** Answer is not given due to change in present syllabus<\/p>\n
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Geography 2013 Delhi Set – I<\/h3>\n
Geography 2013 (Delhi)
\nTime allowed : 3 hours<\/p>\n
Question 1.
\nGive the meaning of \u2018Crude Birth Rate\u2019 (CBR). [1]
\nAnswer:
\nThe crude birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people per year. We can calculate CBR by the following formula :
\nCBR = Bi\/P multiplied by 100 where Bi denotes live births during the year.
\nP is the mid year population of the area.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nHow is sex ratio calculated in different countries of the world ? [1]
\nAnswer:
\nSex ratio is calculated by the following formulas :
\n![\"CBSE](\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.cbselabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/CBSE-Previous-Year-Question-Papers-Class-12-Geography-2013-Delhi-1.png?resize=243%2C125&ssl=1\")
\nOR
\n(iii) The number of females per thousand males<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nState and two functions of World Trade Organization (W.T.O.). [1]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
- \n
- It overseas the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements.<\/li>\n
- And it provides a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 4.
\nWhich State of India has the lowest female literacy rate ? [1]
\nAnswer:
\nBihar.<\/p>\nQuestion 5.
\nMention any two causes of the negative growth rate of population in India during 1911-1921. [1]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Poor health facilities and<\/li>\n
- Lack of basic necessities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 6.
\nGive any two examples of mining towns in India. [1]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Jharia<\/li>\n
- Digboi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 7.
\nWhat is \u2018sectoral planning\u2019 ? [1]
\nAnswer:
\nThe Sector Plan provides general guidelines directed towards ensuring the orderly and efficient development of a plan area. The sector plan addresses essential services and facilitates, land uses, transportation systems, population density and sequencing of development. Full consideration must be given to the costs and benefits of various actions upon the present and future social, economic and environmental fabric of the area.<\/p>\nQuestion 8.
\nWhy is the density of rural roads very low in the hilly areas of India ? Give one reason. [1]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Nature of difficult terrain,<\/li>\n
- Poor economic condition in those areas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 9.
\nGive the meaning of the term \u2018Hinterland\u2019. [1]
\nAnswer:
\nThe hinterland is the land or district behind a coast or the shoreline of a river. It is the rural outlying region that supports a town or city with agricultural products and raw materials. The hinterland ships fresh fruits, vegetables, and milk into the city to provide the village with the finest fresh products.<\/p>\nQuestion 10.
\nMention any two sources of water pollution in India. [1]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Toxic effluents from industries.<\/li>\n
- Sewage disposal in rivers without detoxification.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 11.
\nExplain the concept of \u2018Possibilism\u2019, with three, suitable examples. [3]
\nAnswer:
\nPossiblism is a view of the environment as a range of opportunities from which the individual may choose. This choice is based on the individual\u2019s needs and norms. It grants that the range of choices may be limited by the environment, but allows choices to be made, rather than thinking on deterministic lines.<\/p>\nExamples :<\/p>\n
- \n
- Health resorts of highlands<\/li>\n
- Orchards<\/li>\n
- Ports on the costs<\/li>\n
- Satellites in the space.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 12.
\nAnalyze any three major problems of slum dwellers in India. [3]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Poor sanitation<\/li>\n
- Poor ventilation<\/li>\n
- Lack of basic amenities<\/li>\n
- They are low paid workers.<\/li>\n
- Their areas are overcrowded having narrow street pattern prone to serious hazard from fire.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 13.
\nExplain any three points of economic significance of \u2018Trans-Siberian Railway\u2019. [3]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- It is the most significant route in Asia.<\/li>\n
- It helps to connect Asian market with West European market.<\/li>\n
- It is the longest double tracked electric railway in the world.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 14.
\nWhat is cyber space ? Describe any two advantages of internet. [3]
\nAnswer:
\nThe word \u201ccyberspace\u201d is credited to William Gibson, who used it in his book, Neuromancer, written in 1984. Cyberspace is the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs. As a social experience, individuals can interact, exchange ideas, share information, provide social support, conduct business, direct actions, create artistic media, play games, engage in political discussion, and so on, using this global network.
\nFew advantages are :<\/p>\n- \n
- Anyone can share ideas, view from any part of the world.<\/li>\n
- The concept of Global village becomes truth with its help.<\/li>\n
- It is significant in terms of education and entertainment. In fact it creates the environment for Edutainment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 15.
\nExplain with example, how \u2018stage of economic development\u2019 and \u2018foreign investment\u2019 become the basis of international trade. [3]
\nAnswer:
\nStage of Economic Development :
\nThe nature of items traded undergoes changes as the different stages of economic development of countries passes. In agro-based countries, agro products are exchanged for manufactured goods where as industrialized nations export machinery and finished products and import food grains and other raw materials. The study of economic development mainly focused entirely on national product, or the aggregate output of goods and services.<\/p>\nForeign Investment : Foreign direct investment (FDI) has proved to be resilient during financial crisis. It boosts up the trade where the capital is limited. By developing such capital-intensive industries, the industrial nations ensure import of food stuffs, minerals and create markets for their finished products.<\/p>\n
Question 16.
\nExplain any three push factors that have caused rural to urban migration in India. [3]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- In India, people migrate from villages to towns\/cities due to poor economic conditions at village.<\/li>\n
- Lack of basic amenities like-education, healthcare etc.<\/li>\n
- Lack of infrastructure like-roads, water, electricity etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 17.
\nWhat are hamleted settlements ? Mention any two areas of India where such settlements are found. [3]
\nAnswer:
\nA hamlet is a settlement, which is too small to be considered a town or village. As a general rule, hamlets are rural, and many of them arise around a specific site such as a mill or a large farm. In some countries, hamlets are legally defined, while in others; the world is simply a term to describe a small settlement, with no firm definition attached.<\/p>\nA typical hamlet consists of only a few houses, often clustered together close to the road. Many hamlets lack stores and services, forcing their dwellers to travel to the nearest town to meet their needs. Two areas in India are :<\/p>\n
- \n
- Middle and lower parts of the Ganga plain<\/li>\n
- Lower valleys of the Himalayas.<\/li>\n
- Chhattisgarh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 18.
\nGive two advantages of \u2018copper\u2019. Mention four main copper mining areas of India. [3]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Copper and the copper alloys are some of the most versatile materials available and are used for applications in every type of industry.<\/li>\n
- Besides good conductivity the properties include strength, hardness, ductility, and resistance to corrosion, wear and shock, low magnetic permeability, an attractive range of colors together with ease of machining, forming, polishing and plating.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Copper mining areas in India are :<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- Khetri<\/li>\n
- Balaghat<\/li>\n
- Singhbhum<\/li>\n
- Jhunjhunu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 19.
\nExplain the role of \u2018power\u2019 and \u2018raw-material\u2019 in the location of heavy industries in India. [3]
\nAnswer:
\nEnergy crisis has a great bearing on the industrial development and production. Although the installed capacity of electricity increased from 66.08 million km in 1990-91 to 85.79 million km in 1996-97 but it is much short of the actual demand. It leads to power cut and rostering, which hampers the industrial production. Most of the state electricity boards are running in loss and are in deplorable condition. Rail transport is overburdened while road transport is plagued with many problems. Even national highways in many places are in bad shape.<\/p>\nTelecommunication facilities are mainly confined to big cities.<\/p>\n
Indian Agricore, the major source of industrial raw material, is still dependent on the monsoon. Natural calamities like drought, famine, flood etc., badly affect agricultural production as well the supply of industrial raw material. Failure of monsoon even affects the purchasing power of the people and also the demand for industrial products. It sometimes creates glut in the market and industrial plumpness. Cement industry is recently facing such crisis.<\/p>\n
Question 20.
\nExplain any three human values which are required to empower socially and economically disadvantaged people. *[3]<\/p>\nQuestion 21.
\nStudy the given map, showing areas of subsistence gathering carefully and answer the following questions: [5]
\n(i) Identify and name the areas marked A, B, C and D in your answer-book.
\n(ii) Explain any four characteristics of gathering.
\n(iii) Why can\u2019t gathering become important at the global level ? Give two reasons.
\n![\"CBSE](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cbselabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/CBSE-Previous-Year-Question-Papers-Class-12-Geography-2013-Delhi-2.png?resize=626%2C400&ssl=1\")
\nAnswer:
\n(i) A-North Canada
\nB-Amazon Basin
\nC-Northern Eurasia
\nD-Tropical Africa<\/p>\n(ii)<\/p>\n
- \n
- Gathering is practiced in the regions having harsh climate conditions.<\/li>\n
- It involves primitive societies, which depends on wild animals and plants.<\/li>\n
- This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment.<\/li>\n
- The yield per person is very low and they hardly have any surplus.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
(iii)<\/p>\n
- \n
- Modern gatherers have had no opportunity to move into new territories.<\/li>\n
- Products of such types of activity cannot compete in the world market.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 22.
\nDefine \u2018manufacturing\u2019. Classify manufacturing industries on the basis of size into three categories. Explain an important characteristic of each category. [5]
\nAnswer:
\nManufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activities, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other more complex products, such as aircraft, household appliances or automobiles.<\/p>\nSize of industry refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production. Based on size, industries can be classified into three types :<\/p>\n
- \n
- Cottage or household industries.<\/li>\n
- Small-scale industries.<\/li>\n
- Large-scale industries.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Cottage or household industries are a type of small-scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans. Basket weaving, pottery and other handicrafts are examples of cottage industry. Small-scale manufacturing is distinguished from household by its production techniques and place of manufacturing. Small- scale industries use lesser amount of capital and technology as compared to large-scale industries that produce large volume of products. Investment of capital is higher and the technology used is superior in large-scale industries. Silk weaving and food processing industries are small-scale industries. Production of automobiles and heavy machinery are large-scale industries.<\/p>\n
Question 23.
\nClassify urban settlements on the basis of size, functions and services available into five categories and explain an important characteristic of each type. [5]
\nAnswer:
\nDepending on the size, functions and the service available, urban settlements are designated as town city, million city, conurbation, and megalopolis.<\/p>\n- \n
- Town : Population size in town is higher than the village. Functions such as, manufacturing, retail and wholesale trade, and professional services exist in towns.<\/li>\n
- City : A city may be regarded as a leading town. Cities are much larger than towns and have a greater number of economic functions. They tend to have transport terminals, major financial institutions and regional administrative offices. When the population crosses the one million mark it is designated as a million city.<\/li>\n
- Million City : The cities having more than million population is known as million city. The number of these types of cities in the world have been increasing as never before.<\/li>\n
- Conurbation : The term conurbation was coined by Patrick Geddes in 1915 and applied to a large area of urban development resulted from the merging of originally separate towns or cities. Greater London, Greater Mumbai, Manchester, Chicago and Tokyo are examples.<\/li>\n
- Megalopolis : This Greek word meaning \u201cgreat city\u201d, was popularized by Jean Gottman (1957) and signifies \u2018super-metropolitan\u2019 region extending union of conurbations. The urban landscape stretching from Boston in the north to south of Washington in U.S.A. is the best-known example of a megalopolis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 24.
\nExplain any three factors responsible for the depletion of water resources. Examine any two legislative measures for controlling water pollution in India. [5]
\nAnswer:
\n(i) Increased use of irrigation : The impact of increased use of water for irrigation is a decrease in the quality and quantity of downstream water, with, implications on both ecosystem functioning and on downstream use for agriculture, industry and municipal supplies. However, as the demand area, the farmland, is often distant from the critical urban\/industrial demand areas, these linkages are often overlooked.<\/p>\n(ii) Use of freshwater in industrial animal production and processing systems : The demand on fresh water has a direct impact, a reduction in the overall availability of fresh water among competing users. It also has an indirect impact through decreasing the water available for diluting effluents, and hence increasing the levels of pollution in downstream systems. Discharged wastewater is generally loaded with nutrients (N and P) and organic compounds. When discharged directly onto surface water, the large quantities of wastewater easily exceed the natural cleaning capacity of the system, causing pollution and increasing biological oxygen demand.<\/p>\n
Legislative measures in India :<\/p>\n
- \n
- The government of India has enacted a number of pieces of legislation, such as the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amended in 1998.<\/li>\n
- Environment Protection Act, 1986, a system of environmental audit introduced to enable the production units to evaluate the raw materials, utilities, and operational efficiencies to effect any possible midcourse corrections and minimize environmental pollution.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 25.
\nExplain with five suitable examples, how the \u2018level of economic development and \u2018nature of terrain\u2019 affect the density of roads in India. [5]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- The roads in our villages, towns and cities are bumpy and are not traffic worthy. In villages streets or roads are uneven and if it is dark one may stumble. The Panchayats, municipalities and corporations are not particular in laying good roads, in mending them.<\/li>\n
- Even in the cities the roads are not well metalled and there is no footpath. Except in the main thoroughfares there are no footpaths.<\/li>\n
- Jammu & Kashmir has only 10.48 KM road density.<\/li>\n
- It is very low in the Himalayan region and Northeast region<\/li>\n
- It is also low in plateau areas in India.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 26.1.
\nIn the given political outline Map of the World, four features have been marked as A, B, C and D. Identify these features with the help of information given below and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. [5]
\n(A) : A major sea port.
\n(B) : A major air port.
\n(C) : The country having the highest density of population in Asia.
\n(D) : An area of extensive commercial grain farming.
\n![\"CBSE](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cbselabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/CBSE-Previous-Year-Question-Papers-Class-12-Geography-2013-Delhi-3.png?resize=594%2C436&ssl=1\")
\nAnswer:
\n26.1
\n![\"CBSE](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cbselabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/CBSE-Previous-Year-Question-Papers-Class-12-Geography-2013-Delhi-4.png?resize=592%2C374&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\nQuestion 26.2.
\nLocate and label the following on the given political outline Map of India with appropriate symbols:
\n(i) Mayurbhanj – iron ore mining area
\n(ii)A major seaport which has been developed after independence to cater the needs of Western and North-western parts ef the country.
\n(iii) A state having highest female literacy rate.
\nAnswer:
\n26.2.
\n![\"CBSE](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cbselabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/CBSE-Previous-Year-Question-Papers-Class-12-Geography-2013-Delhi-5.png?resize=455%2C544&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\nCBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Geography 2013 Delhi Set – II<\/h3>\n
Note : Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous set.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nMention any two key area of measuring \u2018human development\u2019. [1]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Health<\/li>\n
- Education.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 3.
\nName the terminal stations of \u2018Australian trans-continental Railways\u2019. [1]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Perth<\/li>\n
- Sydney.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 4.
\nDefine the term poverty. [1]
\nAnswer:
\nA state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life and well being that\u2019s considered acceptable in society. Poverty status in the United States is assigned to people that do not meet a certain threshold level set by the Department of Health and Human Services.<\/p>\nQuestion 7.
\nName two rivers that provide water to Tata Iron and Steel company (TISCO). [1]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Kharki<\/li>\n
- Swarnrekha.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 13.
\nAnalyse three problems arising as a result of urban waste disposal. [3]
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Localized environmental health problems such as inadequate household water and sanitation and indoor air pollution.<\/li>\n
- City-regional environmental problems such as ambient air pollution, inadequate waste management and pollution of rivers, lakes and coastal areas.<\/li>\n
- Extra-urban impacts of urban activities such as ecological disruption and resource depletion in a city\u2019s hinterland, and emissions of acid precursors and greenhouse gases.<\/li>\n
- Regional or global environmental burdens that arise from activities outside a city\u2019s boundaries, but which will affect people living in the city.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 14.
\nWhy is river Rhine the world\u2019s most heavily used waterway ? Explain any three reasons. [3]
\nAnswer:
\nThe Rhine is an important waterway. Many goods are transported over the Rhine, and the Rhine valley is also an important wine producing region. The river Rhine begins at Tomasee, a lake in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland and runs through Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands. It is also the border between Switzerland and Liechtenstein and also the border between Germany and France. It runs through Basel, Bonn, Cologne and Duisburg. It also separates the cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden.<\/p>\nIt works as a main route of transportation of goods F among these countries.<\/p>\n
Question 18.
\nGive two advantages of Manganese. Mention any four main Manganese producing states in India. [3]
\nAnswer:
\nTwo advantages of Manganese are :<\/p>\n- \n
- It is considered an essential nutrient, because the body requires it to function properly. People use manganese as medicine.<\/li>\n
- During the period of operation of the Merioneth manganese mines, the main applications were bleach manufacture, glass making and steel making.<\/li>\n
- Manganese is used as a flux in smelting silver and lead ores. Manganese producing states in India are : Odisha, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 19.
\nExplain the role of \u2018Market and \u2018Transport\u2019 in the location of industries in India. [3]
\nAnswer:
\nThe demand for market comes mostly from agriculture, industry and trade. The predominant form of industrial organization developed Market becomes K a necessary infrastructure for fast industrialization and hence it\u2019s important for the economy because India is a land if agriculture where more than 7o % of population depends upon agriculture and as India is also an developing nation so, industrialization is most necessary.<\/p>\nDevelopment of any industry very much depends on good means of transport. All the production is meant for consumption from fields and factories. The product is brought from different places to market for consumers by various means of transportation.<\/p>\n
In India, Industries are linked with roads, railways and other means of transportation but as far as agriculture sector is concerned, it is not well linked with the roads. Despite of numerous efforts, villages of India, which are considered as main source of agricultural products, still need to be linked with various means of transportation.<\/p>\n
Question 22.
\nDefine the term \u2018Tourism’. Explain any four factors that attract tourists in the world. [5]
\nAnswer:
\nTourism is the travel for recreational, leisure, family or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with transnational travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people \u201ctravelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.\u201d
\nFactors that attracts tourists are as follow :<\/p>\n
- \n