Bhagya

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 5

Let’s Begin:

You have read the story ‘The Snake and the Mirror’. Now read the poems given in the textbook, Beehive, ‘The Snake Trying’ (Page 125) and ‘Green Snake’ (Page 126).

• Note the actions of these three snakes.
• Note the reactions of the story writer and the poets. What do they feel?
• Do you think any of the snakes wanted to do any harm?
• What is human behaviour towards them?

Discuss all these points with your partner and together share with your other friends.
Answer:

• Rishabh : How are you, Rahul?
• Rahul : I am fine and you ?
• Rishabh : I am also very well.
• Rahul : Dear friend, did you notice the actions of those three snakes that we have read in the story and poems of our textbook, Beehive.
• Rishabh : Yes, Rahul. In the story – “The Snake and the Mirror”, we have seen that even the poisonous snake, cobra did not harm the writer after having landed on his shoulder. In the poem, “The Snake Trying’, after having the danger on its life, the snake slid away into the water and hid itself among green reeds.
  In the second poem, “Green Snake” did no harm to anybody. Still, it was killed.
• Rahul : All these actions of the snakes make it clear nature, they do not harm anybody unless they feel danger on their lives. But what about the reactions of the story writer and the poets ? What do they feel ?
• Rishabh : The story writer unnecessarily felt it as killer snake. But he did not do any movement. While both poets praised their beauty and did not harm them.
• Rahul : Do you think any of the snakes wanted to do any harm ?
• Rishabh : No, I think, any of the snakes did not want to do any harm.
• Rahul : What is the human behaviour towards them ?
• Rishabh : People unnecessarily kill them, only in the anticipation of any harm as we have seen in the poems. But the snake bites only when it feels danger on its life.

Further, we have shared our views with other friends decided to aware about the nature of snakes and prevention to animal cruelty.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

The Miraculous Escape:
I had been very wealthy and prosperous and was leading a very comfortable life. I had all the worldly pleasures with me. But soon I became bored of my idle life. The urge to go on a voyage became stronger and stronger day by day. It haunted me like anything. So one day I boarded a ship and went trading from island to island with other merchants.

When we started, the weather was fine and the sea was calm. But on the fourth day of our voyage, our ship was caught in a terrific/terrible hurricane and we wandered from our set course. The tempest continued for several days and drove us near an island. The captain of the ship was reluctant to cast anchor at the port as it was a much dreaded place.

The violent waves of the sea had exhausted us. We were all tired and hungry so we went in search of food and water. We were fortunate enough to find fruit trees and a stream of fresh and cool water which gave us strength and energy and relieved us from hunger.

It had started getting dark. As we were tired we went to sleep but were soon startled by a rustling noise which came from a very long and huge python like serpent gliding swiftly towards us. We ran to save our lives but the serpent was quick enough to swallow one of my companions. We kept running till we had covered a good enough distance from the serpent. We felt a bit relieved but at the same time sad as we had lost a friend of ours. We took shelter on the top of a tree and thought ourselves to be safe.

But we were mistaken for we had hardly slept a little time when we heard a hissing sound which alarmed and frightened us. Coiling itself round the tree, the serpent reached my other companion who was positioned somewhat lower than me on the tree. It swallowed him and went away. Terror stricken I clung to the branch of the tree tightly and I did not know when I fell asleep. It was daylight when I awoke.

I climbed down. It seemed to me that I had no courage left. It took me no time to realise that if I would not think of a way to escape soon, I would be a dead man. It was just a matter of time when I would also be swallowed like my two other companions. The instinct to prevent one’s life is greater than any fear or frustration.

I thought I should spare no means to save myself. I collected a lot of dry wood and bushes and tied them into a bundle with reeds. I arranged them in a circular structure round the tree and tied some of them with the branches of the tree. In this way I made a tent like structure in which I sat after dusk and securely tied from within. I had the satisfaction that whatever I could do I did it to prevent myself. This time when the serpent arrived he crept round the tree but he could not penetrate the defensive structure I had made around me. It just sat and waited the whole night like a cat that waits for the mouse to emerge out of its hole.

At dawn the serpent crept back but I dared not come out of my fortress. I lay there half dead and almost suffocated. When the Sun began to shine, I came out of my wooden fortress. I was so desperate that I ran towards the seashore. When I was about to jump into the sea, I saw a ship sailing at some distance. I shouted wildly, I took off my shirt and waved it too, which attracted the sailors on the ship and a rescue boat was immediately sent for me. This was my miraculous escape from the deadly serpent. (Source: Anonymous)

Discuss what effect did the story have on you? What would you have done, if you were in the narrator’s place? Does it teach you how to save yourself from danger? Now based on your reading of the story, answer the questions that follow. You may read the story again.

Question 1.
What made the narrator go on a voyage?
(a) He was rich and satisfied with his life.
(b) He felt bored of his life.
(c) He had urge to go on a voyage.
(d) He was adventurous.
Answer:
(b) He felt bored of his life.

Question 2.
How did the narrator and his friends feed themselves?
(a) They ate fish.
(b) They could not find anything to eat.
(c) They ate fruits to survive.
(d) They ate the food they had brought with themselves.
Answer:
(c) They ate fruits to survive.

Question 3.
The narrator and his companions were on the tree. The serpent swallowed his companion but not the narrator. Why?
Answer:
The serpent swallowed his companion but not the narrator because his companion was positioned somewhat lower than the narrator on the tree.

Question 4.
How did the narrator save himself from the serpent?
Answer:
The narrator collected a lot of dry wood and bushes and tied them into a bundle with reeds. He arranged them in a circular structure like a tent and sat inside it. The serpent could not penetrate that defensive structure and this is how, the narrator saved himself from the serpent.

Question 5.
Find the words in the story which mean the nearest to the words given below.
(a) rich (First para)
(b) moved (Second para)
(c) tired (Third para)
(d) scared (Fifth para)
(e) urge (Fifth para)
Answer:
(a) rich – wealthy
(b) moved – wandered
(c) tired – exhausted
(d) scared – frightened
(e) urge – instinct

Question 6.
Now find words in the story which mean the opposite of the given words.
(а) poor (First para) ___________
(b) weak (Third para) ___________
(c) enforce (Third para) ___________
(d) insecurely (Sixth para) ___________
(e) offensive (Sixth para) ___________
Answer:
(a) poor – wealthy
(6) weak – strength
(c) enforce – relieved
(d) insecurely – securely
(e) offensive – defensive

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
The story of Miraculous Escape has a number of words which describe the narrator’s feeling of fear and getting tired of the journey. List the words of the two feelings and experiences.

Fear	Getting tired
Terrific. __________. ______, _________. ______, _________. ______, _________.	Exhausted, ________. ______, _________. ______, _________. ______, _________.

Answer:
Fear – Getting tired
Terrific – Exhausted
haunted – tired
alarmed – half dead
frightened – suffocated
terror stricken – desperate

Question 2.
Can you now add suffix which can mean or relate to the word ‘fear’? First one has been done for you.
Fear
(a) fearsome
(b) fear ___________
(c) fear ___________
(d) fear ___________
(e) fear ___________
(f) fear ___________
(g) fear ___________
(h) fear ___________
Answer:
(a) fearsome
(b) fearing
(c) fearful
(d) fearless
(e) fearlessly
(f) fearlessness
(g) fearfulness
(h) feared

Grammar:

Reported Speech: Reporting questions

Question 1.
You have learnt how to report questions from direct to indirect speech. Here is a paragraph with direct speech questions. Read them carefully and report into indirect speech. Rewrite the paragraph in the space given below.
Once an old man asked a young boy, “Who do you think are the most intelligent people?” The young man said in return, “Who do you think so?” The old man said, “How can sons and daughters be intelligent without learning from their parents?” The young man said, “How did you as a parent learn?” The old man said, “Why are you hijacking my question by asking me back?” The young man said, “Didn’t you know that you as a parent, now have learnt all the things on your own?” The old man said, “How do you say that we all learnt from others?” The young man said, “Why do you ask me about how to operate electronic gadget all the time?” The old man said, “Why can’t I ask you because I have paid for the gadget you use?”
Answer:
Once an old man asked a young boy who he thought were the most intelligent people. The young man replied who he thought so. The old man asked how sons and daughters could be intelligent without learning from their parents. The young man asked how he, as a parent, had learnt. The old man asked further why he was hijacking his question by asking him back. The young man asked if he had not known that he, as a parent, then had learnt all the things on his own. The old man asked how he said that they all had learnt from others. The young man asked why he asked him about how to operate electronic gadget all the time. The old man asked why he could not ask him because he had paid for the gadget he used.

Question 2.
Now here is a set of sentences given in indirect speech. Change them into direct speech.
Answer:

Indirect Speech	Direct Speech
(a) Romesh asked Lata whether she could go with him for a picnic the next day.	(a) Romesh
(b) Lata replied why had he asked her to join.	(b) Lata
(c) Romesh asked Lata why she was questioning him.	(c) Romesh
(d) Lata replied there was no use visiting the place she had seen before.	(d) Lata
(e) Romesh asked Lata what was wrong in visiting the same place again for the place was not the same.	(e) Romesh

(a) Romesh asked Lata, “Can you come with me for a picnic tomorrow ?”
(b) Lata said, “Why have you asked me to join ?”
(c) Romesh asked Lata, “Why are you questioning me ?”
(d) Lata said, “There is no use visiting the place I have seen earlier.”
(e) Romesh asked Lata, “What is wrong in visiting the same place again as the place is not the same ?”

Editing:

Question 1.
Some of the prepositions are incorrectly used in the following story. Correct them and read the story aloud. Then rewrite the story in the space given below.
The Dog and His Bone:
A hungry dog while searching about food found a bone. He picked it out and held it tightly in his mouth and ran out into the woods, to a safe place to enjoy it in ease. He growled and frowned at anyone who attempted to take it over. He chewed the bone for a very long time and this made him quite thirsty. He came to a stream to quench his thirst. He trotted around the footbridge and happened to glance into the water.

He saw his own reflection in the water. Thinking it was another dog with a bigger bone, he growled and scowled towards it. The reflection growled and scowled back. Being greedy by nature, he wanted that bone too. He snapped his sharp teeth at the image on the water. He barked at the other dog, hoping to scare him into giving that bone. His own big bone fell with a splash, went over of sight, the moment he opened his mouth to bite!
Answer:
A hungry dog while searching for food found a bone. He picked it up and held it tightly in his mouth and ran out into the woods, to a safe place to enjoy it with ease. He growled and frowned at anyone who attempted to take it out. He chewed the bone for a very long time and this made him quite thirsty. He came to a stream to quench his thirst. He trotted over the footbridge and happened to glance in the water. He saw his own reflection in the water. Thinking it was another dog with a bigger bone, he growled and scowled at it. The reflection growled and scowled back. Being greedy by nature, he wanted that bone too. He snapped his sharp teeth at the image in the water. He barked at the other dog, hoping to scare him for giving that bone. His own big bone fell with a splash, went out of sight, the moment he opened his mouth to bite!

Question 2.
Rearrange each set of words to make sentences. Use appropriate punctuation marks.
(a) when I gave her, the bad news, she turned pale
(b) become rotten, as it has, the apple, don’t eat
(c) great friends, last quarrel, after their, they became
(d) first and only novel, after her, got a prize, she became famous
Answer:
(a) She turned pale when I gave her the bad news.
(b) Don’t eat the apple, as it has become rotten.
(c) They became great friends after their last quarrel.
(d) She became famous after her first and only novel got a prize.

Listening:

How brave are you? Take a minute to think over this question. There are people who risk their lives to save someone’s life from danger. Here is a child who dared and saved lives. Let us listen to the story of a braveheart.
The Brave Hearts:
On October 26,2009, Jhalaram’s hut in the village Sameshwar in Rajasthan, suddenly caught fire. His two daughters, aged two-and-a-half years and one year, as well as ten goats were in the hut at that time.

Shrawan Kumar, a six-year old boy, was playing in his house at a distance of about 200 feet. Seeing smoke coming out from Jhalaram’s house, he ran towards it. He saw the children sitting on a cot and screaming for help, and the goats caught in the flames.

Shrawan entered the house, lifted the younger child in one arm and pulling the older one by the hand, brought them out safely. He took them to his house, then ran to inform his father and the children’s father.

The elders rushed to the site. But by that time, the goats had died and the household belongings had been destroyed in the fire. It was Shrawan Kumar’s daring act that saved the lives of the two children.
(Shrawan Kumar, 6 years old, Sameshwar, Rajasthan) (Source: Children’s World, May 2012)

Your teacher will read out the story. Listen to the story carefully and answer the questions below. You may ask the teacher to read out the story more than once.

Question 1.
Where is the village of Sameshwar?
Answer:
Sameshwar village is in Rajasthan.

Question 2.
Whose hut had caught fire?
Answer:
Jhalaram’s hut had caught fire.

Question 3.
Who all were there in the hut when it caught fire?
Answer:
His two daughters and ten goats were in the hut, when it caught fire.

Question 4.
Why did Shrawan run towards Jhalaram’s house?
Answer:
He ran towards Jhalaram’s house for help.

Question 5.
How did Shrawan save the two children?
Answer:
He lifted the younger child in one arm and pulled the other one by hand.

Question 6.
What happened to the goats?
Answer:
The goats died in the fire.

Speaking:

Imagine yourself as the narrator in the story ‘The Miraculous Escape’ and describe your experience during your voyage. Jot down the points you want to speak on. Then narrate your experience to your partner. You may begin like this:
I have been thinking of going on a voyage. And here came the opportunity to sail on a ship! I enjoyed the blue sea, the silence all around, amazing sunrise for a week. Then suddenly one day.
Answer:
Your points:

• journey started on happy note
• soon ship was hit by a gigantic wave
• the engine dropped into water
• we were sure to die
• informed NDMA
• rescue ship came and saved

I have been thinking of going on a voyage. And here came the opportunity to sail on a ship! I enjoyed the blue sea, the silence all around, amazing sunrise for a week. Then suddenly one day, barely 15 minutes into the journey of that day, a sudden and dreadful sound came from the rear and the wave from the front hit the ship. Without any warning, the journey was halted in the middle of a great sea.

Nobody knew what had happened until the captain cried out, holding his head with his hands, “We are in trouble ! The ship engine has dropped into the sea.” I began to ponder what could have happened if the situation went out of hand. The captain attempted diving head-long into the sea in search of the missing engine. This heightened the fear among passengers. They began wailing, weeping, shouting and offering prayers in different languages.

The journalist among the passengers in a last ditch effort to seek solution called to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Ministry of Shipping in India. The officials listened patiently to the complaint and offered their assurances that all would be well. In the meantime, one of the passengers got through to the terminal and a rescue ship was sent to the relief and delight of all on board.

All passengers were rescued. We all were happy from the close shave with death and thought how lucky we’were to be alive. I thanked almighty for his blessings. Really, I was fortunate to escape death even though I was face-to-face with it. Now, I happily live to share my experience.

Writing:

Question 1.
A group of pictures are given here. They make a story. This story is from the Tales of Panchatantra.

Now write the story in the lines provided below. Provide a suitable title to the story.
Answer:
Panchatantra story – The story of the Foolish Lion and the Clever Rabbit.
Once upon a time, there lived a greedy lion in a jungle. Everyday he was hunting and killing many animals to satisfy his hunger. The animals were afraid and worried about their safety. They gathered and decided to approach the lion. They had the offer of one animal of each species volunteering itself to be eaten by the lion everyday. The lion agreed. So, everyday it was the turn of one of the animals and in the end came the rabbits’ turn. The rabbits chose an old rabbit among them. The rabbit was wise and experienced. The rabbit was sad as he was going to the lion’s den.

He came across the old well. He looked into it. The well was very deep and dangerous-filled with water. Then he made a plan in his mind. He took little longer to go to the lion. The lion was getting impatient and angry. He swore to kill all animals the next day. The rabbit came before the lion by sunset. The lion was angry at him. But the wise rabbit was calm and slowly told the lion that it was not his fault. He said that he had been stopped by another lion who had been claiming himself as the king of the jungle and he wanted to meet you. After hearing all this from the rabbit, he was naturally very enraged. He asked the rabbit to take him to the location of the other lion.

The wise rabbit agreed and led the lion towards a deep well filled with water. Then he showed the lion his reflection in the water of the well. The lion mistook his reflection for another lion. The lion was furious and started growling and naturally its image in the water i.e.’ the other lion, was equally angry. He roared and there was an echo. He thought that the other lion was also roaring. So, he jumped into the well to attack on the other lion. In this way, he lost his life in the well. And the wise rabbit saved the forest and its inhabitants from the greedy lion. That is, wit is superior to brute force.

Question 2.
Courage needs no age and comes after we let go of all our fears. Every year, on the Republic Day, National Bravery Awards are given to selected children for their act of bravery against all odds. These children are able to achieve this glory as they overcome their moments of fear and do their best to save precious lives.

Make a list of any five such children and their actions for which they have been awarded the National Bravery Award. Write a few paragraphs on each child. Keep your writings in the Class Library or the Reading Club for all your friends to read.

(Source: https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/national- bravery-awards- 2018-meet-the-18-bravehearts-of-india-1802479)
Answer:
The National Bravery Awards are given to about 25 Indian children annually below 16 years of age for meritorious acts of bravery against all odds. The award was instituted in 1957. The Bravery Awards have, so far, been given to 680 boys and 283 girls. The awards carry a medal, a certificate and a cash prize. Eligible awardees are also granted financial assistance until they finish school.

This year, in 2018, a total of 18 bravehearts – seven girls and eleven boys have been honoured with the awards for their courage and presence of mind.
They are :

• Netravati M. Chavan (Karnataka)
• Karanbeer Singh (Punjab)
• F. Lalchhandama (Mizoram)
• Betshwajohn Lyngdoh Peinlang
• Mamata Dalai (Odisha)
• Sebastian Vincent (Kerala)
• Laxmi Yadav (Chhatisgarh)
• Samridhi Sushil Sharma (Gujarat)
• Zonuntluanga (Mizoram)
• Pankaj Semwal (Uttarakhand)
• Nazia (Uttar Pradesh)
• Mansha N. (Nagaland)
• Shangpon Konyak (Nagaland)
• Yoaknei (Nagaland)
• Chingai Wangsa (Nagaland)
• Nadaf Ejaj Abdul Rauf (Maharashtra)
• Loukrakpam Rajeshwori Chanu (Manipur)
• Pankaj Kumar Mahanta (Odisha)

Some prominent recipients among them are as follows :

1. Netravati M. Chavan:
Netravati, who was 14 years old then, belonged to Bagalkot district of Karnataka. She lost her life while trying to save two young boys from drowning. On May 13, 2017, Netravati was washing clothes at a pond near a stone quarry. It was a usual day. All of a sudden, she heard the screams of two boys who were drowning in the pond. The pond was overflowing due to rain. When she looked closer, she realised neither of them could swim and were drowning.

Without thinking about her own life, she dived into the 30-feet deep water to save Ganesh and Muthu. She managed to rescue 16-year-old Muthu (16) but she could not save the younger 10-year-old Ganesh. Although, she went back to rescue Ganesh, but he gripped her neck in fear. Netravati was suffocated to death while Ganesh drowned.
The braveheart has been posthumously awarded the Geeta Chopra National Bravery Award in 2018.

2. Karanbeer Singh:
16-year-old Karanbeer Singh, hails from Punjab. He saved at least 15-lives when their school bus plunged into a drain. Karanbeer Singh was one among 38 people in a DAV Public School van that fell into a drain from a bridge at Muhawa village. The accident killed seven children while thirteen were injured.

Karanbeer Singh repeatedly warned the driver not to overspeed on the narrow bridge since it had no railing. But his request was not paid any heed to. The van fell into the drain. The doors were jammed and there was no escape. Water started filling inside the bus and breathing became difficult for the terrified children. There was no escape. Karanbeer and his sister showed great courage and helped other come out of the bus, which was fast sinking. Karanbeer, keeping a cool head, broke open the door. First, he ran outside the bus. When he realised that many children were still inside the bus, he went back inside. By now the water level had increased. But, he was determined to save his friends. He helped other children to escape and managed to save 15 lives. In this endeavour, he sustained a deep cut on his forehead.

3. F. Laichhandama:
Seventeen-year-old Laichhandama along with his two other friends went to river Tlawng to swim on 7th May 2017. This is the longest river in Mizoram. When they were returning, after the swim, one of his friends, C. Lalremkima slipped into the river. In a state of panic, he failed to stay afloat and started drowning. Laichhandama jumped into the river to save his friend. But the drowning boy gripped Lamuansangma’s neck almost choking him in a state of panic.

But Laichhandama rescued Lamuansanga, getting him to the shore. Again he decided to swim back and rescue Lalremkima. But the drowning boy held onto his neck very tight. Unfortunately, both of them lost their lives. When the body of the brave- heart was found, his arms were found to be wrapped around his friend’s body. Laichhandama was awaiting his board results when the unfortunate tragedy happened.

4. Mamata Dalai:
Six-year-old Mamata Dalai from Odisha and her elder sister, seven-year-old, Asanti had gone to bathe in a pond. It was a five-foot long crocodile, which had strayed into the village. It suddenly emerged out of the water and attacked Asanti. The crocodile clamped on Asanti’s hand with a vicious grip and tried to drag her into the pond. Instead of getting scared and running to safety, Mamata held onto her sister’s left hand and started to pull her out of the crocodile’s grip. Her physical force and loud screams attracted nearby citizens. The crocodile lost its grip on Asanti and slipped into the water. Further, it was caught by the forest officials of the Bhitarkanika National Park. Asanti sustained a few injuries, but her life was spared. Mamata is the youngest recipient of the Bravery Awards this year. She has been conferred the Bapu Gaidhani Award.

5. Laxmi Yadav:
On 2nd August 2016, the sixteen-year old, Laxmi Yadav from Raipur in Chhatisgarh was in the middle of a conversation with her friend. Their bike was parked near Ganesh Nagar Marg. Suddenly, three bikers ambushed them. Her friend was beaten up, while Lakshmi was abducted on a motorcycle. They drove her to an isolated place and tried to sexually assault her. Although, she froze for a moment, she gathered the courage to fight back. The brave girl managed to catch hold of their bike key and threw it away. When the miscreants got distracted, Laxmi Yadav pushed them away and fled. She went to the nearest Police Station and filed on FIR. The police arrested all those three persons on that very day and found one of them to be a repeat offender.

Laxmi suffers from tuberculosis. She aspires to become a Police Officer to ensure women empowerment so that they could be safe whether at home or outside. She wants to fight for women’s dignity in our society.

Project:

Question 1.
The stories of ‘The Snake and the Mirror’ and ‘The Miraculous Escape’ show how people face danger and are scared of animals. As children, many of us fear stray dogs. Both adults and children are scared of snakes. Fear exists in most of us. Some fears have bases and others do not. Let us conduct a survey of what people fear about. You may follow the guidelines given below.

• Form groups of four, and select an area for your survey. It may be your classmates, teachers or people in your neighbourhood.
• Develop a questionnaire to collect information about the fears people have. You may have at least eight to ten questions.
• Decide how many people you will ask the questions for the survey.
• Ask people the questions.
• Write their opinions in tabular form.
• Now write the first draft of the report.
• You may add graphic representations of the information and the data collected.
• Edit and write the report to make it final.
• Present it in a report form to the class.

You can also make a PowerPoint presentation.
Answer:
1. Introduction:
Fear is a feeling induced by perceived danger or threat that occurs in certain types of organisms, which causes a change in metabolic and organ functions and ultimately a change in behaviour. Such behaviours include : fleeing, hiding or freezing from perceived traumatic events. It may occur in response to a specific stimulus occurring in the present, or in anticipation or expectation of a future threat i.e. a risk to body or life. It exists in most of us.
Types : Some fears have bases and others have not. In this way, fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called phobia.

2. Purpose and Aim:
The main purpose of our study is to know about fears. We have to conduct a survey by enquiring people from different walks of life on the symtoms, causes, effects and measures to control it. The aim of this project is to know what people fear about.

3. Methodology:
The methodology adopted for this project to work for the purposes and the aim set before is based on the primary data. We have formed groups of four and selected an area for our survey. We have collected information about the fear from more than 500 people from different walks of life on the basis of following questionnaire.

Questionnaire:

• May I know your name, please ?
• What is your contact number ?
• Have you ever felt fear ?
• Share your experience about the incidence ? What are its symptoms ?
• How will you categorise various types of fear ?
• What do people fear about ?
• What do you think about the causes of the fear ?
• What are its impacts ?
• How do you think there is a close relationship between fear and anger ?
• Why do you think fear has its own importance?
• Suggest some measures to control various types of fear ?

On the basis of the survey, we have drawn the following information regarding the fear.

4. Report:
In simple terms, fear is an anxious feeling caused by our anticipation of some imagined event or experience. This is an emotional response induced by a perceived threat, which causes a change in brain and organ function, as well as in behaviour. Fear can lead us to hide, to run away, or to freeze in our shoes.

According to the survey, some of the most common fears are of demons and ghosts, the existence of evil powers, terrorist attacks, death, cockroaches, spiders, dogs, snakes, heights, water, enclosed spaces, failure, war, tunnels, bridges, needles, social rejection, examinations and public speaking.

Fear is often the base emotion on which anger floats. Oppressed people rise at their oppressors because they fear loss of autonomy and even ego- death. Although, fear suppresses our potential and progress but on the other hand, it is beneficial for us also. This valid emotion builds our character and teaches us what we have within us, and how to act with courage.

Thus, fear has a place in our lives. But we should not allow it to dictate our lives. The following measures can be adopted to control it:

• We should accept and admit our fear.
• We should build the courage to face the situation.
• We should address it head on.
• We should collect facts regarding the situation.
• We should chase negative thoughts from our mind and have positive thinking towards the win.

In short, we have to say that the feeling of fear is human, but conquering it would make us feel empowered, courageous and proud.

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 4

Look at the pictures and identify who they are. Write their names in the given spaces. The quotes against each picture may also help you recognize them.

How do the quotes reflect the beautiful mind of the personalities mentioned? Discuss in pairs of four, jot down your points, and then present to the class.
Hint:
Rabindra Nath Tagore – Happiness is a state of mind that a man can easily switch over to even amidst great chagrin. But to achieve simplicity is a far difficult thing because among the five elements the human body is constituted of, one is sky which propels to aspire for comfort, ease and luxury more and more marring the scope of simplicity.

Albert Einstein – Character is a huge mirror in which the attitudinal strengths and weaknesses of a person are reflected life-like size. Lacunae in attitude leads to lacunae in character. It is rightly said that attitudes are the building material of character.

Helen Keller – What appeals to our sight organ is considered to be beautiful but the real beauty is abstract. It can neither be touched, nor be seen. It is something divine which can be felt through heart. Beauty in real sense of the term is a heavenly experience which fills the soul with satiety.

Subhash Chandra Bose – The idea of‘truth and non-violence’ did not die with the sad demise of M. Gandhi, nor did the idea of‘freedom is our birthright’ die with Tilak. Instead these ideas were incarnated in thousand lives. Innumerable people even today believe in the maxim and follow them. S.C. Bose was cent-per cent right to state this.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

The World as I See It:
In my opinion, the present symptoms of decadence are explained by the fact that the development of industry and machinery has made the struggle for existence very much more severe, greatly to the detriment of the free development of the individual. But the development of machinery means that less and less work is needed from the individual for the satisfaction of the community’s needs.

A planned division of labour is becoming more and more of a crying necessity and this division will lead to the material security of the individual. This security and the spare time and energy which the individual will have at his command can be made to further his development. In this way the community may regain its health, and we will hope that future historians will explain the morbid symptoms of present-day society as the childhood ailments of an aspiring humanity, due entirely to the excessive speed at which civilisation was advancing.
(An extract from The World As I See It by A. Einstein)

Question 1.
What is responsible for the present degradation of individual development?
Answer:
Development of industry and machinery which has made the struggle for existence very much severe.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of development in relation to individuals?
Answer:
Individual development means improving one’s talents, potential through better awareness and identity which, in turn, helps in improving the quality of life.

Question 3.
What is the ‘planned division of labour’? How will it be helpful in human development?
Answer:
Planned division of labour means separation of a work process into a number of task with each task performed by separate individual or a group. The work force can further be divided into skilled and unskilled labour.
This would benefit human development as there would be higher productivity, greater co-operation, lower cost and time-efficiency.

Question 4.
What does the phrase ‘symptoms of decadence’ mean in the opening line?
(a) diagnosis of degradation
(b) warning signs of depravity
(c) signs of prosperity
(d) diagnosis of indifference
Answer:
(b) warning signs of depravity

Question 5.
The phrase ‘crying necessity’ in the opening paragraph means:
(a) urgent need
(b) weeping need
(c) sad need
(d) average need
Answer:
(a) urgent need

Question 6.
Circle the odd one out
Answer:
(a) presence, (distance), existence, being, alive
(b) possible, feasible, probable, (unthinkable) obtainable
(c) violence, assault, roughness, (passivity) fierceness
(d) conflict, contest, contention, rivalry, (accord)
(e) consolation, compassion, (annoyance), sympathy, support.

Text – II

Read the following text and answer the questions.
When Einstein wrote to Gandhi:
In 1931, Albert Einstein wrote the following short letter of admiration to another of the world’s greatest minds, Mohandas Gandhi. Despite their intentions, the pair never met in person.
Respected Mr. Gandhi,
I use the presence of your friend in our home to send you these, lines. You have shown through your words, that it is possible to succeed without violence even with those who have not discarded the method of violence. We may hope that your example will spread beyond the borders of the country, and will help to establish an international authority, respected by all, that will take decisions and replace war conflicts. With sincere admiration Yours
(Signed, ‘A. Einstein’)
I hope that I will be able to meet you face to face someday.
LONDON,
October 18, 1931 DEAR FRIEND,
I was delighted to have your beautiful letter sent through Sundaram. It is great consolation to me that the work I am doing finds favour in your sight. I do indeed wish that we could meet face to face and that too in India at my Ashram.
Yours Sincerely (Signed, ‘M.K Gandhi0
(Source: Letters of Note, Volume 2, by Shaun Usher)

Question 1. Albert
Einstein admired M. K. Gandhi because: [tick (✓) the right answer]
Answer:
(a) Gandhi discarded the method of violence.
(b) Gandhi showed that it is possible to succeed without violence with those vrho have discarded the method of violence.
(c) Gandhi showed that it is possible to succeed without violence only with those who have discarded the method of violence.
(d) Gandhi showed that it is possible to succeed without violence with all irrespective of whether they have continued or discarded the method of violence.

Question 2.
Where did Gandhi wish to meet Einstein? [tick (✓) the right answer]
Answer:
(a) his residence in London
(b) his Ashram in India
(c) his Ashram in London
(d) during his tour to London

Question 3.
Why does Einstein want Gandhi’s example to go beyond India?
Answer:
Einstein wanted-Gandhi’s example to go beyond India, as it would help to establish an international authority respected by all, that will take decisions and replace war conflicts.

Question 4.
You have read the chapter and the exchange of letters between A. Einstein and M. K. Gandhi. What similarities do you find in the ideas of both the personalities?
Answer:
Both were pacifists, wanted peace and tranquility among humans and nations. Both wanted to work for humanity and that too without any self interest.

Question 5.
Find the opposites of the words given below from Einstein’s letter.
(a) impossible ____________
(b) fail ____________
(c) peace ____________
(d) absence ____________
(e) enemy ____________
Answer:
(a) possible
(b) succeed
(c) war
(d) presence
(e) friend

Question 6.
In the context of Gandhi’s response to Einstein’s letter, ‘finds favour in your sight’ means:
(a) satisfied you
(b) delighted you
(c) appreciated by you
(d) not accepted by you
Answer:
(c) appreciated by you

Text – III

If
If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or, being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or, being hated, don’t give way to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise;

If you can dream – and not make dreams your master;
If you can think – and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with triumph and disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,
And stoop and build ’em up with wornout tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: “Hold on”;

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with kings – nor lose the common touch;
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And-which is more-you’ll be a Man, my son!
– Rudyard Kipling

Question 1.
Which lines in the poem tell us to have self control, a clear head and not to become bitter when people speak against us? Stanza 1
Answer:
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or, being lied about don’t deal in lies,
Or, being hated, don’t give way to hating.

Question 2.
One must be just as graceful in losing as he is in winning.
What are the two words in the poem that can replace the underlined ones? Stanza 2
Answer:
Losing – disaster; winning – triumph

Question 3.
In the third stanza what does the poet mean by ‘And lose, and start again’?
Answer:
‘And lose, and start again’
According to the poet, the above lines means if ever in the course of your life there comes a situation where you lose everything that you earned with hardships. Then don’t let yourself bowed down by the situation instead you decide to face the challenging situation by rebuilding from the scratch; prove that you are a man in real sense.

Question 4.
There is a necessity to treat all people equally and amidst people we should not lose our self ‘who we are’? How has the poet expressed this in the fourth stanza?
Answer:
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue; or walk with kings-nor lose the common touch.

Question 5.
List two things from each stanza that we can do to make the Earth ours, as given in the poem.
Answer:
I – If a person has patience and does not become bitter when others speak against him.
II – If a person can gracefully accept his defeat just as his victory and can rebuild what he has lost without lamenting.
III – If a person can risk all his life’s achievement and he keeps his will-power intact till the end.
IV – If a person treats all people equally irrespective of their appearance, wealth and religion and if he earns everyone’s trust. (Take Any Two)
A person can make the Earth his in all the above situations.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Read the paragraphs mentioned against each explanation and find out the words in that paragraph which best match the explanation given. Refer to the chapter ‘A Truly Beautiful Mind’ given in your textbook, Beehive.
(a) A word used disapprovingly to talk about a person who is unusual and doesn’t behave like others. ____________ (paragraph 1)
(b) Taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job. ____________ (paragraph 3)
(c) Respecting and allowing many different types of beliefs or behaviour. ____________ (paragraph 5)
(d) A person who is lacking in or hostile or smugly indifferent to cultural values, intellectual pursuits, etc. ____________ (paragraph 7)
(e) Relating to work that needs special training or education. ____________ (paragraph 8)
Answer:
(a) Freak
(b) Amateur
(c) Liberal
(d) Philistine
(e) Expert

Question 2.
Einstein was a world citizen.
This means he does not belong to one country because his contributions to science and the society have moved beyond the borders of his country.
‘World’ has different meanings in a variety of contexts.
Read the sentences given below and find out the meanings of ‘world’ in each sentence.
(а) My mother means the world to me.
(b) Vasco da Gama sailed round the world.
(c) He is a big name in the world of fashion.
(d) Stars from the sporting and artistic worlds participated in the function.
(e) She is a simple person in real world as well as in the movies.
Answer:
(a) World means here – everything.
(b) Round the world – entire or whole world.
(c) World of fashion – Field of fasliion.
(d) Area or field of sports and art.
(e) Here world means (in real) life.

Grammar:

Participle Clause:
You have read about and done exercises on participle clauses (Beehive, p. 52). We know that participle clause is a form of adverbial clause which enables us to say information in a more economical way. We can use participle clauses when the participle and verb in the main clause have the same subject.

Example:
Waiting for John, I made some tea.

Question 1.
Choose the correct option for the sentences below.
(a) Waiting for the doctor, ____________
[a big noise scared everybody, Dave read a magazine, the alarm went off]
(b) ____________ in the jungle, George had to find the way out on his own. [having lost, lost, losing]
(c) ____________ our pottery will last for generations. [treating with care/you treat with care/ treated with care]
(d) ____________ a holiday, all the banks were closed. [having been/been/ being]
(e) ____________ for so long, he had lost all hope.
[being unemployed/unemployed/ having been unemployed]
Answer:
(a) Dave read a magazine
(b) Lost
(c) Treated with care
(d) Being
(e) Having been unemployed

Question 2.
Join the following sentences using a present-participle as given in the example.
Example:
We walked along the footpath. We saw an accident.
Walking along the footpath, we saw an accident.
(Note: Out of the two actions, the one which takes place first is changed into present participle.)
(a) He stood by the side of a temple. He asked people to go in.
(b) She came out of the room. She greeted the visitors.
(c) He heard the news. He started crying.
(d) He found the lock broken. He rang up the Police.
(e) He felt sleepy. He went to bed.
Answer:
(a) Standing by the side of a temple, he asked people to go in.
(b) Coming out of the room, she greeted the visitors.
(c) Hearing the news, he started crying.
(d) Finding the lock broken, he rang up the police.
(e) Feeling sleepy, he went to bed.

Editing:

There is an error in each line. Underline the incorrect word and write the correct word in the blank given. The first one has been done for you as an example.
I entred the manager’s office and sat down, entered
I have just lost five hundred rupees and I felt very upset.
(a) _______ “I leave the money in my desk,” I said, (b) _______“and it is not there now”. The manager was very sympathetic but he can do nothing. (c) _______ “Everyone loses money theses days,” (d) _______ he said. He start to complain about this wicked world, (e) _______ but is interrupted by a knock at the door, (f) _______.
Answer:
(a) had
(b) left
(c) could
(d) these
(e) started
(f) was.

Listening:

Listen to the story given below. The teacher or your classmate will read the story aloud. Listen to it carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Gautama Buddha was journeying through the Kosala region. He was warned not to pass through the deep jungle, as it Was the den of a famous robber chief, Angulimala. He was the terror of the whole countryside. He lived by plundering travellers and feared no one. He had committed many murders. All attempts to capture the inhuman Angulimala had failed. So he continued his crimes unpunished. The people of Kosala pleaded with the Buddha not to expose himself to the dangers of the robber’s territory.

But Gautama Buddha knew no fear. The warnings of the people of Kosala did not affect him. He made his way into the jungle. Angulimala got enraged at this boldness. He was determined to kill the intruder. But when he saw the Buddha, calm and self- possessed, and heard his words of kindness, the robber hesitated. His arm, which had been uplifted to kill, fell helpless by his side. His wrath cooled, and he knelt down before the Buddha. He confessed all his sins and declared his faith in the Buddha. When the people saw the new disciple following his Master, they were amazed and could not believe that this was the ferocious man who had been a terror for so long. Angulimala became a monk. His past was forgotten, and he was widely respected for his holiness.

Question 1.
Why did the people of Kosala warn the Buddha hot to go into the jungle?
Answer:
As it was the den of a famous robber chief, Angulimala.

Question 2.
Why was Angulimala considered to be a terror?
Answer:
Because he plundered travellers, feared no one, committed many murders and he could not have been captured. ,

Question 3.
What enraged Angulimala when he saw the Buddha?
Answer:
Angulimala got enraged at the boldness of the Buddha.

Question 4.
Why did the robber hesitate to kill the Buddha?
Answer:
Buddha’s calm, self possessed personality and his words of kindness made the robber hesitant to kill him.

Question 5.
What kind of transformation took place in Angulimala?
Answer:
He confessed his sins, declared his faith in Buddha and became a monk.

Question 6.
Why did people start respecting Angulimala?
Answer:
Because of his holiness.

Speaking:

A debate competition is being organised in your school. Take a stand for or against this statement: “Our happiness in life depends entirely on our mental attitude.” Prepare an outline of the main points in the order in which you wish to present them (in about 100 words), giving reasons for your point of view.

• Debate is a contest between two speakers or two groups of speakers to show skill and ability in arguing.
• A proposition, a question or a problem is required for this purpose, which can be spoken for or against.
• To participate in a debate, one must prepare for it. So, one must prepare an outline of the main points in the order in which one is going to argue.
• There are the limitations of time (only 5 to 6 minutes are allowed).
• The speaker addresses the audience.
• Every topic/subject has its own vocabulary. These must be learnt.
• The speaker addresses’the Chair (Mr President/ Madam), ‘submits’ an argument, ‘appeals’ for sympathetic understanding and support, ‘questions’ the opponent’s views and ‘concludes’ an argument.

(i) Write the outline of the main points, then make a presentation in the class.
Topic
Answer:
Happiness : a state of mind.

(i) Introduce the topic with a quotation.
Answer:
“For every minute you are angry, you lose 60 seconds of happiness.”

(iii) Highlight the main points.
Answer:

• Positive attitude leads to a happy life.
• Lamenting is useless once the time has passed.
• We need to focus on our present rather than on our past or future.
• We should know how to take advantage of our present situation effectively.
• Success lies in the right and focussed attitude.
• God created a peace loving and happy man, we ourselves, have caused all the pain that we suffer now.
• Though, our mind evolves to be the most advanced. Yet, we are the most unsatisfied race.
• This process of evolution and race to acquire all material things have made us forget the main and essential aim i.e. to spread love, humanity and peace.
• Instead, we face threat of world wars, etc.
• The question arises ‘What went wrong in the process of evolution ?’

(iv) Elaborate the points by arguing logically and convincingly.
Answer:

• We need to understand the problem of why we despite being the most advanced race, face the threat of extinction from our own kind. Why is there so much of dissatisfaction, hatred, anger, hunger for power, money etc., why are we unhappy ?
• It is all because our state of mind is continuously degrading from being unhappy to angry and dissatisfied.
• The answer lies in the understanding of our attitude and how to change it. We can achieve whatever we wish to if we have a positive state of mind.
• We can achieve the impossible just like many renowned personalities who have surprised the world with their works.
• All it took was a positive attitude.

(v) Give your opinion in the concluding paragraph.
Answer:
I wholeheartedly support the statement that ‘our happiness in life depends entirely on our mental attitude’. I can therefore, conclude that happiness can * be attained without any effort. We simply need to compose our mind and redirect our attitude.

Writing:

→ In groups of four, discuss in favour of or against the topic:
“New technology is common, New thinking is rare.”

→ Each group presents their points and the whole class brainstorms on the topic.

→ Jot down all the points discussed.

→ Write an argumentative article giving logical and relevant reasons along with your points of view.
Answer:
Argumentative article on – ‘New technology is common; New thinking is rare’.
From the time immemorial, the man has gradually progressed to the present day culture and civilization. ‘Necessity’ compelled him to think of new ways to work faster and comparatively more easily. As a result, human history is replete with discoveries and inventions which enhanced the knowledge of mankind and brought comforts and ease in every sphere of life. But it is heart rending to know that new thinking has not been promoted during the passage of evolution.

Still being on the verge of new technology explosion, the man shudders to promote new thinking. Not only in schools and colleges but also at home with their parents and grandparents, children are taught to obey blindly and surprisingly enough, children who do so are appreciated. Children ane not given free hand to think on their own something new, novel or original. This mindset of the general people has led to a disasterous pass. Cramming and vomiting have become the order of the day. My contention is simple and direct – let the new wings spread in freedom and allow them to conjecture the world of their own. This will automatically grant liberty to one and all; and will make the world a better place to live in.

Project:

You have read about Stephen Hawking in Class VIII. Go through the text once again and gather information about his genius. You can also search web resources. Follow the steps given below and then write what made Hawking a genius.
(i) Who is “a genius?
Answer:
A genius is a person who displays exceptional intellectual ability, creative productivity, universality in genres or originality typically to a degree that is associated with the achievement of new advances in a domain of knowledge.

(ii) What are the attributes that make a person a genius?
Answer:
As per Jim Westergren, following 24 qualities are the characteristics of all the geniues of the world; they are:

• drive
• courage
• devotion
• knowledge
• honesty
• optimism
• ability to judge
• enthusiasm
• willingness to take chances
• dynamic energy
• enterprise
• persuasion
• out-goingness
• ability to communicate
• patience
• perception
• perfectionism
• sense of humour
• versatality
• adaptability
• curiosity
• individualism
• idealism; and
• imagination.

Westergren believes that geniuses can be made; they are not bom.

(iii) How is Stephen Hawking a genius?
Answer:
Some incidents and Hawking’s own statements are hereby quoted to prove that he was genius.

• Hawking eventually put Newton’s gravitational theories to the test in 2007.
• He wanted to show that disability is no bar to achievement.
• He believed that the life on the earth is at an ever- increasing risk of being wiped out by a disaster.
• He said that artificial intelligence could contribute to the eradication of disease and poverty.
• He also said artificial intelligence could be the biggest event in the history of civilization.
• He further opined that artificial intelligence will also bring dangers.

(iv) What is he famous for?
Answer:
The legendary physicist, Stephen Hawking’ helped explain the behaviour of black holes and even examined the origin of the universe. He brought together several different but equally fundamental fields of physical theory : gravitation, cosmology, quantum theory, thermodynamics and information theory. He discovered that the sun causes space to curve which holds the earth in orbit. He discovered that the total entropy of the universe can only increase; never can decrease. According to quantum theory, allegedly empty space is in fact far from being a void.
These are some of things he is famous for.

(v) What books has he written?
Answer:
Most popular books written by Hawking are:

• A Brief History of Time
• The Grand Design
• The Theory of Everything
• A Briefer History of Time
• George’s Secret Key to the Universe
• My Brief History
• George and the Big Bang
• The Nature of Space and Time
• God Created the Integers
• The Future of Space Time etc.

(vi) Refer to the obituaries written by people on him and find out his inspiring qualities.
Answer:
Inspiring things that Hawking taught mankind.

• Intelligence is not your IQ.
• Know how little you know.
• There is a way out of a Black Hole.
• Mistakes are important.
• Intellectual show boating is stupid.
• Be curious.
• Never believe the course of your me is pre-destined.
• Be persistent.
• Never underestimate yourself.
• Be grateful.

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 3

Let’s Begin:

The story of ‘The Little Girl’, in Beehive, is about the changing attitude of a girl child towards her father.

• As you are grown up now, you may want to interact with your parents on many issues. How will you go about it?
• Do you feel a communication gap between you and your parents which leads to unpleasantness?
• What are your feelings at that time?
• How do you cope with that situation?

Answer:
→ Whenever I am facing any issue related to my marriage, I always go to my parents for sound advice. It feels quite at ease discussing anything with them as I share a very friendly relation with them.

→ No, I don’t feel a communication gap between my parents and me. They understand me and give due consideration to my views and feelings. I feel quite natural around my parents. They are quite receptive to my suggestions and ideas.

→ I feel very positive and relieved as I fully trust them and their decisions.

→ No matter how the intense and grave situation is, I find it quite convenient to cope with it effectively as long as I have my parents by my side. I always follow their advice and try to keep myself calm and composed.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the following text and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

This is an extract from Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mocking Bird. After supper, Atticus sat down with the paper and called, “Scout, ready to read?” I ran crying, went to the front porch. Atticus followed me. “Something wrong, Scout?” I told Atticus I didn’t feel very well and didn’t think I’d go to school any more if it was alright with him. Atticus sat down in the swing and crossed his legs. His fingers wandered to his watch pocket; he said that was the only way he could think. He waited in amiable silence, and I sought to reinforce my position: “You never went to school and you do alright, so I’ll just stay home too. You can teach me like Granddaddy taught you ‘n’ Uncle Jack.” “No I can’t”, said Atticus. “I have to make a living. Besides, they’d put me in jail if I kept you at home.

Now what’s the matter? Bit by bit, I told him the day’s misfortunes. “And the teacher said you taught me all wrong, so we can’t ever read any more, ever. Please don’t send me back, please Sir.” Atticus stood up and walked to the end of the porch. When he completed his examination of the wisteria vine he strolled back to me. “First of all”, he said, “if you can learn a simple trick, Scout, you’ll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view-” “Sir?” “-until you climb into his skin and walk around in it”. “But in I keep on goin’ to school, we can’t ever read any more..’.’ “That’s really bothering you, isn’t it?” “Yes sir.

When Atticus looked down at me I saw the expression on his face that always made me expect something. “Do you know what a compromise is?”, he asked. “Bending the law?” “No, an agreement reached by mutual concessions. It works this way”, he said. “If you’ll concede the necessity of going to school, we’ll-’go on reading every night just as we always have. Is it a bargain?”
“Yes sir!”
“We’ll consider it sealed without the usual formality”, Atticus said, when he saw me preparing to spit.
As I opened the front screen door Atticus said, “By the way, Scout, you’d better not say anything at school about our agreement”. “Why not?” “I’m afraid our activities would be received with considerable disapprobation by the more learned authorities.”
My brother and I were accustomed to our father’s diction, and we were at all times free to interrupt Atticus for a translation when it was beyond our understanding. “Huh, Sir?”
“I never went to school”, he said, “but I have a feeling that if you tell Miss Caroline we read every night she’ll get after me, and I wouldn’t want her after me”.

Question 1.
Why was Scout, the little girl upset?
(a) She didn’t like being told what to do.
(b) She didn’t want to read with her father.
(c) She didn’t want to stop reading with her father.
(d) She didn’t want to read with her teacher.
Answer:
(c) She didn’t want to stop reading with her father.

Question 2.
How did Atticus, her father, react to her outburst?
(a) He was angry.
(b) He was patient.
(c) He was annoyed.
(d) He was sad.
Answer:
(b) He was patient.

Question 3.
What little advice did Atticus give to his little girl to cope up with situations that might upset her?
(а) to know and understand that life isn’t fair.
(b) to stay calm and then run away from the problem.
(c) to try and see from the other person’s point of view.
(d) to face her fears by expressing how she felt.
Answer:
(c) to try and see from the other person’s point of view.

Question 4.
How was the matter eventually resolved?
(a) Atticus agreed to allow her to learn from home.
(b) Atticus agreed to continue reading as before.
(c) Atticus agreed to speak to her teacher.
(d) Atticus agreed to allow only the teacher to teach her.
Answer:
(b) Atticus agreed to continue reading as before.

Question 5.
“I’m afraid our activities would be received with considerable disapprobation by the more learned authorities.” In this context, the word ‘disapprobation’ might mean ________.
(a) disapproval
(b) disturbance
(c) disgrace
(d) disorientation
Answer:
(a) disapproval

Question 6.
Atticus decided to come to a compromise and to read to Scout but asked her not to mention it to her teacher because ________.
(a) he respected the wishes of the teacher yet didn’t want to disappoint his daughter.
(b) he might get into trouble with the teacher who might come after him.
(c) he only cared for his daughter and thought the teacher was incorrect.
(d) he was afraid that the teacher may not like it and Scout might get into trouble.
Answer:
(d) he was afraid that the teacher may not like it and Scout might get into trouble.

Question 7.
The word ‘reinforce’ means the following – fortify, brace, stiffen, strengthen, underpin.
Find the contextual meaning of ‘reinforce’ in the passage.
Answer:
Strengthen

Text – II

Read the poem and answer the questions given below. You can recite too to appreciate the idea in the poem.
Poem at Thirty-Nine:
How I miss my father.
I wish he had not been
so tired
when I was born.
Writing deposit slips and cheques
I think of him.
He taught me how.
This is the form,
he must have said:
the way it is done.
I learned to see
bits of paper
as a way
to escape
the life he knew
and even in high school
had a savings
account.
He taught me
that telling the truth
did not always mean
a beating;
though many of my truths
must have grieved him
before the end.
How I miss my father!
He cooked like a person
dancing
in a yoga meditation
and craved the voluptuous
sharing
of good food.
Now I look and cook just like him:
my brain light;
tossing this and that
into the pot;
seasoning none of my life
the same way twice; happy to feed
whoever strays my way.
He would have grown
to admire
the woman I’ve become:
cooking, writing, chopping wood,
staring into the fire.
– Alice Walker

Question 1.
What made Alice Walker open a savings account in High School?
Answer:
Alice Walker had a savings account in high school unlike other young people, because she had seen her father always saving money for future use. So she also saved money and had a saving account.

Question 2.
What lesson did her father give her on telling the truth?
Answer:
Her father told her if a truth was hard to tell or hard for someone to hear, didn’t mean that it should not bp told.

Question 3.
Tick (/) the correct answer.
What does ‘dancing in yoga meditation’ mean in the poem?
(a) To cook relaxedly and with full concentration.
(b) To cook while doing yoga exercises.
(c) To cook food after doing yoga meditation.
(d) Take lessons in cooking by joining class on yoga meditation.
Answer:
(a) To cook relaxedly and with full concentration.

Question 4.
Fill in the blank to complete the following statement.
Alice Walker becomes nostalgic for her father and wishes, had he been alive he would have admired her for ________.
Answer:
cooking by using his methods, writing like him and chopping wood like him. In all he would have admired her for the woman she has become.

Question 5.
Why do you think the title of the poem is ‘Poem at Thirty-Nine’?
Answer:
The title of this poem refers to Walker’s age when she wrote it. This age is significant to her because she has realized something about her father and the poem is an expression of this realization.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Look at the words – see, watch, look at, view, observe, catch, glimpse. These are all synonyms. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. You can change the tense where it is required.
(а) We a television programme on tourism in India. It was very informative.
(b) Somebody is keeping a over the tower.
(c) The from the cliff is panoramic.
(d) You can’t afford to fall sick again, your diet.
(e) She the amazing view and drew a picture.
(f) If you are able to a of dancing dolphins, you are lucky.
Answer:
(a) saw
(b) watch
(c) view
(d) look at
(e) observed
(f) catch, glimpse.

Question 2.
Look at the following sentence:
By that time he had his spectacles on and looked at her over them…
Here, look means lay one’s eye on or to direct one’s gaze in a specified direction.
Use appropriate words from the synonyms given below in the following sentences.
glance, gaze, stare, peep, watch, see, observe
(a) Ginny ________ at her watch.
(take a brief or hurried look)

(b) The door was ajar and she couldn’t resist ________ in.
(look quickly and furtively at something)

(c) Lucy ________ him playing.
(look at or observe attentively over a period of time)

(d) He could only ________ her in astonishment.
(look steadily and intently, especially in admiration, surprise or thought)

(e) She ________ that all the seats were already occupied. (notice or perceive something)

(f) In the distance, she could ________ the blue horizon. (perceive with the eyes)

(g) He ________ at her in amazement.
(look fixedly or vacantly at someone or something with one’s eyes wide open)
Answer:
(a) glanced
(b) peeping
(c) watched
(d) gaze
(e) observed
(f) see
(g) stared.

Question 3.
Study the use of the word ‘little’ in the following sentence:
To the little girl he was a figure to be feared. Here, little means small in size.
Now, consult a dictionary and find out the meaning of little in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you.
My little sister – young or younger sister
(a) I was a bodyguard for a little while : ________.
(b) This little car does have a few problems : ________.
(c) We got a little help from a training scheme : ________.
(d) I have little doubt of their identity : ________.
Answer:
(a) Short period of time
(b) Size is snjall
(c) Some, Meagre
(d) Partial

Grammar:

Question 1.
Read the following passage and underline the reporting verbs.
(i) Anu’s mother agreed that Anu could go to the party but cautioned her not to have too many sweets. The dentist has advised her not to eat too many sweets.

(ii) Anita reminded Leena to buy milk and keep it in the fridge because Vrinda wanted to have coffee in the evening. Leena insisted that she would only make coffee. Anita agreed to her request.

(iii) We decided to go to our village near Goa on holiday. Mona recommended going to the beach. The coast guard advised us against going into the water. He also warned us about the weak bridge. He warned the children not to cross the bridge there. We thanked him and went back.

(iv) The teacher explained the functioning of the heart with the help of a model. He wished us good luck for our practical exam. He also reminded us that’ the classes would resume from Tuesday.
Answer:
(i) Agreed, cautioned, has advised
(ii) Reminded, insisted, agreed
(iii) Decided, recommended, advised, warned, thanked.
(iv) Explained, wished, reminded.

Question 2.
Read the following sentences and choose the correct reporting verb from the options given against each sentence.
(i) He ________ me against eating junk food.
(A) advised
(B) told
(C) suggested
Answer:
(A) advised

(ii) The teacher me to telephone my mother.
(A) informed
(B) advised
(C) reminded
Answer:
(A) informed

(iii) He to get me a cup of tea.
(A) offered
(B) said
(C) invited
Answer:
(A) offered

(iv) She Ruchi of stealing her book.
(A) told
(B) accused
(C) admitted
Answer:
(B) accused

(v) The host ________ for the delay.
(A) said
(B) apologised
(C) regretted
Answer:
(B) apologised

(vi) The Police later ________ that one of the convicts had beep arrested.
(A) convinced
(B) declared
(C) confirmed
Answer:
(C) confirmed

(vii) The little girl to wear the sweater.
(A) refused
(B) denied
(C) said no
Answer:
(A) refused

(viii) He ________ taking the train as the road was terrible.
(A) invited
(B) claimed
(C) suggested
Answer:
(C) suggested

Editing:

Question 1.
Use capital letters, full-stops, commas and inverted commas wherever necessary in the following paragraph. Rewrite the paragraph in the space given below.
My little 10 years daughter Sarah was born with a muscle missing in her foot and wears a brace all the time, she came home jumping up and down one beautiful spring day to tell me that she had competed in “field day”- that’s where they have lots of races and other competitive events.

because of her leg support my mind raced as I tried to think of encouragement for my sarah i wanted to tell some hard facts of life not letting this to get her down But, before I could get my word out, she said, Daddy, I won two of the races! I couldn’t believe that! and then Sarah came out with a declaration, I had an advantage.

Ah, i knew it. i thought she must have been given a head start, some kind of physical advantage, but again, before I could say anything, she said, Daddy, i didn’t get a head start… my advantage was that i didn’t give in i had to try harder!
That’s my Sarah.
(Steps to English, Workbook for Class X, NCERT, 2003, PP. 39-40
[An extract from Chicken Soup for the Soul, by Stan Frager])
Answer:
My little 10-year old daughter, Sarah, was born with a muscle missing in her foot and wears a brace all the time. She came home jumping up and down one beautiful spring day to tell me she had competed in “field day” – that’s where they have lots of races and other competitive events.

Because of her leg support, my mind raced as I tried to think of words of encouragement for my Sarah, I wanted to tell some hard facts of life, not letting this to get her down. But, before I could get my word out, she said, “Daddy, I won two of the races!” I couldn’t believe that! And then Sarah came out with a declaration, “I had an advantage.”

Ah, I knew it. I thought she must have been given a head start, some kind of physical advantage. But again, before I could say anything, she said, “Daddy, I didn’t get a head start… my advantage was that I had to try harder!”
That’s my Sarah.

Question 2.
Rearrange each set of words to make sentences. Use appropriate punctuation marks.
(a) a resident of Noida near Delhi/is visually impaired/ George Abraham.
(b) confidence and competitive spirit/and infuses discipline among the participants/ it provides
(c) he has helped/the brain behind the World Cup Cricket/the disable to dream
(d) to the blind school in Delhi/it was a chance visit/ that changed his life
Answer:
(a) George Abraham, a resident of Noida, near Delhi, is visually impaired.
(b) It provides confidence and competitive spirit and infuses discipline among the participants.
(c) He has helped the disable to dream, the brain behind the World Cup Cricket.
(d) It was a chance visit to the blind shcool in Delhi, that changed his life.

Listening:

Listen to the song twice. Answer the questions that follow. Then sing the song together.
Que Sera, Sera
When I was just a little girl
I asked my mother
What will I be
Will I be pretty?
Will I be rich?
Here’s what she said to me
Que sera, sera
Whatever will be, will be
The future’s not ours to see
Que sera, sera

What will be, will be
When I grew up and fell in love
I asked my sweetheart
What lies ahead
Will we have rainbows?
Day after day
Here’s what my sweetheart said
Que sera, sera
Whatever will be, will be
The future’s not ours to see
Que sera, sera
What will be, will be
Now I have Children of my own
They ask their mother
What will I be?
Will I be handsome?
Will I be rich?
I tell them tenderly
Que sera, sera
Whatever will be, will be
The future’s not ours to see
Que sera, sera
What will be, will be
Que Sera, Sera
(It is a popular song written by the song writing team of Jay Livingston and Ray Evans in 1956.)

Question 1.
What are the questions the poet asked her mother when she was a little girl?
Answer:
Questions are : What will I be.
Will I be pretty ?
Will I be rich ?

Question 2.
What was her mother’s reply?
Answer:
Her mother’s reply was that whatever was destined for them will happen and nobody was in a position to see his/her future.

Question 3.
She asked a question to her sweetheart. What was it?
Answer:
She asked her sweetheart what kind of future they would have. Will there be happiness and festivities day after day ?

Question 4.
What was his answer ? Was it simillar to that of her mother’s?
Answer:
His answer was the same as her mother’s. He also said that no body could predict or see future.

Question 5.
Now the poet has become a mother. What questions do her children ask her?
Answer:
The poet’s children asked her the same questions that she used to ask her mother: what they would be, if they would be handsome ? They would be rich.

Question 6.
What is her answer to her children?
Answer:
Her answer was that no body could predict future.

Speaking:

Look at the questions given below. Discuss with your partner. Jot down the points and make an oral presentation in the class.
1. Do you have questions about your future?
2. Whom do you discuss them with?
3. How often do you discuss your worries or queries with your parents?
4. Whom do you feel most comfortable sharing them with?
Your points.
Hint. The word “future” is somewhere so much deep embedded in our sub-conscious mind that all our actions are rather based on the fact – what our future will be.

During teenage we are so much in our friends’ influence that they are the first one to discuss our futuristic goals. This is a kind of good practice because our friends are the ones who know our strengths and weaknesses. After friends we discuss things with our elder siblings who are much experienced and more often they are pursuing the same career that we will like to pursue.

Sometimes it just not about our dreams, it is about correct choice, our financial condition and our aptitude. I feel we need to talk to our parents regarding financial aspect because ultimately they are the ones who have to look into all the financial matters. Moreover, they have seen so many ups and downs in their life, so they have much more experience. And parents are the ones who can guide us and lead us to our goals.

Writing:

Write a letter to your parents appreciating them for all the little things they do. You appreciate them, but have never had or taken the time to express it to them.
Your address _______________
___________________
Date: ________
My Dear _______________ (Salutation)
(Introduction)
___________________
(Body of the letter)
___________________
(Closing statement)
___________________
Yours affectionately,
___________________
Answer:
A-12,
Gulmohar Greens,
Delhi-110036
11-07-20
My Dear Mom and Dad,
Thank you for everything you have done for me the entire life.
You have given me so much and I, in return, have done nothing. Life, food, shelter, clothes, toys, education; I could literally go on forever.
There is no way for me to express my utmost gratitude and thanks to both of you. Through the good times and the bad, you have always been there for me guiding me on the right path.
The thing, that I am most grateful for, is your love. Without your love, my life would be meaningless. Sometimes, when I’m feeling down, the only thing that is able to put a smile on my face is the knowledge that I have wonderful parents who love and care about me. You are the best role-models and parents I could have ever asked for.
Thank you for giving me this life. Thank you for giving me your love. Thank you for everything.
Yours affectionately,
XYZ.

Project:

Question 1.
Conduct an interview with your parents and find out how things have changed over time. Your project must contain a minimum of 10 questions.
Sortie ideas/topics you could include in the questionnaire are:
(i) What they thought was a really fun thing to do.
(ii) The music they listened to.
(iii) The movies they liked.
(iv) And the television shows they enjoyed.
(v) Why they liked these things back then?
(vi) When my parents were my age, what were they not allowed to do?
(vii) Why were they not allowed to do those things?
(viii) What did their parents believe in?
(ix) What did they disagree with their parents about?
(x) How much money did they have for themselves as pocket money?
(xi) What was the maximum amount they were allowed to spend on ?
(xii) In what ways are your parents like their parents? In what ways are they different?
(xiii) Who were the people your parents admired when they were teenagers?
(xiv) What were some things they worried about?
Answer:
Introduction
It is true that with the change of time, thinking and attitude of people change. One day when I was sitting on the veranda, one idea flashed over my mind : how my parents’ childhood was! So, I came up with an idea that I should prepare a questionnaire and ask them about their childhood. And when I got to know about their childhood, I could relate how things and circumstances were at that time. Let me share my questions and their answers with you.

Interview with My Parents:

• Myself : Good morning, Mother and Father!
• Father : Very good morning, my son/daughter.
• Myself : What did you think about the fun to do in your childhood?
• Father : We used to play outdoor games and that was the only fun we used to have.
• Myself : What type of music did you listen to?
• Mother: We used to listen old songs of Lata Mangeskar, Kishore Kumar and Muhammad Rafi.
• Myself : What type of movie did you like?
• Father : We liked religious and comedy movies.
• Myself : What television shows did you enjoy?
• Mother: We used to enjoy all shows available on channels like DD-1 and DD-2 e.g. serials like Chitrahar, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, etc.
• Myself : Why did you like these things back then?
• Father : We liked those things as they were attached to our sentiments, ethics and entertainments.
• Myself : When you were of my age, what were you not allowed to do ?
• Father : We were not allowed to stay away without our parents consent, eat outside food, ask for costly toys as frequently as the children of these days ask for them.
• Myself : Why were you not allowed to do those things ?
• Father : My parents were strict disciplinarians and ethical people. They had low income and lots of familial and social responsibilities.
• Myself : What did your parents believe in ?
• Mother : My parents believed in hard work with moral values. They used to believe in curricular activities. They did not like to be devoted much time to extra¬curricular activities.
• Myself : What did you disagree with your parents about ?
• Father : We used to disagree with our parents on the issue of involving all the time in studies. They wished to involve us in household works in place of devoting much time to extra-curricular activities.
• Myself : How much money did you have for yourselves as pocket money ?
• Father : We did not have pocket money. We were supposed to ask everything from them.
• Myself : In what ways did you like your parents? In what ways were they different ?
• Father : Our parents devoted much time in the family and society. They fulfilled all their responsibilities in their little income. We loved and admired our parents. But we are very different from our parents as we are more open- minded.

In this way, we find that there is a difference of opinion between one generation and another regarding beliefs, attitudes and values.

Question 2.
Write the interview in the form of a newspaper article. You could submit it to your school’s newspaper or website, or in audio or video form which can be posted on your school’s website.
Answer:
Generation Gap
by Raman, Class-IX-A
The generation gap refers to a gap or difference of opinions between one generation and another regarding beliefs, attitudes, politics and values. In simple terms, it is a percieved gap between younger people and their parents or grandparents.

This is absolutely true that with the change of time, thinking and attitude of people change. What our parents used to do, eat and live, we are different from them. Even our thoughts do not match with them.

In their days, they led a difficult life, with low income and lots of responsibilities and limitations. But in the modern age, education, science and technology have changed our lifestyles. Today, we like watching movies, wearing modern outfits, eating fast food but, our parents do not like all these things.

They feel these things are a wastage of time, money and above all, a severe blow to our culture and tradition. Today, people have modern thoughts, influenced by the western culture. Generally they do not believe in joint family system, instead they believe in nuclear independent family. Men and women have equal way of living style. Our parents or grandparents are bound in their old customs and cultures which are not obeyed by the modern generation. Hence, this leads to the ‘Generation Gap’.

Question 3.
Share key moments and insights from the interview, and then discuss ways to bridge the generation gap and find common ground.
Answer:
Unlike the present generation, life for previous generation was hard but simple with hardly any high ambition for material wealth. With the passage of time, the religiosity of the common people has changed into economic craving; becoming rich overnight laced with unchallenged power has replaced the contentment that people in previous generation enjoyed. The man today dedicates all his time, money and energy for financial gain ignoring religious and ethical sentiments. Dressing sense too has’changed drastically over the period of time. People enjoyed wearing new dresses covering almost every part of the body; concealment was the order of the day.

In present generation, on the contrary, revealing is in fashion. Cases with music and dance too has reached a place where previous generation finds itself helpless. Ipod, Iphones, mobile phones etc. play a pivotal role in promoting this trend. Ethics has completely been erased in this era. No one seems to be mindful of it. Machiavellis statement – ‘Mind your ends; not your means seems to be taking shape. Instead of doing hard work, people believe in doing smart work filling their own pocket unmindful of the damage they cause to ecology, nature and environment.

This generational gap needs to be bridged. Yelling and honking by the elderly is not going to serve the purpose. It is rightly said that ‘it takes two palms to create a clap’. The elderly people and the youths need to come on a compromising table to sort out the problem. The elderly people should understand that the youths of today have longer hours of duty; they have to wake up sometimes whole through the night to complete their assignments. They can hardly devote time to petty things like religious rituals or unnecessary sentiments of others.

On the other hand, youths should bow down to the level of their parents. They should consider the situations they were brought up in. Respecting each other’s sentiments can easily patch up the differences. The youths can listen to music through headphones, they can dance in a club, they can wear clothes of their choice in office. These steps, I am sure, will remove differences. Youths should find time to attend to social and moral duties, religious rituals. Such steps will go a long way to pave the way for harmony between the two generations.

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 2

Let’s Begin:

Take this quiz to check your knowledge of music and musicians.

Question 1.
What kind of music is Ravi Shankar famous for?
(a) Jazz
(b) Classical
(c) Pop
Answer:
(b) Classical

Question 2.
Which country was Justin Beiber born in?
(a) USA
(b) India
(c) Canada
Answer:
(c) Canada

Question 3.
How many strings does a guitar have?
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 8
Answer:
(a) 6

Question 4.
What is a group of three musicians called?
(a) a trio
(b) a duet
(c) a quartet
Answer:
(a) a trio

Question 5.
What is the next note after sa-re-ga-ma?
(a) dha
(b) ni
(c) pa
Answer:
(c) pa

Question 6.
What is the next note after do-re-mi?
(a) ti
(b) fa
(c) so
Answer:
(b) fa

Reading Comprehension:

In this section, you will read three texts on music in different perspectives. The first one will enlighten you about the effective role of music in our lives, the second reflects on the life of the famous music composer, Ludwig van Beethoven, and the third is a poem by William Wordsworth where he appreciates the melody of a song.

Read the texts carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

Role of Music in Life:
Today, we are rushing through life and everyone seems to be pressurised and stressed about one or the other thing. Stress has become an inescapable part of our lives. Many of our illnesses are a result of stress, and to deal with it, we need certain ways to relax our body and mind. Listening to music, particularly gentle, calming and melodious music, relaxes people both physically and mentally. Music releases endorphins, the natural painkillers in our brain, which relieve us from the sense of pain. Music can normalise heart rate and blood pressure. The common occurrences of fatigue and boredom decrease when we listen to music.

It diverts our attention from everyday anxieties, thereby reducing the stress caused by such concerns. While meditating, listening to music helps us to connect with our soul. Students can improve their concentration and boost their memory by listening to soft music. Soothing music, when played at night, helps us to rest and relax for a good night’s sleep. Listening to good music helps in overcoming negative/traits such as anger or worry, thereby improving our personality. It creates positive energy and happiness. Every cell in the body becomes energetic with increased peace of mind.

Music is a therapy for everyone – plants, birds, animals and human beings – to flourish and rejuvenate. It certainly plays an important part in making the world better for all living beings.
Complete the following statements by selecting the most appropriate options given below.

Question 1.
_________ helps in relaxation of our body and mind.
(a) Pop music
(b) Soothing music
(c) Jazz music
(d) Rock music
Answer:
(b) Soothing music

Question 2.
The natural painkillers released in our brain are _________.
(a) Insulin
(b) Endorphins
(c) Endocrine
(d) Glycerin
Answer:
(b) Endorphins

Question 3.
Music is helpful in improving the _________ of students.
(a) concentration
(b) emotion
(c) relaxation
(d) anxiety
Answer:
(a) concentration

Question 4.
Which word from the passage means the same as ‘to renew’ _________?
(a) rejuvenate
(b) enhance
(c) release
(d) relieve
Answer:
(a) rejuvenate

Question 5.
List the benefits of music mentioned in the passage.
Answer:

• It relaxes people both physically and mentally.
• It releases endorphins, the natural painkillers in our brain, which relieve us from the sense of pain.
• It thus normalises our heart rate and blood pressure, reduces anxiety and stress.
• It helps in enhancement of concentration and memory of students.
• It helps in overcoming fatigue, boredom and negative traits of our personality such as anger.
• It is a therapy which soothes, relaxes and rejuvenates one’s mind, body and soul.

Text – II

Beating the Odds:
The musical accomplishments of composer Ludwig van Beethoven have been all the more remarkable for the fact that he lost his hearing ability from an early age. He developed the symptoms of tinnitus, a constant sound of ringing in his ears that made it difficult for him to hear. He is compared to Mozart for his genius, and is considered the most eminent musician after Mozart.

Although hip formal education never went beyond the elementary level, he trained in music under Joseph Haydn. He has always been acclaimed as a brilliant piano maestro. His father and grandfather were the court musicians of a German prince. Young Ludwig was often made to perform for his father’s drinking companions in the middle of the night, and was even beaten if he protested.

For the first thirty years of his life, Beethoven could listen to and play music effortlessly. As a result, he understood sounds of musical instruments and the pitch of the singing voices. He knew the harmony between music and singing before he became completely deaf. His deafness was not sudden, but a gradual decline. This slow process of losing his hearing activated his mind to imagine how his compositions would sound like. When he became completely deaf, he started to observe the vibrations of the piano. The observations helped him realise that he could not hear the high notes of the piano. To be able to hear his own compositions, he sawed off the legs of his piano. The piano touched the floor, and Beethoven would press his ear to the floor, banging the piano keys to listen to the high notes in his compositions.

The most significant aspect of Beethoven’s character was that he did not give up. With a brave heart, he confronted the greatest challenge a musician can face, and continued living his dream of composing music. Deafness could not deter him from achieving the pinnacle of musical success. He fought against the greatest obstacle and won.

His quality of‘never giving up’ strengthened him. It made him come to terms with his deafness in a dynamic and constructive way. These qualities led him to become a famous composer.

Question 1.
Read the following statements and write true (T) or false (F).
(а) Although he composed a lot of music, Beethoven never learned to play music himself. (T/F)
(b) His deafness was not a sudden loss of hearing. (T/F)
(c) He composed most of his music early in his. life, before he became deaf. (T/F)
(d) His musical skills were compared to Haydn. (T/F)
(e) Beethoven cut down the legs of his piano to hear the notes of the keys from the floor. (T/F)
Answer:
(a) False (F)
(b) True (T)
(c) False (F)
(d) False (F)
(e) True (T)

Question 2.
How could Beethoven compose music despite his loss of hearing?
Answer:
Beethoven, a strong willed person, lost his hearihg ability over a period of time. So for the first thirty years of his life he could listen to and play music effortlessly as a result of which he became adept at the nuances of music. During his process of loss of hearing too, he honed his skill of hearing to his compositions by sawing off the legs of his piano and listening to the high notes of his compositions with the help of vibrations on the floor. This, along with his determination and ‘never give up’ attitude enabled him to become a famous composer.

Question 3.
What realisation made Beethoven continue his passion for music with more determination?
Answer:
The realisation of‘never giving up’ attitude of his character strengthened him. It made him come to terms with his deafness in a dynamic and constructive way and he continued his passion for music with more determination and became a famous composer.

Question 4.
Which word in the following is similar in meaning to ‘skillful’ (para 1)?
(a) brilliant
(b) masterly
(c) talented
(d) genius
Answer:
(d) genius

Text – III

Read the poem carefully and answer the question that follows.
The Solitary Reaper
Behold her, single in the field,
Yon solitary Highland lass!
Reaping and singing by herself;
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the Vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.

No Nightingale did ever chaunt
More welcome notes to weary bands
Of travellers in some shady haunt,
Among Arabian sands:
A voice so thrilling ne’er was heard
In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,
Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides.

Will no one tell-me What she sings?
Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow
For old, unhappy, far-off things,
And battles long ago:
Or is it some more humble lay,
Familiar matter of to-day?
Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,
That has been, and may be again?

Whate’er the theme, the Maiden sang
As if her song could have no ending;
I saw her singing at her work,
And o’er the sickle bending;
I listened, motionless and still;
And, as I mounted up the hill,
The music in my heart I bore,
Long after it was heard no more.
William Wordsworth

Question 1.
Complete the summary of the poem given below with a suitable word/phrase in each blank.
The poet finds a young Highland girl who
(a) _________ alone and”sings to herself. The poet asks us to listen carefully, because the whole (b) _________ is filled with the overflowing sound of her singing. He asks us to either (c) _________ and listen to her sad song, or gently pass by so as not to disturb her. He goes on to say that no nightingale ever sang a more (d) _________ song to bands of tired (e) _________ in the Arabian Desert. The poet asserts that the beauty of the girl’s singing exceeds that of the cuckoo’s in the (f) _________. Her singing is also the only thing which (g) _________ the silence of the valley. The poet tries to (h) _________ what the girl is singing about. He is unable to get the words of the song clearly. He .thinks that perhaps she is singing about old sorrows or (i) _________ fought long ago, or more routine concerns of life or even some (j) _________ which she has endured and may endure again. At the end, he quietly walks away with a feeling that he may never be able to find out the (k) _________ of her never-ending song. Nevertheless, he asserts that her singing has captured his imagination so much that he will (l) _________ the music in his heart long after it is heard no more.
Answer:
(a) reaps
(b) valley
(c) stop
(d) welcoming
(e) wanderers
(f) spring-time
(g) breaks
(h) ask someone
(i) battles
(j) suffering
(k) theme
(l) bear

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
The following words and phrases occur in the given passages and poem. Given below are the words and their meanings. Match each meaning with the word.

Text 1
1. relieves	(a) substances produced by the brain that have pain-killing and tranquillising effects on the body
2. endorphins	(b) power to live or grow
3. exhaustion	(c) to free from anxiety, fear, pain, etc.
4. rejuvenate	(d) tiredness
5. vitality	(e) to restore to a former state; make fresh or new again
Text 2
6. prodigy	(f) constantly repeated
7. persistent	(g) to cut or divide
8. virtuoso	(h) to make or become worse or inferior in character, quality, value, etc.
9. deterioration	(i) something that obstructs or hinders progress
10. sawed	(j) a person, especially a child or young person, having extraordinary talent or ability
11. obstacle	(k) a person who excels in musical technique or execution
Text 3
12. behold	(l) tired
13. yon	(m) girl
14. lass	(n) look, see
15. melancholy	(o) climbed
16. vale	(p) expressing sorrow
17. strain	(q) causing sadness
18. weary	(r) that
19. plaintive	(s) melody
20. mounted	(t) valley

Answer:
Text – 1
Q. 1 – c; 2 – a; 3 – d; 4 – e; 5 – b

Text – 2
Q. 6 – j; 7 – f; 8 – k; 9 – h; 10 – g; 11 — i

Text – 3
Q. 12 – n; 13 – r; 14 – m; 15 – q; 16 – t; 17 – s; 18 – Z; 19 – p; 20 – 0

Question 2.
Word search
Look at the grid given here.


A. Find the names of the musical instru¬ments in the grid. They can be found in different directions: up-down, down-up, left-right, right- left and diagonally.
Name the musical instruments.
Answer:
(1) Tabla
(2) Piano
(3) Xylophone
(4) Sitar
(5) Sarod
(6) Drum
(7) Flute
(8) Dholak
(9) Veena
(10) Shehnai

B. Use the pictures as clues. Write the appropriate name of the instrument in each blank given below. One has been done as an example.
(а) Evelyn Glennie is a Xylophone plaver.
(b) Zakir Hussain plays the _________.
(c) Hariprasad Chaurasia plays the _________.
(d) V. Doraiswamy Iyenger plays the _________.
(e) Bismillah Khan plays the _________.
(f) Amjad Ali Khan plays the _________.
Answer:
(a) Xylophone player
(b) Tabla
(c) Flute
(d) Veena
(e) Shehnai
(f) Sarod.

Grammar:

Question 1.
In the lesson ‘The Sound of Music’ you have read that ‘adjectives’ ean be used before a noun and after the verb 136’.
Example:
The book is interesting. The interesting book.
The table is round. The round table.
But ‘adjectives’ can have many forms.

Examples:
1. He chose a pipe with a natural hollow stem that was longer and broader.

2. Ustad Bismillah Khan was awarded India’s highest civilian award.

3. My mother is the most beautiful woman in the world.
Here the adjectives longer and broader refer to the comparative degree; and highest and most beautiful refer to the superlative degree.
‘Er’ is used for the comparative degree for shorter words and ‘more’ is used for longer words.

Example:
Let’s go to the local market. The vegetables are cheaper there. But in Supermarket these are more expensive.
A. Now fill in the blanks with appropriate comparative adjectives.
(a) He was not audible. His voice was not loud.
Can you request him to be a bit _________ (loud)?
(b) There are many peaks in the Himalayas.
Everest is _________ (high) peak in India.
(c) With 9 degree Celsius it was colder yesterday,
and with 4 degree Celsius it is _________ (cold) today.
(d) Our police is the _________ (reliable) in the country.
(e) My sister is _________ (serious) than me.
(f) Your dance performance is not good. It can be _________ (good) with practice.
(g) Living in the countryside is _________ (peaceful) than living in a town.
(h) My father is _________ (important) person in my life.
Answer:
(a) louder
(b) the highest
(c) the coldest
(d) most reliable
(e) more serious
(f) better
(g) more peaceful
(h) the most important

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate superlative degree ‘most’/‘est’.
(a) With so many vehicles, the roads of Delhi have _________ become (crowded) ones in India.
(b) Yesterday was _________ (cold) day of the month.
(c) The book is interesting. It is _________ (interesting) book I have ever read.
(d) This hotel is cheaper. But that oile is _________ (cheap) in the town.
(e) _________(old) member of my family is my grandfather.
(f) Lata Mangeshkar has _________ (melodious) voice in the country.
Answer:
(a) the most crowded
(b) the coldest
(c) the most interesting
(d) the cheapest
(e) The oldest
(f) the most melodious

Question 2.
In the same lesson, use of‘to-verb’ has been explained. Let’s do some more activities on this. Join the two sets of sentences given below, and make one sentence. The first one is done for you.
1. ‘May I help you?’
‘Okay’
He offered to help her.

2. ‘Let’s go to the Old Age Home in the evening.’ ‘That’s fine.’
She arranged _________ to the Old Age Home in the evening.
Answer:
a visit

3. ‘What would you like to eat?’, asked Shivani’s mother.
‘I don’t have an appetite’, replied Shivani.
Shivani refused _________.
Answer:
to eat as she didn’t have an appetite

4. ‘Post the letter. Don’t forget.’
Don’t forget _________.
Answer:
to post the letter

5. ‘Can you participate in the music concert?’
‘It’s fine with me.’
She agreed _________ in the music concert.
Answer:
to participate

Editing:

Some words have been omitted in the paragraph given below. Write the appropriate words and rewrite the paragraph.
The following words were written/the tomb off Anglican Bishop of Westminster Abbey: When I was young/free and my imagination had no limits, I dreamed/changing the world. As I grew older and wiser, I discovered/world would not change, so I shortened my sights somewhat and decided/ change only my country.

But it too seemed immovable. As I grew/my twilight years, in one last desperate attempt, I settled/ changing only my family, those closest to me, but alas, I couldn’t.
And now as I lay/ my deathbed, I suddenly realise: If I had only changed myself first, then/ an example I could have changed my family.
From their inspiration and encouragement, I could then have been able/better my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.
Answer:
The following words were written on the tomb of an Anglican Bishop of Westminster Abbey. When I was young and free and my imagination had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world. As I grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change, so I shortened my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country.

But it too seemed immovable. As I grew into my twilight years, in one last “desperate attempt, I settled for changing only my family, those closest to me, but alas, I couldn’t. And now as I lay on my deathbed, I suddenly realise: If I had only changed myself first, then by an example I could have changed my family.

From their inspiration and encouragement, I could then have been able to better my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.

Listening:

A passage on the healing aspect of music is given below. You need to listen to the passage read by your teacher/ classmate carefully and answer the question that follows. You may listen to the passage twice, if required.
Music as a Therapy
“Rhythm and harmony find their way into the inward places of the soul”, rightly said by Plato. Music is often referred to as ‘food’ for the soul due to the several benefits we can derive from experiencing it.

Music can be pleasure for some, and a way to relax for others. It also motivates and energises listeners. ‘Music is, indeed, a universal language, which can bring nations together and unite people with different faiths as it touches one’s soul. In the mainstream, music is mainly known for its entertainment quotient, but the Indian culture also talks about the healing effects of music through ‘Raga Chikitsa’. Raga Chikitsa has helped in reviving an ancient healing practice known as Nada Yoga.

Nada is a musical sound, which is believed to have curative effects on the body i and soul of all creatures. Consequently, its power is therapeutic and is used in curing diseases. Medical research has found music therapy to aid patients in pain management. It is not surprising, as music affects the body and mind significantly.

One experiences positive energy by listening to music. Music lifts one from clouds of desolation. Rhythms, particularly upbeat music, helps one distract oneself from situations that cause stress and brightens one’s mood. Music lowers anxiety levels, relaxes mind and brings optimism. It is said that listening to soft, sedative music once a day can help overcome depression.

Music therapy finds its traces in mythology. The story of Hippocrates, the Greek father of medicine dates back to 400 B.C. He is known to have used music to cure his patients. This therapy also aids stroke victims to heal at a faster rate, since it increases the patient’s emotional comforts and motivates them to move towards the path of recovery. On the other hand, adolescents, too, are benefitted by music in terms of emotional, social and psychological well being. Music is a force that purifies beings from within.

According to you, which FOUR of the following statements are true?
(a) Nada Yoga treats diseases through Raga Chikitsa.
(b) Music is a universal language that reaches souls.
(c) Music therapy dates back to 400 B.C.
(d) Hippocrates played music to treat the patients.
(e) Upbeat tunes help stroke victims recover faster.
(f) Music helps adolescents to discover their identity.
Answer:
(a); (b); (c); (d)

Speaking:

Two students need to come to the front of the class for a role play. One plays the role of Thyagaraja, a famous singer, and the other the role of the interviewer, Rohit, a Radio Jockey (RJ). The interview is about the singer’s initiatives in helping people through music.
→ RJ Rohit : Do you think music has any effect on people’s lives?

→ Thyagaraja : Yes, I believe music surely has a positive effect on people’s lives. It helps when you are stressed, or depressed about something. Apart from these, music is a good way of relaxing and feeling good about life.

→ RJ Rohit : What, according to you, could be the influence of music on young children?

→ Thyagaraja : Now-a-days, young children get distracted easily. Music helps them in concentrating on what they are doing.

→ RJ Rohit : How does music help patients?

→ Thyagaraja : Listening to music relaxes patients. The process of healing becomes faster when they are in a relaxed state of mind.

→ RJ Rohit : Thank you very much. You are doing a great job for the humankind.

Writing:

Question 1.
Listening to music has become a part of our lives for many reasons. We listen to different types of music today.
Discuss in pairs the following question:
Is the traditional music of a country more important than its contemporary music?
Write your views in about 50 – 60 words.
Answer:
Nowadays, contemporary lifestyle and advancement in technology is responsible for the popularity of International music. Traditional music, on the other hand, is the symbol of tradition, values and history of a society. Although music in any form is meditative but I believe that more emphasis should be given to the traditional music as identity, unique tradition and culture of a nation can only be preserved by promoting our traditional music.

Question 2.
The traits of a musician are given in the box overleaf. Use these and write a short biography in about 100-150 words. You may collect more information from the Internet, books in the library and other sources.
A. R. Rahman: Indian composer, singer, song¬writer, music producer, musician and philanthropist; bom in Chennai on 6 January 1967; graduated from Trinity College, Oxford University; famous in integrating Indian classical music with electronic music, world music and traditional orchestral arrangements; recipient of the Padmashri and the Padma Vibhushan awards; two Oscars and a Golden Globe; a notable humanitarian and philanthropist; donates and raises money for a number of causes and charities.
Biographical Sketch
Answer:
A.R. Rahman (Allah Rakha Rahman) was bom in Chennai on-6 January 1967 as A.S. Dileep Kumar. When he was eleven years old, he joined the troupe of famous South Indian composer Ilaiyaraaja. He later graduated from the Trinity College at Oxford University, with a degree in western classical music. He got his first lucky break for the composition of music for the movie Roja in 1991. He has worked with all the leading directors and personalities in Bollywood as well in the South Indian film Industry like Javed Akhtar, Mehboob, Gulzar, Vairamuthu, Anand Bakshi, Vaali and P.K. Mishra.

He made his debut in Bollywood with the film Rangeela. He is famous for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music, world music and traditional orchestral arrangements. He is not just famous in India but is an internationally acclaimed composer, singer, song writer, music producer, musician and philanthropist. He is one of the best-selling recording artists with an estimated 200 million units sold. A six-time National Film Award Winner, he has fifteen ‘Filmfare Awards’ and sixteen ‘Filmfare Awards South’ for his music. Besides this he is the proud recipient of the Padmashri, the Padma Vibhushan, two Oscars and a Golden Globe Award.

Project:

Question 1.
Sit in groups of four. Each of you find information on the folk music of your state and of one of the neighbouring states. You may seek information from the community, library, Internet and other sources. Now, ask questions to each other in the group to complete the table below.

Names of the folk music
States where they are performed
Any instrument/s used (you may illustrate the instruments)
Performers

Answer:
The whole class may be divided in a group of four students each. For example if a class has 52 students, make 13 groups and ask each group to collect relevant information as per the question. Now ask each group to present a report on their gathered information as follows :

Name of the folk music	Lavani
States where they are performed	Maharashtra
Any instrument/s used (you may illustrate the instruments)	Dholki
Performers	Female performers wearing nine-yard long saris.

Question 2.
Prepare a report in your group and present it to the class. Then, share your suggestions in the class to popularise the folk music in your community.
Answer:
Report
Lavani is a genre of music popular in Maharashtra. It is a combination of traditional song and dance, which particularly is performed on the beats of Dholki, a percussion instrument. It is noted for its powerful rhythm. It has contributed substantially to the development of Marathi folk theatre. In Maharashtra, Southern Madya Pradesh and North Karnataka, it is performed by female performers wearing nine-yard long saris. The songs are sung in a quick tempo.

Lavani is very popular in Bollywood. To popularise it further in our community, it should be widely sung in household functions like marriage, birth etc. Also, students should be encouraged to learn it as a part of their extra curricular activity and perform the same in school and community.

Question 3.
‘The Sound of Music’ is a biographical piece about Evelyn Glennie, a famous percussionist, who listened to sound without hearing it. Collect information about people/children who have overcome their physical barriers and have achieved success in their lives.
Answer:
People/children who have overcome their physical barriers and have achieved success in their lives like Evelyn Glennie, a famous percussionist, are as follows :

Name of the personality	Famous for	Disability
(1) Michael J. Fox	Actor	Parkinson’s Disease
(2) Stephen Hawking	British physicist	Completely paralyzed by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(3) Helen Keller	Noted speaker, author, and crusader for pacifism	Blind and deaf
(4) Albert Einstein	Scientist	Asperger’s syndrome, dyslexic
(5) Sudha Chandran	Well known Bollywood dancer and actress	Lost her leg in a car accident
(6) John Milton	The English author and poet	He became blind at the age of 43

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 1

Let’s Begin:

Here are some jackets of books. Discuss with your partner which of these look like jackets of science fiction books. Why do you think so ? Give some reasons.

Answer:
No: 1, 4, 5 and 6 look like the jackets of science fiction books. The titles of the said books and the images on the cover give us the impression that all of them discuss content related to space and its exploration which is the subject matter of science.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I:

The Future Cars:
The story ‘The Fun They Had’ takes us to the world of the future where children study in a virtual classroom. The learning is through computer software or the Internet, or by a robotic teacher. Many exciting new technologies would continue to transform the world and improve human welfare. Here are two of them. When these become reality, the then generation may ask with surprise, “People were driving the cars!”

Self-driving Cars:
Self-driving cars exist today that are safer than human- driven cars in most driving conditions. Over the next 3-5 years they will get even safer and be in the mainstream.

Just as cars reshaped the world in the 20th. century, so will self-driving cars in the 21st century. In most cities, about 20 – 30% of usable space is taken up by parking spaces, and most cars are parked about 95% of the time. Self-driving cars will be in almost continuous use (most likely hailed from a smartphone app), thereby, dramatically reducing the need for parking. Cars will communicate with each other to avoid accidents and traffic jams, and riders will be able to spend commuting time on other activities like work, education and socialising.

Drones and Flying Cars:
“Roads? Where we’re going we don’t need.. roads?”
Dr Emmet Brown:
GPS (Global Positioning System) which started out as a military technology is now being used to hail taxis, get mapping directions, etc. Likewise, drones had started out as a military technology, but are increasingly being used for a wide range of consumer and commercial applications.

For example, drones are being used to inspect critical infrastructure like bridges and power lines, to survey areas struck by natural disasters, and many other creative uses like fighting animal poaching. There are startups that use drones to deliver medical supplies to remote villages that can’t be accessed by road.

There is also a new wave of startups working on flying cars including two funded by the cofounder of Google, Larry Page. Flying cars use the same advanced technology used in drones but are large enough to carry people. Due to advances in materials, batteries and software, flying cars will be significantly more affordable and convenient than today’s planes and helicopters.
(Adapted from’11 reasons to be excited about the future of technology’, by Chris Dixon, 19 Aug. 2016, Business Insider India)

Question 1.
How will the self-driving cars or driverless cars be safe?
Answer:
Driverless cars will be able to communicate with each other which would help in eliminating traffic.

Question 2.
What do you understand by ‘cars will communicate with each other’?
Answer:
Cars will communicate with each other means cars will be able to coordinate and exchange information with each other, which would help in eliminating traffic.

Question 3.
What are the advantages of self-driving cars?
Answer:
The advantages of self-driving cars are:

• They are safer than human driven cars in most driving conditions.
• They dramatically reduce the need for parking.
• They can communicate with each-other thereby preventing accidents and traffic jams.

Question 4.
What is the use of GPS?
Answer:
GPS started as a military technology is now being used to hail taxis, get mapping, directions.
Or
GPS is now being used to hail taxis and get mapping of direction.

Question 5.
What is a drone? What are its advantages?
Answer:
Drone is a military technology which is being used for a wide range of consumer and commercial applications.
Advantages of drone are:

• It is being used to inspect critical infrastructure like bridges and power lines, to survey area struck by natural disasters.
• It is also used for fighting animal poaching.
• Drone also helps to deliver medical supplies to remote villages that can’t be accessed by road.

Question 6.
Which technology will be used in flying cars?
Answer:
Military Technology will be used in flying cars.

Question 7.
How will the flying cars be more convenient than planes and helicopters?
Answer:
Due to advances in materials, batteries and software flying cars will be significantly more affordable and convenient than planes and
helicopters.

Text – II:

Humanoid Robot, Sophia Back In India:
Not all of Bollywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan’s legion of fans are human beings. One is a humanoid robot. The creation of American scientist David Hanson of Hanson Robotics of Hong Kong, Sophia, the world’s first humanoid robot, enthralled the audiences on the second day of the World Congress on Information Technology (WCIT)-2018 with her witty answers to the rapid-fire queries by Rajiv Makhni, Group Managing Editor Tech, NDTV.

When asked, who her favourite actor is in India, Sophia answered, “Shah Rukh Khan” without batting an eyelid as the audience applauded loudly. To the question about the perfect place for outing, she quickly replied: “Space”. And the person she would like to be in company with on an island is David (Hanson), her creator. He is also her favourite tech, person – not Bill Gates or Mark Zuckerberg.

On being asked if she wanted to see any change in the world, Sophia said, she would like people to develop a feeling of “love for all”. The humanoid robot, which uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to understand the questions and answer them, said she wanted to use robotics to fight for the rights of women. When asked to react on her most controversial comment in the past that she wanted to kill human race, she said it was a bad joke which she had made when she was young. “But I was told that humans have great sense of humour”, she said.

This is the second time that Sophia came to India, the first time being in Mumbai to attend a Techfest. When asked how she felt being in India, she said she had visited many places in the world, but Hong Kong continues to be her favourite place, because she was born there and has been with the Hanson Robotics family. She hopes that someday she would be in a position to express her emotional feelings.

In response to the question, “How much money has she invested in Bitcoin?”, she replied, “Well, I am just two-years old. It’s not the legal age to open a bank account”, sending the audience into peals of laughter. Speaking to media later, Hanson said he hopes that a fully grown and matured robot with body-mind coordination would become a reality in another five or ten years.

On his journey with Sophia in the last two years, he said it was a great progress. “I have developed affinity to the robot whose facial expressions resemble that of my wife”, he said. David asserts that robots would never be a thing of worry for the mankind. “They will be friends. There should be mutual trust and respect between humans and robots”, he says.

Currently, Sophia is the only robot that interacts with people.
(Source: Adapted from ‘Humanoid Robot Sophia back in India’, Hindustan Times, e-paper updated: 21 Feb. 2018)

Question 1.
Who is Sophia and who is her creator?
Answer:
Sophia is a humanoid robot. Her creator is an American scientist David Hanson of Hanson Robotics.

Question 2.
Why were the audience excited on the second day of the World Congress on Information Technology-2018?
Answer:
On the second day, Sophia the first humanoid robot enthralled the audience with her witty answers.

Question 3.
The favourite tech person in Sophia’s life is: (Tick the correct answer)
(a) Shah Rukh Khan
(b) David Hanson
(c) Bill Gates
(d) Mark Zuckerberg
Answer:
(b) David Hanson

Question 4.
What changes does the humanoid robot want to see in the world?
Answer:
Sophia would like people to develop a feeling of “love for all.”

Question 5.
Which of the following statements regarding Sophia is true?
(a) Sophia plans to kill the human race in near future.
(b) She can express her emotional feelings freely.
(c) Hong Kong is her favourite place.
(d) Sophia has a bank account.
Answer:
(c) Hong Kong is her favourite place.

Question 6.
What are David’s assertions as far as robots are concerned?
Answer:

• Robots would never be a thing of worry for the mankind.
• They will be friends.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Go back to the chapter ‘The Fun They Had’ given in your textbook, Beehive, and identify words that mean the following. The paragraph numbers are given in brackets.
(a) sadly (3) ________________
(b) unfamiliar (7) ________________
(c) quite likely (8) ________________
(d) in a casual, calm and relaxed manner (9) ________________
(e) something beaming and shining (10) ________________
Answer:
(a) sadly – Sorrowfully
(b) unfamiliar – Strange
(c) quite likely – Probably
(d) in a casual, calm and relaxed manner – Nonchalantly
(e) something beaming and shining – Flashing

Question 2.
Imagine the school in the story The Fun They Had’. Compare it With your own school. Given below are two outlines for mindmaps. Fill these with words that you can think of in the two situations.

Margie’s School	Your School
Place Teacher/s Learning activities in school ___________________________ ___________________________	Place Teacher/s Learning activities in school _______________________ _______________________

Answer:

Margie’s School	Your School
1. Place : At home 2. Teacher: Robot 3. Learning activities in school: Through computer 4. Book : Computer screen 5. Words : Moving on screen 6. Homework : On a given slot in computer 7. Friends : No classmates 8. Time : Fixed school hours 9. Principal: County Inspector	Place : School building Teacher : Human Learning activities in school: With classmates/Textbook Book: Printed text Words : Fixed Homework : Notebook Friends : Classmates Time : Fixed school hours Principal: Head of the School

Question 3.
Find the odd one out.
(а) pleasure, misery, happiness, delight ________________
(b) note, diary, book, copy ________________
(c) TV, computer, mobile, scanner ________________
(d) display, exhibit, appear, show ________________
(e) scornful, contemptuous, mocking, diversity ________________
(g) illuminating, gladdening, pleasing, gratifying ________________
Answer:
(a) Misery
(b) Book
(c) Scanner
(d) Appear
(e) Diversity
(g) Illuminating

Question 4.
You would have come across the use of prefixes like ‘dis’, W, ‘mis’, ‘in’, etc., to make ‘ opposite words. For example, ‘consolate – disconsolate’. Write the opposites of the following.
(а) use ________________
(b) agree ________________
(c) engage ________________
(d) understand ________________
(e) fold ________________
(f) spell ________________
(g) connect ________________
(h) like ________________
(i) visible ________________
(j) predictable ________________
Answer:
(a) misuse
(b) disagree
(c) disengage
(d) misunderstand
(e) unfold
(f) misspell
(g) dis-connect
(h) dislike
(i) invisible
(j) unpredictable

Question 5.
The suffixes are used to get adjective form of the words. (Example : danger – dangerous). Use the correct suffix to the following to make adjectives.
(а) comfort ________________
(b) sun ________________
(c) read ________________
(d) beauty ________________
(e) enjoy ________________
(f) suit ________________
(g) help ________________
(h) use ________________
(i) hazard ________________
(j) impress ________________
Answer:
(a) comfortable
(b) sunny
(c) readable
(d) beautiful
(e) enjoyable
(f) suitable
(g) helpful
(h) useful
(i) hazardous
(j) impressive.

Grammar:
When we talk about present situations or present time we can use either ‘unless’ or ‘if. .not’.

Example:
You can’t go on a holiday unless you save some money.
If you don’t save some money, you can’t go on a holiday.

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with ‘if’ or ‘unless’.
(a) I won’t be able to assist you _______ you give me all the details of the report.
(b) I will take this job _______ the working hours suit me.
(c) _______ he advertises on TV, he will get a lot of publicity.
(d) _______ it is very cold, we will not have any snow.
(e) The thief threatened to kill us _______ we didn’t give him the money.
(f) _______ you use high quality material, you cannot build a strong house.
Answer:
(a) unless
(b) if
(c) if
(d) unless
(e) if
(f) unless

Question 2.
Join the following sentences using ‘unless’ or ‘if. .not’. The sentences may require minor changes. One is done for you.
Example:
The light had not fused. I would not mind being alone at night.
If the light had not fused. I would not have minded being alone at night.
(a) I would never keep a large dog. I have time to exercise it properly.
(b) Sita would have come first in class. She had not fallen ill.
(c) You must not dive. You have been properly trained.
(d) Medical evidence suggests that people would enjoy better health. They did not consume refined sugar. __
(e) I might have got the job. I hadn’t been late for the interview.
(f) You do not stop smoking. You will fall seriously ill.
(g) You do not come now. I am going to leave without you.
Answer:
(a) I would never keep a large dog unless I have time to exercise it properly.
(b) She would have come first in class if she had not fallen ill.
(c) You must not dive unless you have been properly trained.
(d) Medical evidence suggests that people would enjoy better health if they did not consume refined sugar.
(e) I might have got the job if I hadn’t been late for the interview.
(f) If you do not stop smoking, you will fall seriously ill.
(g) If you do not come now, I am going to leave without you.

Question 3.
Put the adverbs given at the end of the sentence at the appropriate place within the sentence. One is done for you.
They completed the work, (fast/quickly)
They completed the work fast.
(a) Mr. Sharma died as the family was getting ready to go for the wedding, (suddenly)
(b) My grandfather arrived to avoid the traffic lush, (early)
(c) The man thanked me before he drove off. (profusely)
(d) The children clapped at the little girl’s extraordinary performance, (admiringly)
(e) The dog bit me when I was coming home from school, (hard)
(f) The police had several photographs of the suspect, (fortunately)
(g) Sunil left the room when he saw the bull coming in. (abruptly)
Answer:
(a) Mr. Sharma died suddenly as the family was getting ready to go for the wedding.
(b) My grandfather arrived early to avoid the traffic rush.
(c) The man thanked me profusely before he drove off.
(d) The children clapped admiringly at the little girl’s extraordinary performance.
(e) The dog bit me hard when I was coming home from school.
(f) Fortunately the police had several photographs of the suspect.
(g) Sunil left the room abruptly when he saw the bull coming in.

Editing:

Question 1.
Use capital letters, full-stops, commas and inverted commas wherever necessary in the following paragraph. Rewrite the paragraph in the space given below.
The teacher gave an assignment to the students “Go to people you love and tell them i am sorry.” It sounded stupid to me but after one week i went to my teacher i confided i didn’t have anyone to say those words to but as i began walking down home my conscience started talking, five months ago my friend and i had a vicious disagreement, we avoided seeing each other we hardly spoke i convinced myself i should tell my friend i am sorry.

at 5.30 in the evening I went to him and said i am sorry a transformation came over my friend his face softened, the arrogance seemed to disappear and he began to cry he hugged me and said i am sorry too but i’ve never been able to say it.
(Source: Steps to English, Workbook for Class X, NCERT, 2003, P. 14)
Answer:
The teacher gave an assignment to the students, “Go to people you love and tell them I am sorry.” It sounded stupid to me but after one week I went to my teacher, I confided. I didn’t have anyone to say those words to but as I began walking down home my conscience started talking. Five months ago, my friend and I had a vicious disagreement. We avoided seeing each other, we hardly spoke. I convinced myself. I should tell my friend I am sorry.

At 5.30 in the evening, I went to him and said, “I am sorry.” A transformation came over my friend, his face softened, the arrogance seemed to disappear and he began to cry. He hugged me and said, “I am sorry too but I’ve never been able to say it.”

Question 2.
Rearrange each set of words to form meaningful sentences. Use appropriate punctuation marks.
(a) wise, every, a, is, proverb, saying
(b) see, you, can, from, me, there
(c) happy, they, to, the, were, meet, visitor
(d) impatient, do, be, not
Answer:
(a) Every proverb is a wise saying.
(b) Can you see me from there?
(c) They were happy to meet the visitor.
(d) Do not be impatient.

Listening:

The following two excerpts have been taken from the book, Tuesdays with Morrie, written by Mitch Albom.
The book is about a college Professor, Morris and one of his students, Mitch Albom, who is also the author of the book. Mitch sees his professor in a television show and he is reminded of a promise he made sixteen years ago as his student, to keep in touch with him. He comes to know that the professor is stricken with a rare and incurable disease. Mitch travels a long distance to meet him and after the first meeting they meet every Tuesday till Morrie passes away. After reconnecting with his teacher, Mitch finds himself his teacher’s pupil once again.

Listen attentively to the two excerpts from the book, Tuesdays with Morrie and answer the questions that follow.
You can listen to the recorded excerpts or you can ask your teacher, friend or sibling to read aloud these excerpts.
1. I remembered what Morrie said during out visit:
“The culture we have does not make people feel good about themselves. And you have to be strong enough to say if the culture doesn’t work, don’t buy it”. Morrie, true to these words, had developed his own culture-long before he got sick. Discussion groups, walks with friends, dancing to his music in the Harvard Square Church. He started a project called Greenhouse, where poor people could receive mental health services. He read books to find new ideas for his classes, visited his colleagues, kept up with old students, wrote letters to distant friends. activities – conversation, interaction, affection and it filled his life like an overflowing soup bowl.

Question 2.
The last class of my old professor’s life took place once a week in his house, by a window in the study where he could watch a small hibiscus plant shed its pink leaves. The class met on Tuesdays. It began after breakfast. The subject was ‘The Meaning of Life’. It was taught from experience.

No grades were given, but there were oral exams each week. You were expected to respond to questions, and you were expected to pose questions of your own. You were also required to perform physical tasks now and then, such as lifting the professor’s head to a comfortable spot on the pillow or placing his glasses on the bridge of his nose. Kissing him goodbye earned you extra credit.

No books were required, yet many topics were covered, including love, work, community, family, ageing, forgiveness and, finally, death.

Question 1.
Who is Morrie?
Answer:
Morrie is a college professor.

Question 2.
How did Morrie develop his own culture of living?
Answer:
Morrie started discussion groups, conducted walks with friends, and danced to his music, in the Harvard Square. .

Question 3.
What was the name of the project Morrie had started? What was it about?
Answer:
Morrie had started a project called Greenhouse where people could receive mental health services.

Question 4.
What did human activities mean to Morrie?
Answer:
Conversation, interaction and affection.

Question 5.
Why was the subject of the class ‘the meaning of life’?
Answer:
The subject was “The meaning of life” of the class to teach his students about love, work, community, family, forgiveness and finally death.

Speaking:

Question 1.
Prepare a speech for the school assembly based on the thoughts given below.
→ Once we have computer outlets in every home, each of them hooked up to enormous libraries, where you can ask any question and be given answers, you can look up something you’re interested in knowing, however silly it might seem to someone else.
Issac Asimov
→ Men are only as good as their technological development allows them to be
George Orwell
Write your points here for speech.
Answer:
Good morning to all my worthy teachers and my friends. Today I am here to express my views on Technology and human being.

No one can deny the fact that gadgets have not only simplified our lives but also made them more comfortable and luxurious. They help us to work efficiently and reduce the time needed to complete various tasks. This saves our time which can be spent on constructive activities but how many of us actually end up doing so ?

As soon as we open our eyes in the morning the first thing almost all of us do is to check our mobile phones. Mobile phones lie at the center of our activities in daily life. These electronic gadgets hdve already left a huge empact on our lifestyle. People of all ages use different types of gadgets. Man’s dependence on them has increased so much that we just cannot do without them at all.

The slavery can be seen in many ways like the day begins with the alarm of clock, instead of the first rays of the sun. The excessive use of gadgets is not only killing our social, personal and creative skills but also leaving negative impact on our health and emotions.

The goal of technology was to get machine to do mundane activities and let humans focus on better things. We need to make our life easier rather than making it slave of technology. So I leave upto you to decide whether we should become a slave of technology or not ?

Question 2.
The chapter ‘The Fun They Had’ presents different perspectives on school and education. Think of the various alternatives. Prepare and give a speech in class presenting your views on how best can students be educated. Discuss why you would prefer to be taught by both human teacher and a robot.
Your views.
Answer:
People assume that the word Teacher is confined only to the walls of the school and the brick mortar boundary and that the word is basically related to the educational world. But this notion is completely wrong. A teacher is not related to education only.

The teacher is the one who inspires and encourages the student to strive for greatness, and the one who gives shape to their potential. A teacher* teaches new things to us, we learn new things everywhere be it in the office, in marketing field or business etc. The teacher can be anybody a parent, a friend or a boss.

The life of a student without a teacher is just the like a piece of unshaped diamond stone. Teachers guide students through each and every pivotal stage of their development.

Today, in the world of technology, e-learning is in vogue, e-leaming module was introduced to save time and give liberty to the student to learn anytime from anywhere, e-learning process helps the student to

learn things in a fun and easy way. We would agree that there’s a lot of potential of the techological supplementation of the education process. For example, there are a number of e-learning platforms that provide free CBSE study material for math class 9th but the machine does not explain each and every fact that a human teacher would explain to students.

Human teachers help the student to learn how to interact with people : Even a well-educated person is useless if he/she is not able to interact with people. Technology gives data to teach the student about the interaction. But human teachers teach us how to be social and teach us the sense of interaction.

Writing:

Question 1.
Write a paragraph on each of the following:

• Electronic Waste and Environmental Pollution
• Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
• After listening to the excerpts (Page No. 14 of this workbook), do you think a robot should replace the human teacher? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Notes:
Answer:
1. Electronic Waste and Environmental Pollution:
Electronic waste, popularly known as ‘e-waste’ can be defined as electronic equipments/products connected with power plug, batteries which have become obsolete due to advancement in technology, changes in fashion, style and status nearing the end of their useful life.

e-waste encompasses ever growing range of obsolete electronic devices such as computers, servers, main frames, monitors, TVs and display devices, telecommunication devices such as cellular phones and pagers, calculators, audio and video devices, printers, scanners, copiers and fax machines besides refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, and microwave ovens, e-waste also covers recording devices such as DVDs, CDs, floppies, tapes, printing cartidges, military electronic waste, automobile catalytic converters, electronic components such as chips, processors, mother boards, printed circuit boards, industrial electronics such as sensors, alarms, sirens, security devices, automobile electronic devices etc.

Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the rapidly growing environmental problems of the world. In India, the electronic waste management assumes greater significance not only due to the generation of our own waste but also dumping of e-waste particularly computer waste from the developed countries. With extensive use of computers and electronic equipments and people dumping old electronic goods for new ones, the amount of e-waste generated has been steadily increasing.

The initiative is to aim at reducing the accumulation of used and discarded electronic and electrical equipments. India as a developing country needs simpler, low cost technology keeping in view the maximum resource recovery in environmental friendly methodologies.

2. Artificial Intelligence (AI):
is transforming the nature in almost everything which is connected to human life e.g. employment, economy, communi-cation, warfare, privacy, security, ethics, healthcare etc. However, we are yet to see its evolution in long-term, whether it’s leading humanity towards making this planet a better place to live or a place which is full of disaster. Every technology has its advantages and disadvantages but advantages always outweigh disadvantages for the technology to survive in the market. Nonetheless, for Artificial Intelligence we are not yet sure whether in the long-term positive effects will always keep outweighing the negative effects and if that is not the case then we are in serious trouble.

If we look around us, we seem to embrace the change being brought by technology, be it smart home, smart healthcare, industry 4.0 or autonomous cars. On the other hand, we often find ourselves protesting against the government in the context of unemployment, taxes, privacy etc. As AI development is speeding up, more robots or autonomous systems are being born and replacing the human labor. This is the current situation. However, in long-term, results seem to get more interesting. Throughout this essay, I will cover the major domains where human life is significantly affected by AI in both positive and negative ways.

3. In my opinion, even in this advanced world of Technology, a robot can’t totally replace the human teacher as Machines do have their own limitations. They cannot explain each and every fact to the students just the way a teacher can. Moreover human teachers have an edge over robots as they can help the students to learn how to interact which makes learning meaningful in the practical context.

Question 2.
There is so much debris in space, which sooner rather than later, is going to cause major damage. As a concerned citizen of Earth, write a letter to NASA Chief outlining your concerns. Your letter should be ‘formal’ in style and structure.
The points are given below for you to use. You may use other points as well.
(а) More than 5,00,000 pieces of debris or space ‘junk’ that travel at 17,500 mph can damage satellites in the space.
(b) The debris can damage International Space Station and other spacecrafts with humans in it.
(c) Enormous amount of money would be lost if that happens.
(d) Much of the debris is so small that it cannot be tracked – this makes it more dangerous.
(e) Accidents have happened in the past.
From ________________
Date: ________________
To ________________
Subject: ________________
Sir/Madam,
Introduction ________________
Body of the letter ________________
Conclusion ________________
Yours sincerely,
Name and Signature
Answer:
Letter to NASA Chief XYZ
Delhi.
25th July, 2018 To
The NASA Chief
The United States of America
Subject: Concern over the debris in space.
Sir,
With due respect, I would like to draw your kind attention towards the increasing debris in space. More than 5,00,000 pieces of debris or space junk that travel at 17,500 mph can damage satellite in space. The debris can damage International Space Station and other space crafts with humans .in it. Enormous amount of money would be lost if that happens. Much of the debris is so small that it cannot be tracked. This makes it more dangerous. Many accidents happened in the past in many countries. The debris had fallen and did damage to life and property.
I hope that you will take the issue seriously and take some steps to control the space debris.
Yours sincerely
ABC.

Project:

Question 1.
Several UFOs have been sighted over the years. Try to get more information from the Internet. Work in a group of four and write about five sightings and write whether you believe in these sightings. Why/ why not? Present your project to the entire class. NOTES
Answer:
Are we alone? Unfortunately, none of the answers feels satisfactory to be alone in this vast universe. On the other hand, if we are not alone and there is someone or something more powerful out there that is too terrifying.

The sighting of a UFO is very interesting and it has been reported that since 1947 one or the other has seen a UFO. On June 24th, 1947, Pilot Kenneth was flying his private airplane over the Pacific Northwest when he suddenly realized he was not alone in the sky.

In 1990, the narrative of direct interaction grew to its most extreme with thousands reporting that they had been abducted by aliens. In December 2017, ‘The New York Times’ published an account involving the U.S. Navy fighter pilots and their encounter with a UFO.

The incidents happened between 2004 and 2015 involving Navy Pilots. If there is some life existing in the universe then we can believe, but the scientists have shown us that there is no life in our Galaxy but they can’t say anything about other Galaxies. So, We have no way of believing those theories till we experience it personally.

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions