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Public Facilities NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Public Facilities NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Public Facilities Class 8 Extra Questions And Answers Question 1
Mention some public facilities that are provided by the government.
Solution:
Public facilities provided by the government are:- Health care
Water
Sanitation
Transport
Education
Electricity
Roads

Public Facilities Class 8 Extra Questions Question 2
Which Article in the Indian Constitution recognises the ‘right to water’?
Solution:
The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as being a part of the Right to Life under Article 21.

Class 8 Civics Chapter Public Facilities Extra Questions Question 3
What is Universal Access to water?
Solution:
Every person, rich or poor, has the right to sufficient amount of water to meet their daily needs, at a price they can afford. This is known as Universal Access to water.

Public Facilities That Can Be Provided By A Private Company Are Question 4
What are the characteristics of Public facilities?
Solution:
The benefits of public facility can be shared by many people. Government schools enable many children to get educated. The supply of electricity is essential for all households. Farmers can run pump sets to irrigate their fields; people open small workshops that run on electricity.
Public transport help people commute at an affordable price. Public parks and libraries provide recreation for the citizens. Health care and sanitation are essential for a healthy life.

Public Facilities Extra Questions Question 5
Mention some public facilities that only the government can provide and maintain.
Solution:
Roads
Railways
Sanitation
Water supply
Electricity

Question 6
Mention a few public facilities that are provided by private companies.
Solution:
Schools and colleges
Hospitals
Transportation
The above mentioned facilities are provided by the government and private companies. We can find many private educational institutions in cities. Long distance buses are operated by private companies; similarly there are many Private Hospitals that provide health care for the citizens.

Question 7
How does the government raise fund to provide public facilities?
Solution:
The main source of income for the government is through the tax it collects from the citizens.
Some of the types of taxes the government collects are………..
Income Tax
Property Tax
Sales Tax
Excise Duty
Water Tax
Vehicle Tax
With the revenue from the tax collected, the government provides the public facilities mentioned earlier.

Question 8
What is a Government Budget?
Solution:
The government plans its expenditure, making a clear statement on the amount of money it is going to spend on each facility.
This statement is called the ‘Government Budget’ and is presented in the Parliament and Legislature every year in the month February / March.

Question 9
What is sanitation?
Solution:
Sanitation is measures taken up by the government to protect public health through proper solid waste disposal, sewage disposal, and cleanliness during food processing and preparation.

Question 10
Write a short note on Sulabh International.
Solution:
Sulabh International is an Indian based social service organization which works to promote human rights, environmental sanitation, non-conventional sources of energy, waste management and social reforms through education. Sulabh was founded by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak in 1970 and has 50,000 volunteers.
The organization constructs and maintains pay-&-use public toilets, popularly known as Sulabh Complexes with bath, laundry and urinal facilities being used by about ten million people every day.
There are more than 7,500 public toilet blocks and 1.2 million private toilets. The majority of the users of Sulabh facilities are from the poor working class.

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Understanding Marginalization NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Understanding Marginalization NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Extra Questions And Answers Question 1
Mention the levels on which marginalization can take place.
Solution:
Marginalization can take place on three levels.
They are…. Individual Community Global .

Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Extra Questions And Answers Question 2
Mention the Names of the communities which experience marginalization in India?
Solution:
The major communities which experience marginalization in India are the Adivasis, Dalits and Muslims.

Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Extra Questions Question 3
What are the reasons why a community is marginalized, and how does it affect the community?
Solution:
The reasons for a community to be socially marginalized are….. Different language
Different customs
Different religion
Financial status
Education
Economic, social, cultural and political factors work together to make certain groups in society feel marginalised. Marginalized groups are viewed with hostility and deprived of opportunities that are available to other communities. They experience a sense of disadvantage and powerlessness against more powerful and dominant sections of society.

Understanding Marginalisation Extra Questions Question 4
Write a brief note on Adivasis.
Solution:
The Adivasis are indigenous peoples and are believed to be the first inhabitants of India. Adivasis have distinct languages, religions and forms of self-government, together with a deep bond to their land and respect for nature. 8 per cent of India’s population are Adivasis. There are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.
Adivasi communities do not have any hierarchy among them. They are totally different from communities organised around principles of the caste system.
The religion of Adivasis is different from Islam, Hinduism or Christianity. The Adivasis worship their ancestral, village or nature spirits.
During the nineteenth century, substantial numbers of Adivasis converted to Christianity, which has emerged as a very important religion in modern Adivasi history. Adivasis have their own languages which may be as old as Sanskrit. The Adivasi language has influenced the formation of Indian languages, like Bengali.

Ncert Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Extra Questions Question 5
How are Adivasis portrayed today?
Solution:
Today, Adivasis are portrayed as exotic, primitive and backward people. Cultural shows are presented with Adivasis dances. They are represented through colourful costumes and headgears.
Adivasis are blamed for their lack of advancement as they are believed to be resistant to change or new ideas.
This negative portrayal of the Adivasis has led to the marginalization of this community in modern India.

Ncert Solutions For Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Extra Questions Question 6
What were the hardships faced by the Adivasis?
Solution
The Adivasis were pushed out of the forests of Jharkhand and they had to migrate to other parts of India and the world. The Adivasis experienced hardship and death during the migration. Five lakh Adivasis had perished in these migrations.
When forests were cleared for mining a majority of tribals are displaced. Wide areas of forest land were submerged under water when many dams were built in India after 1947. Due to this many Adivasis were displaced from the States of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand.
In the North east, Adivasi lands are war-torn and occupied by the military.
There are 54 national parks and 372 wildlife sanctuaries in India. These Parks cover an area of 1, 09,652 sq km. of forest land. The Adivasis were evicted from these forests.

Class 8 Civics Ch 7 Extra Questions Question 7
Who headed the Committee set up by the government to look into the social, economic and educational status of the Muslim Community in India?
Solution:
Justice Rajindar Sachar headed the Committee set up by the government to look into the social, economic and educational status of the Muslim Community in India.

Question 8
What was the conclusion reached by the Justice Rajindar Sachar Committee?
Solution:
The committee came to the conclusion that on a range of social, economic and educational indicators the situation of the Muslim community is comparable to that of other marginalised communities like Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Question 9
How can we tackle marginalization?
Solution:
Marginalization is a complex and delicate issue and has to be handled by the Government very carefully. To rectify marginalization a variety of strategies, measures and safeguards have to be undertaken.
It is the duty of every citizen of this country to ensure that the Fundamental Rights of all citizen, whether they belong to the majority community or the minority community is protected. It is only the effort of everyone that will protect the diversity that makes our country unique and promote equality for all.

Question 10
What are the consequences of marginalisation?
Solution:
Marginalisation results in having a low social status and not having equal access to education and other resources enjoyed by the majority communities.

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Confronting Marginalisation NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Confronting Marginalisation NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 Extra Questions And Answers Question 1
What are the ways in which marginalized communities tried to overcome the discriminations they faced?
Solution:
The marginalized communities tried many ways to overcome the discrimination they faced. They are:-
Religious solace
Armed struggle
Self improvement
Education
Economic progress.

Confronting Marginalisation Class 8 Extra Questions And Answers Question 2
What did the marginal groups rely on to protect themselves from continued exploitation by other groups?
Solution:
Marginal groups relied on the Constitution of India and the Judiciary System to protect them from continued exploitation by other groups.

Chapter 8 Civics Class 8 Extra Questions Question 3
What are the seven rights stated in the Indian constitution?
Solution:
The seven fundamental rights are:
1. Right to equality
2. Right to freedom
3. Right against exploitation
4. Right to freedom of religion
5. Cultural and educational rights
6. Right to constitutional remedies
7. Right to Life and personal liberty.

Ncert Solutions For Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 Extra Questions Question 4
What is ‘untouchability’, and who were called ‘untouchables’?
Solution:
Untouchability is the individual discrimination against certain classes of persons.
Dalits are sometimes called Untouchables. Untouchables are regarded as ‘low caste’ and have been marginalized for centuries.

Confronting Marginalisation Class 8 Extra Questions Question 5
Mention 4 untouchable practices.
Solution:
Some untouchable practices are :
Segregation in seating and food arrangements in village functions and festivals
Prohibited from entering into village temples
Separate burial grounds
No access to village’s wells and ponds.

Ncert Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 Extra Questions Question 6
What is the ‘Reservation Policy’?
Solution:
Reservation Policy confirms that a percentage of seats are reserved in the public sector units, union and state civil services, union and state government departments and in all public and private educational institutions, except in the religious/ linguistic minority educational institutions, for the socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or the Scheduled Castes and Tribes who were inadequately represented in these services and institutions.

Confronting Marginalisation Extra Questions Question 7
What is the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006?
Solution:
The central government passed the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. The Act states that the injustice meted out to the Adivasis must be undone. This Act recognises their right to their homestead, cultivable and grazing land and to non-timber forest produce. It points out that the rights of forest dwellers include conservation of forests and bio-diversity.

Class 8 Civics Ch 8 Extra Questions Question 8
Mention a few crimes listed in the Prevention of Atrocities Act 1989.
Solution:
The Prevention of Atrocities Act 1989 lists several levels of crimes. Some of them are ……
I. Modes of humiliation
(i) Force a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to ; ; drink or eat any inedible or obnoxious substance
(ii) Forcibly removes clothes from the person of a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or parades him or her naked or with painted face or body or commits any similar act which is derogatory to human dignity

II. Actions that deprive Dalits and Adivasis of their possessions

(i) wrongfully occupies or cultivates any land owned by, or allotted to, … a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or gets the land allotted to him transferred

III. Crimes against Dalit and tribal women
(i) Assaults or uses force on any woman belonging to a Scheduled ; ; Caste or a Scheduled Tribe with intent to dishonour her.
Why was the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 framed?
Solution:
The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, was framed in response to demands made by Dalits and others groups.
They wanted the government to stop the ill treatment and humiliation Dalits and tribal groups face everyday.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 Extra Questions Question 10
How did the Dalits assert themselves?
Solution:
The Dalits asserted themselves and sort the help of law to fight discrimination
In the late 1970s and 1980s in parts of South India the Dalits asserted themselves by refusing to perform their so-called caste duties and insisted on being treated equally.
Adivasi people successfully organised themselves and demanded equal rights, and for their land and resources to be returned to them.
Dalit groups demanded new laws that would list the various sorts of violence against Dalits and prescribe stringent punishment for those who indulge in them.

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Understanding Laws NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Understanding Laws NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Understanding Laws Class 8 Extra Questions And Answers Question 1
Mention the different categories under which Law can be classified.
Solution:
Some of the categories under which law can be classifies are…
Criminal law
Contract Law
Property Law
International law
Equity and Trust Laws

Ncert Solutions For Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 Extra Questions Question 2
Write a short note on Lady Justice.
Solution:
Lady Justice or Justitia is the Roman Goddess of Justice. It is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system. Her blindfolded eyes symbolize equality under the law and impartiality towards all the people who are governed by it. The weighing scales represent the balancing of people’s interests under the law, and her sword denotes the law’s force of reason.

Understanding Laws Class 8 Short Answers Question 3
Mention some of the common laws that govern us.
Solution:
Some of the common laws that govern us are…
The age at which a person can vote
Specific age for marriage
Laws governing the selling and buying of property

Extra Questions On Understanding Laws Class 8 Question 4
What is a constitution?
Solution:
A Constitution is a document outlining the basic laws or principals by which a country is governed.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 Extra Questions And Answers Question 5
State Article 14 of the Indian constitution
Solution:
Article 14 – Equality before law. – The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

Understanding Laws Extra Questions Question 6
How was the system of law during ancient times in India?
Solution:
In ancient India, there were countless and overlapping local laws. Different communities were given the liberty to enforce the laws according to their need. In some cases, the punishment that two persons received for the same crime varied depending on their caste. The lower castes were punished more harshly.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 Extra Questions Question 7
When was the Hindu Succession Amendment Act revised?
Solution:
The Hindu Succession Amendment Act was revised in 2005.

Class 8 Understanding Laws Extra Questions Question 8
What was the Sedition Act?
Solution:
According to the Sedition Act of 1870 any person protesting or criticising the British government could be arrested without due trial.

Understanding Laws Class 8 Questions And Answers Question 9
Write a brief note on the Rowlatt Act.
Solution:
The Rowlatt Committee was a Sedition Committee appointed in 1918 by the British Indian Government with Mr. Justice Rowlatt, an English judge, as its president.
The Rowlatt Act, also known as the Black Act, was instituted on the Rowlatt Committee’s recommendations. It had a significant impact on the political situation of India, placing her on a path of political movement headed by Gandhi that ultimately dominated the Indian Independence movement for the next 20 years. The Act gave the Viceroy’s government powers to quell sedition by silencing the press, detaining the political activists without trial, and arresting without warrant any individuals suspected of sedition or treason. In protest, a nationwide cessation of work was called, marking the beginning of widespread, although not nationwide, popular discontent.
The agitation unleashed by the Act culminated on 13 April 1919, in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar, Punjab.

State Article 14 Of The Indian Constitution Class 8 Question 10
How is a new law introduced in Parliament?
Solution:
Parliament of India consists of the President and two Houses—the Council of States or the Rajya Sabha and the House of the People or the Lok Sabha.
A Bill can be introduced in either House of Parliament. A Bill introduced by the Minister is known as Government Bill and a Bill introduced by a private member is known as Private Member’s Bill.
The procedure for the passage of the Bills is similar in both the cases. A Bill has to pass through three stages in each House of Parliament and receive Presidential assent before it becomes an Act of Parliament. In the event of a deadlock between the two Houses on a Bill, the issue is resolved at a joint sitting of the two Houses.

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