernmost part of Madhya Pradesh. It offered a feast of historic sights, museums, parks, shops, cultural programmes and cuisines.

The northern most city, Gwalior is established in the 8th century A.D. and named after Saint Gwalipa. The city was dominated by its hill-top fort, a symbol of Rajput valour and chivalry. The 15th century palace of Raja Mansingh is located in the citadel. The fort also housed Teli-ka-Mandir, an ancient temple.

Gajri Mahal at the foot of the fort had one of the first museums of sculpture in the country. Gawalior was also the distinction of being a centre of Indian classical music. Miya Tansen, one of the nine jewels of the Court of Emperor Akbar the Great, is bury at Gwalior. Every year in December a great music festival is holding here to commemorate this great singer. (Source: Steps to English, Workbook for Class X, NCERT, 2003, P. 25 [An extract from ‘Insight Guide India’, Discovery Channel])
Answer:
Gwalior is a curious mixture of the old and new. This sprawling city is in the northernmost part of Madhya Pradesh. It offers a feast of historic sights, museums, parks, shops, cultural programmes and cuisines.

The northern most city, Gwalior was established in the 8th century A.D. and named after Saint Gwalipa. The city is dominated by its hill-top fort, a symbol of Rajput valour and chivalry. The 15th century palace of Raja Mansingh is located in the citadel. The fort also houses Teli-ka-Mandir, an ancient temple.

Gajri Mahal at the foot of the fort has one of the first museums of sculpture in the country. Gawalior has also the distinction of being the centre of Indian classical music. Miya Tansen, one of the nine jewels of the Court of Emperor Akbar the Great, was buried in Gwalior. Every year in December a great music festival is held here to commemorate this great singer.

Question 2.
Rearrange each set of words to make sentences. Use appropriate punctuation marks.
(a) the orphan child, the court, guardian of, appointed him
(b) friends, time, enemies, the worst, makes
(c) of the club, elected, secretary, him, they
(d) approaching, the, saw, we, storm
Answer:
(a) The court appointed him guardian of the orphan child.
(b) Time makes friends, the worst enemies.
(c) They elected him secretary of the club.
(d) We saw the approaching storm.

Listening:

Question 1.
An interesting account of Gangtok is given here. Your teacher/any of your friends will dictate the passage to you. Listen to him/her with attention and try to take down the passage. After the exercise is over, compare what you have taken down with the original script.
Gangtok
Located in the eastern Himalayas at an altitude of approximately 5,500 feet, Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim, is cosmopolitan without being overwhelming. The city is a kaleidoscope of beautiful sights – spellbinding mountainscapes, magnificent monasteries, beautiful temples, sprawling parks, quaint cafes and more.

Gangtok is home to the Enchey Monastery, one of the most recognised gompas of Buddhism. A legendary Lama known as Drubthob Karpo, believed to have possessed the power to fly, is credited with its foundation. The literal meaning of Enchey Monastery is “the solitary temple”. It is also said that the monk built a small hermitage at the site of the monastery, after he came here flying from Maenam Hill in south Sikkim. It is constructed in the shape of a pagoda and its interiors are adorned with colourful traditional Tibetan paintings.

Besides many magnificent monasteries and stupas, Gangtok also houses two beautiful temples – Ganesh Tok and Hanuman Tok. At approximately 6,500 feet above sea level, Ganesh Tok is a small but well-maintained temple of Lord Ganesha. A 4 km drive along serpentine roads takes you to Hanuman Tok, at an altitude of about 7,200 feet. Here, you will find an unimpeded view of the majestic Kanchenj unga.

Evenings in the city are best enjoyed on MG Road, a small paved stretch with a plethora of shopping, lodging and dining options. Always bustling and busy, with cafes, bars and people chattering away in varied languages, the road is beautifully decorated with lamp posts, park benches and colourful flowers giving it an endearing and quaint feel.
(An excerpt from ‘A Sikkimese Dialogue’, written by Sugato Tripathy, Shubh Yatra, Feb. 2018, Vol. 6, Issue 1)
Answer:
Gangtok:
Gangtok is the capital of Sikkim which is located in the eastern Himalayas at an altitude of about 5,500 feet. The city has representatives of many different countries and cultures. This is full of bteautiful sights-spellbinding mountainscapes, magnificent monasteries, beautiful temples, sprawling parks, quaint cafes, etc. This is home to the Enchey Monastery that is one of the most recognised gompas of Buddhism. A legendary lama, Drubthob Karpo, founded it. He is believed to have possessed the power to fly.

This monastry is constructed in the shape of Pagoda and has colourful traditional Tibetan paintings. It has two beautiful temples – Ganesh Tok and Hanuman Tok. Hanuman Tok is located at an altitude of about 7,200 feet from where an unimpeded view of the majestic Kanchanj unga can easily be seen. Evenings in the city are best enjoyed on MG Road with shopping, lodging and dining options. The road is beautifully decorated with lamp posts and colourful flowers. People chatter all around in varied languages.

Question 2.
Listen to a news item in English. It may be read out by your teacher or you can record one in your mobile phone*. The news may be from television or radio. Play the recorded news in the class. Listen to it and make notes. Then discuss the main points of the news.
Lake on Mars:
“According to the report in US journal science, “a massive underground lake has been detected on planet Mars, raising the possibility that more water and may be even life – exists there. It’s one of the most significant discoveries concerning the Red Planet. The lake-20 km wide-is located 15 km below the icy Martian surface.

These investigations were recorded by Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS), designed to find subsurface water by sending radar pulses that penetrate the surface and ice caps. MARSIS measures how the radio waves propagate and reflect back to the spacecraft. These reflections provide scientists with information about what lies beneath the surface. From May 2012 until December 2015, a team of resear hers led by Roberto Orosei of the National Institute for Astrophysics in Bologna, Italy, surveyed a region called Planum Australe, located in the southern ice cap Mars. Atotal of 29 sets of radar samplings showed a very sharp change in its associated radar signal, allowing scientists to map the outlines of the lake.

Being able to access water sources could also help humans survive on a future crewed mission to Earth’s neighboring planet, with NASA aiming to send explorers in the 2030. “This is a stunning result that suggests water on Mars is not a temporary trickle like previous discoveries but a persistent body of water that provides the conditions for life for extended periods of time,” said Alan Duffy, an associate professor at Swinburne University in Australia, who was not involved in the study. “Water is there. We have no more doubt, “says Enrico Flamini, Mission Manger. The Italian Space Agency’s Mars Express.”
Answer:
The main points:
→ The US journal ‘Science’ reveals that the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) has recorded a massive underground lake on planet Mars.
→ The lake is 20 km wide.
→ This is located 1.5 km. below the icy Martian surface.
→ A team of researchers led by Roberto Orosei of the National Institute for Astrophysics in Bologna, Italy, surveyed a region called Planum Australe, located in the southern ice cap of Mars.
→ This has raised the possibility of more water and even life exists there.
→ It may help humans survive on a future crewed mission to the Earth’s neighbouring planet.
→ This shows a persistent body of water that provides the conditions for life for extended periods of time.
→ This is one of the most significant discoveries regarding the Red Planet.

The Railway Station:
There’s a lady who sells us tickets,
There’s a man who carries our bags.
There’s a boy who checks the tracks,
There’s a man who waves the flags.

There’s a girl who sits at a desk,
She makes the announcements.
There are people building an overbridge
Who five in nearby tents.

There’s a stall that sells tea,
Newspapers and things.
There are different lights for signals,
And a bell that rings.

There’s a board above the platforms
Which gives us information
There’s a clock, and a few benches
At the railway station.
(Source: Laminated sheet in Raindrops, English Language Kit, NCERT, 2018)

Speaking:

Question 1.
Read the poem ‘The Railway Station’ in groups of four, in pairs or by yourself.

Question 2.
In pairs, talk about the characters in the poem.
Answer:
The characters :

• A lady selling tickets.
• A girl making announcements.
• A man carrying bags.
• A boy checking the tracks.

Question 3.
Share your experience of travelling by train or a bus.
Answer:
My experience of travelling by a train:
Last year I visited my native place, Kolkata with my mother by train. It was my first visit by train. Our train was on schedule. When it came into the platform, the passengers rushed to get into the train. With a little difficulty, we could find our seats. Once the train started, I discovered many other children going to their home town to spend summer vacations. I started chit-chatting and playing with them.

Since the train was passing through different states like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha, I saw the scenic beauty of rural India. I saw many paddy fields, grazing cows, huts made up of bamboos, rivers and streams. I also saw the longest platform of the Asia, Kharagpur. I relished dishes of the different states. After 29 hours long journey, we reached Kolkata. Though it was a long journey, it was a memorable experience for me.

Question 4.
Write down what you have liked and disliked in places like railway station .and bus stop. For example, young children selling newspapers, polishing boots, facilities like seating arrangement at the platform, drinking water, cleanliness, display boards, etc.
Answer:

What you liked	What you didn’t like
1. The modem class railways. 2. Men helping you with your languages. 3. The chart-board displaying the timings of trains. 4. Cleanliness at the platform and proper seating arrangements.	1. Young children selling newspapers, polishing boots. 2. Rush, people making over bridge running here and there.

Writing:

Imagine you are preparing to go on a two- week holiday to a city you have not been to before. Find out from the Internet the weather conditions there for the duration of your stay, and the places of interest. Decide the things you would need for the trip.

Question 1.
Now, write a short text .using these points:
(а) Where you want to go and why
(b) Weather conditions
(c) Clothes and footwear you would need
(d) Places to visit
(e) Food: local delicacies you would like to try
(f) Things you would pack for the trip: for everyday use; for sightseeing; things for special occasions, etc.
Answer:
This summer I am planning to visit Goa, the famous tourist spot. I have never been there. The weather is moderate, neither cold nor hot. I need to carry my swimming costume, shorts, T-shirts and slippers to enjoy the perfect beach view. I shall visit the famous St. church and all beautiful beaches. Goa is also famous for its sea food and cashews. I would love to taste few of them. Nothing much is required to visit Goa, just carry your clothes, goggles flip-flops and you are ready to enjoy. The floral printed shirts are quite popular in Goa. I would buy one for the special evening dance party.

Project:

Travelogue:
Travelling can be a wonderful and insightful experience. In the 21st century, we can plan ahead, book train and air tickets in advance, and make stay arrangements months before the actual travel dates. But have you wondered’how travellers, merchants and explorers managed to cover great distances, spanning c across countries in the past, without the facilities that we take so much for granted today?

Question 1.
Find out about the 12th century legendary traveller Marco Polo, who, at the age of seventeen, travelled from Italy to China! You may:
(а) create a map, marking the various places that he visited, with a timeline;
(b) focus on one country that he visited, and talk about one important event in his life there;
(c) examine the various dangers that befell travellers in those days, and compare these with present-day travel;
(d) collect pictures of the different animals that he saw and described later to an unbelieving audience back home;
(e) write about his further travels that he undertook as an emissary of the Emperor of China.
Answer:
Travelling has tremendous educative, informative and social value. It widens people’s mental horizon, improves health, adds thrill and relaxation to life. It dispels boredom and helps promoting national integration. One of the principal values of travelling is that it breaks the monotony of life and work. That is why, educational tour has become an integral part of modern education. It also boosts our national economy and the development of tourism industry.

Marco Polo:
Marco Polo (1254 – January 8, 1324) was a legendary Venetian : traveller, explorer and merchant. He travelled extensively with his family and journeyed from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for almost 17 of those years. China already had the technology of woodblock printing. Marco Polo brought this knowledge back with him. Soon the technology spread to many parts of Europe.

Marco Polo was born in 1254 in the Venetian Republic – The city of Venice. Italy was at the centre of the Venetian Republic. When he was 17 years old, he went to China with his ; father, Niccolo, and his uncle, Maffeo. Pope Gregory-X sent them to visit Kulbai Khan, the emperor of China.
(a) Marco Polo’s journey took place on land. Hardships, of course, came his way. In what is now known as Afghanistan, Marco was forced to retreat to the mountains in order to cure his illness. Although crossing the Gobi desert took a year from end to end, at the narrowest point, it took a month to cross it. It was full of mountains and sands and valleys. There was nothing at all to eat. Finally, after four years of travel, the Polos reached China and Kublai Khan.

The routes of Marco Polo’s to and fro journey were as follows:

• Venice to China : Venice (1271), Acre (1272), Ormuz-Beijing (1275), Pagan
• Return journey : Pagan-Beijing (1292), Ormuz (1294), Constantinople (1295), Venice (1295)

The Route of Marco Polo’s Journey:
(b) The emperor of China, Kublai Khan liked Marco Polo. He enjoyed Marco Polo’s stories about many lands. The emperor was staying at his summer palace known as Shangdu or Xanadu. It was a grand marble architectural wonder that dazzled young Marco. Moreover, he praised Khan’s extensive communication system in his account, which served as the foundation for his rule. Marco described in detail how the empire’s information of highway efficiently and economically covered millions of square miles. Marco’s immersion into the Chinese culture resulted in him mastering four languages.

Kublai Khan gave Marco Polo a job. He sent Polo on diplomatic missions. He also made him governor of Yantgzhou, an important trading city. Niccolo and Maffeo were also granted important positions in the leader’s court.

(c) Today, travelling has become very easy and comfortable. But in those days, people had to travel without the facilities that we take so much for granted today. They travelled through high mountains, long deserts, rivers and forests. They suffered fatal illness caused by mosquito-bite, snake-bite, etc.

(d) Marco Polo saw and faced different types of animals such as moths, jackals, vail cats, zebu, oxen, Persian lions, snow cats and camels along the way.

(e) The emperor of China was very much impressed with Marco Polo. He thought highly of the young man’s abilities as a merchant. Kublai Khan eventually employed Marco as a special envoy. He sent him to different areas of Asia that were never before explored by Europeans including Burma, India and Tibet. Marco had a stamped metal packet from the Emperor himself. This served as his official credentials from the powerful leader.

Marco returned to Venice in 1995. He amassed not only great knowledge about the Mongol empire but incredible wonder also from his travels. In 1298, he went to jail during a war between Venice and Genoa. He dictated his stories about China to a fellow prisoner and writer, named Rustichello who wrote the book, The Travels of Marco Polo. The book made Marco a celebrity. It provided the Western World the first clear picture of the East’s geography and ethnic customs.

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions