AP SSC 10th class General Science 2 Model paper 2015-16 English Medium Set 3

SECTION – I

1. What is the role of Acid in stomach ?
2. What is meant by sustainable development ?
3. Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than terrestrial organisms ?
4. Artery walls are very strong and elastic. Why ?
5. State the law of independent assortment.
6. If we swallow food material directly without mastication, what will happen ?

SECTION – II

Group-A
7. What happens if diaphragm is not there in the body ?
8.Write the differences between xylem and phloem.
9. Why are weeds and wild plants not affected by insects and pests ?
10. If you want to know more about flow of energy in an ecosystem, what questions do you ask your teacher ?
Group – B
11. The cross between Hybrid tall (Tt) and dwarf (tt), what will be the Fj generation progeny ? Draw a checker board and write the phenotypic and genotypic ratio.
12. Crop selection and cultivation should be based on water. Prepare 4 slogans to make aware of farmers about this.
13. What is fluorosis ? How does it affect our body ?
14. How do you appreciate stomach as a churning machine ? How does this coordination go on ?

SECTION – III

Group – A
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Answer the following questions by observing the above experiment performed at your school.
a) What is the aim of the above experiment ?
b) Why the potted plant was kept in dark room for week days prior to do this
experiment ?                                                                  .
c) Why do you keep KOH pellets in glass jar ?
d) What apparatus do you require to perform the above experiment ?
16. Draw a block diagram showing events in respiration. Write what do you understand about cellular respiration.
17. What are secondary metabolites ? Briefly explain their uses.
18. What is the need to conserve forests and wild life ?
Group -B
19. What procedure did you follow to demonstrate root pressure in plants ?
20. Give reasons for the following :
a) Why do fish and frog produce a huge number of eggs each year ?
b) Urination increases when we take lot of fluids.
c) Diameter of afferent arteriole is bigger than efferent arteriole.
d) Why do you see oxygen deficit in muscles of running athlete ?
21. What is natural selection ? How does it direct the evolution ? Explain it with an example.
22. What is a ecological pyramid ? Discuss different types of ecological pyramids.

SECTION – IV

23.Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Neuron.
24. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of male reproductory system. What is the function of epididymis ?
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ANSWERS

SECTION -I

1.What is the role of Acid in stomach ?
A. 1) HC/ found in stomach helps in killing harmful germs which may have come along with the food.
2) Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic medium which facilitates the action of enzyme pepsin.
3) Pepsin is active in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
2. What is meant by sustainable development ?
A. When we use environment in ways that ensure we have resources for the future, it is called sustainable development.
3. Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than terrestrial organisms ?
A. The amount of dissolved oxygen in water is low as compared to the amount of oxygen in air, therefore the rate of breathing in aquatic animals is much faster than in terrestrial animals.
4. Artery walls are very strong and elastic. Why ?
A. The walls of the arteries are strong and elastic. When the blood enters with a pressure into arteries the walls will stretch and this enables the arteries to withstand the increase in the pressure, without bursting.
strong>5. State the law of independent assortment.
A. In the inheritance of more than one pair of characters (traits), the factors for each pair of characters assort independently of the other pairs. This is known as law of independent assortment.
6. If we swallow food material directly without mastication, what will happen ?
A. If we swallow food material directly without mastication,
a) Digestion process will not start.
b) Makes the digestion process much complicated if the food is not made into bolus in the mouth.
c) Absorption of nutrients from food is difficult.
d) It will not promote feelings of fullness after eating.

SECTION – II

Group – A
7. What happens if diaphragm is not there in the body ?
A. 1) If diaphragm is not there in the body, we would not be able to breathe.
2) If the diaphragm is absent, breathing movements will stop.
3) The diaphragm is the major muscle of respiration and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
4) The body is dependent on diaphragm for normal respiratory function, in its absence inspiration and expiration process may not take place properly.
8. Write the differences between xylem and phloem.
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9. Why are weeds and wild plants not affected by insects and pests ?
A. 1) Weeds and wild plants produce waste products which are stored in leaves, bark and fruits.
2) Several compounds are synthesized by weeds and wild plants for their own use especially for defence.
3) Several weed and wild plants prepare chemicals and store them in different parts for protection against herbivores, insects and pests.
4) Most of these chemicals are unpleasant to taste and hence insects and pests do not prefer to eat such plants.
5) Some of the chemicals are toxic and may even kill the insects and pests that eat them.
6) Hence weeds and wild plants are not affected by insects and pests.
10.If you want to know more about flow of energy in an ecosystem, what questions do you ask your teacher ?
A. I will ask the following questions to know more about flow of energy in an ecosystem.
1) How does the energy flow in an ecosystem from one organism to other ?
2)Is the energy transformation from one level to other 100% efficient ?
3) What per cent of energy transfers from one level to other ?
4) What happens to the remaining energy ?
5) How does the ecosystem lose its energy during energy transformation ?
6) Which tropic level in an ecosystem has more energy and which has less ?
7) What is the ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem ?
Group – B
11.The cross between Hybrid tall (Tt) and dwarf (tt), what will be the Fj generation progeny ? Draw a checker board and write the phenotypic and genotypic ratio.
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12. Crop selection and cultivation should be based on water. Prepare 4 slogans to make aware of farmers about this.
A. Slogans:
1) Rain follows the plough.
2) No matter your occupation, water conservation is your obligation.
3) Today’s rain water is tomorrow’s life saver.
4) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.
5) Save water.
6) If we care for it, it will care for us.
7) Waste water today – live in desert tomorrow.
8) “Jal Hai, to Kal Hai”.
9) Save every drop of water.
10) Every drop counts.
13. What is fluorosis ? How does it affect our body ?
A. Excess intake of fluorine causes a disease called “Fluorosis”. It effects the body in many ways.
1. The teeth become yellow in colour.
2. Bone deformations are seen.
3. As a result, these people cannot stand erect and walk properly.
4. Severe joint pains may also develop.
14. How do you appreciate stomach as a churning machine ? How does this coordination go on ?
A. 1) The stomach acts like a washing machine, churning the food around to break it into even smaller pieces.
2) Mechanical mixing of food in stomach occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall.
3) This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.
4) Due to churning of food in stomach, a mixture that resembles thick cream called chyme is formed.
5) Hence we can call stomach as a churning machine.

SECTION – III

Group – A
15.a) What is the aim of the above experiment ?
A. To prove that carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis.
b) Why the potted plant was kept in dark room for week days prior to do this experiment ?
A. For destarching the plant, it is kept in the dark for nearly a week days.
c) Why do you keep KOH pellets in glass jar ?
A. KOH absorbs the carbon dioxide gas which is formed inside the beaker.
d) What apparatus do you require to perform the above experiment ?
A.
Wide mouthed bottle, KOH solution, potted plant, vertically split cork, iodine solution, wax or grease.
16. Draw a block diagram showing events in respiration. Write what you understand about cellular respiration.
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Cellular respiration :
1). All living cells must carry out cellular respiration.
2). During respiration, energy is produced when the glucose or fatty acids are oxidised in the cells. As this process occurs in the cells this is called cellular respiration.
3) It can be in the presence of oxygen that is aerobic respiration or in its absence that is anaerobic respiration (fermentation).
4) Cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells like that of bacteria occurs within the cytoplasm.
5) In Eukaryotic cells cytoplasm and mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration.
6) The complete breakdown of a sugar molecule with the release of all its available energy involves a series of different chemical reactions.
7) The energy released in cellular respiration is stored in a special compound called ATP.
8) ATP is utilised for carrying out other functions in the cell.
17. What are secondary metabolites ? Briefly explain their uses.
A. 1) The materials which do not require for normal growth and development are called secondary metabolites. These are the by-products of plants, eg: Alkaloids, Tannins, Resins, Gums and Latex etc. Though plants produce these chemicals for their own use man found the usage of these chemicals for own benefits. They are generally coloured and fragrant.
2) Alkaloids: These are nitrogenous by – products and poisonous. These are stored in different parts of the plants. Common alkaloids in plants and their uses are given in the table.
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3) Tannins : Tannins are carbon compounds. These are stored in different parts of the plant and are deep brown in colour. Tannins are used in tanning of leather and in medicines, e.g. Cassia, Acacia.
4) Resins : Occur mostly in Gymnosperms in specialized passages called resin pas­sages. These are used in varnishes, e.g. Pinus.
5)Gums : Plants like Neem, Acacia oozes out a sticky substance called gum. When branches are cut. The gum swells by absorbing water and helps in the healing of damaged parts of a plant. Gums are economically valuable and used as adhesives and binding agents in the preparation of the medicines, food, etc.
6) Latex : Latex is a sticky, milky white substance secreted by plants. Latex is stored in latex cells or latex vessels. From the latex of Hevea braziliensis (Rubber plant) rubber is prepared. Latex from Jatropa is the source of bio-diesel.
7) Modern chewing gum originally made of chick natural latex from plant.
18. What is the need to conserve forests and wild life ?
A. Wild life and forests should be conserve for the following reasons.
1). Wild life and forests are the measures of Biodiversity of a particular region. By conserving the wild life and forests, we are ensuring that all diverse species in an area survive, breed and flurish.
2) Conservation of forests and wild life is vital for the ecological stability of particular area.
3) Forests are the habilitate for the wild life and they are an important constitute of the various food chains and food webs. Forests are needed for smooth functioning of Biochemical cycles.
4) Forests are necessary for the formation of human and for maintaining soil fertility.
5) Forest pure air protect the earth from green house effect by removing carbon dioxide and converting it into oxygen.
Thus forests protecting us from harmfully effects of global warming.
6) Many fruits, medicines, dyes, sandle wood and bamboo is obtained from forest by local people.
7) Forest provide employment large number of people and also help in generating revenue.
Group -B
19. What procedure did you follow to demostrate root pressure in plants ?
A. Aim : To demonstrate root pressure in plants.
Apparatus : Potted plant with cut stem, rubber tube, glass tube, clamp.
Procedure:
1) Take a regularly watered potted plant and cut the stem portion 1 cm above the ground level.
2) Then connect a glass tube by means of a strong rubber tubing as shown in the figure.
3) The size of glass tube should be equal to the size of the stem.
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4) Take care while joining tube and stem being bound tightly, water cannot escape from the tube.
5) Now pour some water in the glass tube until water level can be seen above the rubber tube.
6) Mark the level of water (M1) in tube.
7) Keep your arrangement aside for 2 to 3 hours.
8) Then observe and mark the water level (M2) in the tube.
9) The difference between M2 and M1 indicates the level of water raised.
Observation : There is increase in the level of water raised in the stem.
Result: The raise in the water level is due to the root pressure created in the plant.
20.a) Why do fish and frog produce a huge number of eggs each year ?
A. 1) External fertilisation occurs in frog and fish.
2) The females lays a vast number of eggs in water and males release some millions of sperms on to them in water.
3) As the chance of fertilisation is controlled by nature, which occurs externally hence it is inevitble to give rise to vast number of eggs by fish and frog.
b) Urination increases when we take lot of fluids.
A. Reason :
1) When we take lot of fluids, the kidneys will efficiently throw that water out by forming more urine than usual.
2)When there is excess water in the body, the brain usually produces less of a hormone called vasopressin, which inturn causes the kidneys to produce a lot of dilute urine, until excess water is removed.
c. Diameter of afferent arteriole is bigger than efferent arteriole.
A.Reason : The afferent arteriole in a nephron has a larger diameter than the outgoing efferent arteriole and this rise the blood pressure in the glomerulus capillaries lead to the ultrafiltration of the blood in the Bowman’s capsule.
d) Why do you see oxygen deficit in muscles of running athlete ?
A. Running Athlete need more energy (ATP). It required more oxygen to release energy. It needs more oxygen than the supplied. Hence there will be deficit of oxygen in muscles of Athlet.
21. What is natural selection ? How does it direct the evolution ? Explain it with an example.
A. 1) Natural selection states that nature only selects or decides which organism should survive or perish in nature.
2) The organisms with useful traits will survive and the organisms having harmful traits are going to be perished or eliminated from its environment.
3) Let us consider a group of red beetles which live in bushes on green leave? and grow by sexual reproduction.
4) Let us assume crows eat these red beetles.
5) Let us consider one colour variation arises during reproduction so that there is a beetle that is green in colour instead of red.
6) Moreover this green colour beetle passes its colour to its offspring, so that all its progeny are green.
7) Crows cannot see the green coloured beetles on green leaves of the bushes and therefore crows cannot eat them.
8) But crows can see the red beetles and eat them.
9) As a result, there are more and more green beetles than red ones which decrease their number.
10) The variation of colour of beetle ‘green’ gave a survival advantage to ‘green beetles’ than red beetles.
11) In other words, it was naturally selected by means of crows. .
12) The more crows there are, the more red beetles would be eaten and the more number of green beetles in the population would be. Thus the natural selection is directing
22. What is a Ecological pyramid ? Discuss different types of ecological pyramids ?
A. The graphic representation of the feeding level structure of an ecosystem by taking
the shape of a pyramid is called “Ecological Pyramid”.
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There are three types of ecological pyramids. They are
1) Pyramid of number
2)Pyramid of biomass and
3) Pyramid of energy Pyramid of number :
1. Pyramid of number is a graphical representation designed to show the number of organisms at each tropic level in a given ecosystem.
2) The shape of this pyramid varies from ecosystem to ecosystem.
3) In aquatic and grassland ecosystems, numerous small autotrophs support lesser herbivores which support further small number of carnivores and hence the pyramid structure is upright.
4) In forest ecosystem, less number of producers support greater number of herbivores who in turn support a fewer number of carnivores. Hence the pyramid structure is partly upright.
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5) In parasitic food chain, one primary producer supports numerous parasites which support still more hyperparasites. Hence the pyramid structure is inverted.
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1) Pyramid of biomass is a graphical representation designed to show the quantity of living matter (biomass) at each tropic level in a given ecosystem.
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2) In terrestrial ecosystems, the.biomass progressively decreases from producers to top carnivores. Hence the pyramid structure is upright.
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3) In an aquatic ecosystem, the biomass of phytoplankton (producers) is quite negligible as compared to that of crustaceans and small herbivorous fish that feed on these producers. The biomass of large carnivorous fish living on small fishes is still greater. This makes the pyramid of biomass inverted.
III. Pyramid of Energy:
1) Pyramid of energy is a graphical repre­sentation designed to show the quantity of energy present at each tropic level in a given ecosystem.
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2)The quantity of energy available for utilization in successive tropic levels is always less in any ecosystem. This is because there is loss of energy in each transfer. Hence the pyramid of energy is always upright.

SECTION – IV

23. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Neuron.
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24. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of male reproductory system. What is the function of epididymis ?
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