Sastry CBSE

Directing Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Meaning and Importance of Supervision

1.Supervision It means instructing, guiding and monitoring the subordinates to ensure that they perform their jobs in accordance with the plans and instructions.

2. Definition of Supervision According for MS Viteless, ‘Supervision refers to the direct and immediate guidance and control of subordinates, in the performance of their tasks.

3. Functions of Supervisor/Importance of Supervision
The importance of supervision can be understood by the functions performed by a supervisor, which are given below:

• Maintains day-to-day contact and friendly relations with workers
• Acts as link between management and workers (Hi) Maintains group unity
• Ensures performance of work
• Provides on-the-job training
• Plays a leadership role
• Provides feedback to the workers

Previous Years Examination Questions

1 Mark Questions

1. Define supervision. (All India 2012,2008)
Ans. Supervision means instructing, guiding and monitoring the subordinates to ensure that they perform their jobs in accordance with the plans and instructions.

2. How does a supervisor act as a linking pin between management and the operatives?(All India 2009; Delhi 2008)
Ans. A supervisor acts as a link between management and operatives as he conveys management ideas to the workers, on one hand and workers’ problems to the management, on the other.

3. Why is supervision important? (Delhi 2008C)
Ans. Supervision is important because it helps in optimum utilisation of resources.
 3 Marks Questions

4. Explain any three functions performed by a supervisor that are vital to any organisation. (All India 2014)
Ans. Functions of a supervisor are as follows:
(i) Acts as a link between workers and management Supervisor conveys management policies and ideas to the workers on one hand and workers’ problem to the management on the other. He plays a crucial role of avoiding misunderstanding and conflicts between management and workers
(ii) Maintains group unity Supervisor directly overlooks the workers and this is a key link in maintaining harmony and unity among workers by sorting out their internal differences.
(iii) Ensures performance of work He takes the responsibility for task achievement according to the targets and motivates his workers effectively.

5. The performance of an organisation depends upon how a supervisor instructs and guides the subordinates at operative level. Explain.
(HOTS; Delhi 2009c; All India 2009)
Ans. Supervisor maintains day-to-day contact with workers. He is the link between workers and management. His role is to monitor and instruct the activities of employees from over and above. Supervision leads to facilitate control and ensures the optimum utilisation of resources. If he fails to perform his functions efficiently, best plans and organisation structure devised by the top management will be rendered useless. Thus, we can say that the performance of an organisation depends on how supervisor instructs and guides the subordinates.
4 / 5 Marks Questions

6. Describe the importance of supervision in directing function of management. (Delhi 2009C)
Ans. Importance of supervision are as follows:
(i) Ensures performance of work The supervisor makes sure that all the instructions are communicated to each and every employee.
(ii) Optimum utilisation of resources Under supervision, all the activities are closely monitored. In this situation, better utilisation of resources is achieved.
(iii) Acts as a link between workers and management Supervisor conveys the management’s ideas to the workers on one hand and workers problems to the management on the other, thus acting as a linkpin.
(iv) Plays a leadership role While guiding the employees, the supervisor encourages and motivates the subordinates to perform at the best of their ability, by good leadership.
(v) Provides feedback to the workers During supervision, a supervisor is always in direct contact with his subordinates. As a result, ideas, suggestions, complaints, etc of employees with regard to managerial decisions are continuously received by the supervisor. He also gives feedback to workers on how to improve there work.

7. ‘Supervision is not at all required in an organisation’. Do you agree? Give two reasons in support of your answer.
(HOTS; Delhi 2008; All India 2008)
Ans. No, I do not agree with the given statement. Supervision is required in an organisation. The supervisor occupies a strategic position in the organisation. He represents management’s ideas, thoughts and desires to the operative workers and conveys workers’ attitudes and opinions to the top management.
Reasons
(i) Ensures performance of work The supervisor makes sure that all the instructions are communicated to each and every employee.
(ii) Optimum utilisation of resources Under supervision, all the activities are closely monitored. In this situation, better utilisation of resources is achieved.
(iii) Acts as a link between workers and management Supervisor conveys the management’s ideas to the workers on one hand and workers problems to the management on the other, thus acting as a linkpin.
(iv) Plays a leadership role While guiding the employees, the supervisor encourages and motivates the subordinates to perform at the best of their ability, by good leadership.
(v) Provides feedback to the workers During supervision, a supervisor is always in direct contact with his subordinates. As a result, ideas, suggestions, complaints, etc of employees with regard to managerial decisions are continuously received by the supervisor. He also gives feedback to workers on how to improve there work.
6 Marks Questions
8. The function and performance of the supervisor are vital to an organisation because he is directly related with the workers whereas, other managers have no direct touch with bottom level workers’. In the light of this statement, explain any four functions Of a supervisor. (Compartment 2014)
or
‘The supervisor performs a very important role in an organisation by performing . multiple functions’. State any six such functions.
(Delhi 2013)
Ans. Supervisor is a person, who is primarily an incharge of a section and employees, or is responsible for both the quantity and quality of production.
The functions of supervision are as follows
(i) Providing Guidance and Leadership The supervisor leads the workers of his department. He fixes production targets for them and provides them the necessary guidance for doing thfe work assigned to them. He provides on-the-job training to the workers working under him.
(ii) Motivation The supervisor motivates his subordinates by providing financial and non-financial incentives. He inspires them for higher quality and productivity.
(iii) Preserving Records The supervisor keeps records of output and other related aspects of each employee. He sends the necessary information to the top management.
(iv) Controlling Output The supervisor controls the performance of the workers by comparing their performance with the standards. He also takes necessary action to ensure that production is done according to the predetermined standards.
(v) Liaison between Management and Workers The supervisor is an important link between the management and the workers. He explains management policies to the workers and also passes on the management’s instructions. He has a close contact with the workers and tries to understand their problems. He brings worker’s problems to the notice of the top management.
(vi) Grievance Handling A supervisor is in direct touch with the workers, so he can handle theirgrievances effectively. He should maintain good relations with the workers so that the workers come to him if they have any grievance. When a grievance is reported, he should try to remove it. But, if he can not redress the grievance, he should report it to the upper level management.

9. Give the meaning of supervision as an element of directing and any four points that explain its role. (Delhi 2012)
or
Explain the role of supervision as an element of directing function of management. (Delhi 2011)
Ans. It means instructing, guiding and monitoring the subordinates to ensure that they perform their jobs in accordance with the plans and instructions. It means overseeing what is being done by subordinates and giving instructions to ensure proper utilisation of resources and achievement of work targets.
Role of supervisor
Supervisor is a person, who is primarily an incharge of a section and employees, or is responsible for both the quantity and quality of production.
The functions of supervision are as follows
(i) Providing Guidance and Leadership The supervisor leads the workers of his department. He fixes production targets for them and provides them the necessary guidance for doing thfe work assigned to them. He provides on-the-job training to the workers working under him.
(ii) Motivation The supervisor motivates his subordinates by providing financial and non-financial incentives. He inspires them for higher quality and productivity.
(iii) Preserving Records The supervisor keeps records of output and other related aspects of each employee. He sends the necessary information to the top management.
(iv) Controlling Output The supervisor controls the performance of the workers by comparing their performance with the standards. He also takes necessary action to ensure that production is done according to the predetermined standards.
(v) Liaison between Management and Workers The supervisor is an important link between the management and the workers. He explains management policies to the workers and also passes on the management’s instructions. He has a close contact with the workers and tries to understand their problems. He brings worker’s problems to the notice of the top management.
(vi) Grievance Handling A supervisor is in direct touch with the workers, so he can handle theirgrievances effectively. He should maintain good relations with the workers so that the workers come to him if they have any grievance. When a grievance is reported, he should try to remove it. But, if he can not redress the grievance, he should report it to the upper level management.

Important Questions for Class 12 Business StudiesClass 12 Business StudiesNCERT Solutions Home Page

Staffing Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Staffing as a Part of Human Resource Management

1. Human Resource Management
It involves procuring, developing, maintaining and appraising a competent work force to achieve the goals efficiently and effectively. Staffing is an integral part of Human Resource Management.

2. Objectives of Human Resource Management

• Putting right person at right job.
• Establish relationship between employer and employees.
• Mould human resources into an organisation structure.

3. Duties or Specialised Activities of Human Resource Management

• Searching for qualified personnel.
• Analysing jobs, prepare job descriptions.
• Developing compensation and incentive plans.
• Training and development of employees.
• Maintaining labour relations and union management relations.
• Handling grievances.
• Providing for social security.
•  Defending the company in law suits and avoiding legal complications.

Previous Years Examination Questions

1 Mark Question
1.’Providing for social security welfare of employees’ is one of the specialised
activities performed by Human Resource Management. Mention any two other specialised activities of Human Resource Management. (All India 2014)
or
‘Recruitment’ is one of the specialised activity performed by human resource management. Mention any two other specialised activities of Human Resource Management.                    (Delhi 2014)
or
‘Maintaining labour relations and union management relations’ is one of the specialised activities performed by Human Resource Management. Mention any two other specialised activities of Human Resource Management. (Foreign 2014)
Ans. Two other specialised acitivities of Human Resource Management are:
(i) Handling grievances (ii) Training and development of employees
3 Marks Question
2. Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management includes many specialised
activities. Explain any three such activities. (All India 2011)
Ans. Three such activities are as follows:
(i) Recruitment, i.e. search for qualified people.
(ii) Analysing jobs, collecting information about jobs to prepare job descriptions.
(iii) Handling grievances and complaints.
4/5 Marks Questions
3.Human Resource Management includes many specialised activities and duties.
State any four such activities.  (All India 2008)
Ans. The duties of Human Resource Managers are:
(i) Training and development of employees for efficient performance.
(ii) Maintaining labour relations and union management relations.
(iii) Handling grievances and complaints.
(iv) Providing for social security and welfare of employees.

4. Explain why staffing is considered as the most important part of Human Resource Management?
(All India 2008; Delhi 2008C)
Ans. Staffing is the most important part of Human Resource Management as it develops and manages the human elements of the enterprise considering their knowledge, skill, creativity, talents and potentials for contributing towards organisational objectives. It functions within the scope of human resource department.
Human Resource Management involves determining the organisation’s need of human resources, recruiting and selecting the best employees, developing, providing compensation and rewarding the employees. It also includes activities related to liaison with government, trade unions, etc. Staffing is the inherent part of Human Resource Management which can be made more clear by analysing this example, when the above stated functions are carried out at small scale in small organisations by every manager, we call it as staffing function and when these functions are performed at large scale in a big organisation, there is a need to create a separate department called human resource department.

Important Questions for Class 12 Business StudiesClass 12 Business StudiesNCERT Solutions Home Page

Marketing Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Marketing and Selling

1.Marketing
It refers to a large set of activities and is a wide concept which involves planning, pricing, promoting and distributing the products that satisfy customers’ needs.

2.Selling
It is a narrow concept, which is restricted to promotion of goods and services through salesmanship, advertising, publicity and short-term incentives.

3.Difference between Marketing and Selling

Previous Year Examination Questions

3 Marks Question

1.Differentiate between marketing and selling on any three basis. (Delhi 2011)
or
Distinguish between marketing and selling on the basis of the following
(i)Part of the process (ii) Transfer of title
Ans.

4/5 Marks Question

2.Differentiate between marketing and selling on any five basis.(Delhi 2012,2008; All India 2012)
or
The aim of marketing and selling is to maximise profit yet they differ in their approach. Differentiate between the two by giving any six differences. (All India 2008)
Ans. (i) Selling concept Firms believe that aggressive selling and promotional efforts will convince a customer to buy a product.
(ii) Marketing concept Customers’ needs and customers’ satisfaction is the key to success of an enterprises.

6 Marks Question

3.Explain the following functions of marketing :  (Compartment 2014)
(i)Marketing planning
(ii)Product designing and development
(iii)Pricing of products
(iv)Standardisation and grading
(i) Marketing planning After market research, the marketer has to develop an appropriate marketing plan to achieve the marketing objective of the organisation. It involves taking decisions as to what activities will have to be undertaken to achieve a marketing objective.
(ii) Product designing and development The design of a product not only helps to make it attractive, but also helps in improving its performance, providing it a competitive advantage over the other products present in the market.
(iii) Pricing of products Pricing refers to the process of determining the price of a product. Price of a product refers to the amount of money that the customer has to pay in order to obtain a product from the market.
The marketers have to analyse a number of factors such as pricing objectives, pricing strategies, demand, cost, competition, etc to decide the price of a product. Generally, lower the price, higher would be demand of the product. Therefore, it is considered as one of the most crucial decision in marketing.              •
(iv) Standardisation It refers to the process of setting standards regarding quality, price, packaging, technology, equipment, etc for the production of a product. This ensures uniformity and consistency in output and reduces the need for inspection, testing and evaluation of the products.
Grading It is the process of classifying the products into different groups, on the basis of quality, size, features, etc. It is necessary for such goods which are not produced according to predetermined specifications, such as agricultural goods. Grading ensures that the goods belong to a particular quality and helps the marketer to fix prices easily.

Important Questions for Class 12 Business StudiesClass 12 Business StudiesNCERT Solutions Home Page

Principles of Management Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Fayol Vs Taylor

Henri Fayol (a practioner) and FW Taylor (Scientist) are associated with the classical management theory. Both of them immensely contributed towards the study of management as a discipline.
They were different in their contributions but essentially they were complementary in nature.
5 Marks Questions
1. Principles of Taylor and Fayol are mutually complementary. One believed that management should not close its ears to constructive suggestions made by the employees while the other suggested that a good company should have an employee suggestion system, whereby suggestions which result in substantial time or cost reduction should be rewarded. Identify and explain the principles of Taylor and Fayol referred in the above para. (Delhi 2014)
Ans. Cooperation and individulaism Management should not close its ears to constructive suggestions made by the employees, is related with the principle of Taylor, i.e. ‘cooperation not individualism’. This principle is an extension of principle of harmony. Competition should be replaced by cooperation. Management and workers both should realise that they need each other. For this management should entertain the constructive suggestions of employees and at the same time, workers should also cooperate with management.
Initiative The another principle is related with Fayol was ‘initiative’ in which he suggested that employees at all levels should take initiatives or actions without any force or boundations. This will help to motivate them and they will work hard for the betterment of the organisation. He stressed that a good company should have an employee suggestion system where by initiatives/suggestions which result in substantial cost/time reduction should be awarded.

2. Principles of Taylor and Fayol are mutually complementary. One believed that the management should share the gains with the workers, while the other suggested that employees compensation should depend on the earning capacity of the company and should give them a reasonable standard of living. Identify and explain the principles of Fayol and Taylor referred to in the above para. (All India 2014)
Ans. Taylor believed ‘management should share the gains with workers’. This has been emphasised by the principle of ‘harmony, not discord’, which also emphasised on mental revolution.
Harmony, not discord The interests of the employers and employees should be fully harmonised so as to create a good relationship. Taylor emphasised that there should be complete harmony between the management and workers. This requires a transformation in the thinking of both, which can be achieved through mental revolution. Management should share the gains of the company with the workers. At the same time, workers should work and embrace changes. Taylor beleived in, that prosperity for the employer cannot exist for a long time unless it is accompanied by prosperity for the employees and vice-versa.
In the same way, Fayol’s principle of ‘remuneration of employees’ suggested that the employees compensation should depend on the earning capacity of the company and should give them a reasonable standard of living.
Remuneration of employees According to Fayol, the quantum and methods of remuneration payable to employees should be fair and reasonable. It should be satisfactory to both employers and employees.
Thus, we can say that Taylor’s and Fayol’s principles are mutually complementary.

3. Principles of Taylor and Fayol are mutually complementary. One believed that the management should scientifically select the person and the work assigned should suit his/her physical and intellectual capabilities, while the other suggested that the work can be performed more efficiently if divided into specialised tasks. Identify and explain the principles of Fayol and Taylor referred to in the above para.
(Foreign 2014)
Ans. The principle of Fayol referred to in the above para is ‘remuneration‘.
It states that overall pay and compensation should be fair to both the employees and the organisation. The employees should be paid fair wages which should give them a reasonable standard of living.
The principle of Taylor referred to in the above para is ‘harmony, not discord‘.
It suggests that there should be complete harmony between management and the workers. Taylor suggested complete ‘mental revolution’ on the part of both the management and the workers

Important Questions for Class 12 Business StudiesClass 12 Business StudiesNCERT Solutions Home Page

Probability Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Maths Baye’s Theorem and Probability Distribution

Previous Year Examination questions

4 Marks Questions

6 Marks Questions

Important Questions for Class 12 MathsClass 12 MathsNCERT Solutions Home Page